Citizenship and Social Development

Exam Revision Booklet (Teacher’s Edition)

Contents
A. Basic Knowledge Exercises 3

Theme 2 Our Country since Reform and Opening-up 4

Topic 1 Change in people’s life and overall national strength 4
1 Brief introduction to the development of China’s reform and 4
opening-up (key stages) and related strategies
2 Changes and enhancement of people’s quality of life 11
3 Enhancement of overall national strength 18

Topic 2 The development of our country and the integration of Hong 25

Kong into the overall national development
1 The focuses and policies of the recent Five-Year Plans of our country, 25
and the connection of these focuses and policies with the promotion of
the development of our country and Hong Kong
2 The development plans and policies related to Hong Kong and the 32
relationship with the promotion of the development of Hong Kong

Topic 3 Participation in international affairs 37

1 The notion of multifaceted diplomacy since the 21st century 37
2 Actions and initiatives: rescues of various nature and assistance to 42
other countries; setting up international organisations and organising
international forums; the Belt and Road Initiative
3 Impact of participation in international affairs on the country’s overall 48
development, and the active role played by Hong Kong
 Learning Flow

F.4 Theme 1 Hong Kong under “One Country, Two Systems”

F.5 Theme 2 Our Country since Reform and Opening-up

F.6 Theme 3 Interconnectedness and Interdependence of the Contemporary World

HKDSE Citizenship and Social Development

Duration 2 hours
Three compulsory data-response questions
Three main types of sources:
 Data: usually presented in the form of bar charts, pie chart, line
Questions charts and tables
 Image: including photos, cartoons, maps, etc.
 Text: usually adapted from news reports or official documents, but
may also include conversations, reports, and memos.
The total mark of the sample paper is 41, with each question ranging
Marks
from 13 to 14 marks.
It mainly uses data-response questions to assess students’ understanding
Requirements of subject knowledge, as well as his/her ability to analyse, organise and
apply data.
Depending on the nature of the sources and topics, different types of
Question types questions are set, such as multiple-choice questions, short questions,
short essay questions, etc.

A. Basic Knowledge Exercises

B. Question Type Training

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 2 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 A. Basic Knowledge Exercises

 This booklet contains fill-in-the-blanks, multiple-choice questions and short-

answer questions to consolidate the knowledge covered in the subject.

Topic 1: The meaning and implementation of “one

country, two systems”
Theme 1
Hong Kong under Topic 2: Situation of the country and sense of
national identity
“One Country, Two
Systems” Topic 3: Characteristics of cultural diversity of the
Hong Kong society

Topic 1: Change in people’s life and overall national

strength
Theme 2
Topic 2: The development of our country and the
Our Country since integration of Hong Kong into the overall national
development
Reform and Opening-
up Topic 3: Participation in international affairs

Topic 1: Economic globalisation

Topic 2: Technological development and

Theme 3 information literacy
Interconnectedness
and Interdependence Topic 3: Sustainable development
of the Contemporary
World Topic 4: Public health and human health

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 3 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 Theme 2 Our Country since Reform and Opening-up
Topic 1: Change in people’s life and overall national strength
Learning Focus 1: Brief introduction to the development of China’s reform and
opening-up (key stages) and related strategies

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

Background before reform and opening-up
 After 1949, China was affected by mass movements/ political unrests

(e.g. the “Great Leap Forward”, the “Cultural Revolution”), causing economic

downfall and political turmoil.

 The country implemented a “ planned economy ”, where all resources

were centrally planned, mobilised, produced, and distributed by the state.

However, this system had become increasingly inadequate in meeting the needs

of economic development.

 In the face of national decline, Deng Xiaoping , the then national

leader, was deeply aware of the urgency of reform and put forward the concept

of reform and opening-up.

Development strategy of reform and opening-up

 The “ three-step development strategy ” aimed to revitalising the

economy to raise the living standards of the people. It aimed to first solve the

problem of basic needs for people, and then gradually achieve moderate

prosperity. Finally, the per capita GNP would have reached the level of medium

developed countries. People would be relatively well-off and modernisation

would be basically achieved.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 4 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Deng Xiaoping believed that there were regional economic disparities and

varying advantages across the country. He proposed the idea of letting some

people get rich first in order to achieve common prosperity .

 In 1997, as the second-step goal was achieved ahead of schedule, the country

made further plans on how to achieve the third-step goal and proposed a new

“ three-step development strategy”.

 In 2017, President Xi Jinping proposed the “ Two Centenaries ” (the

centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the

establishment of the People’s Republic of China) goal, aiming at deepening

reform and opening-up.

 In 2049, China will have developed into a great modern socialist country

that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and

beautiful.

The course of reform and opening-up and related strategies

Opening the way for reform and opening-up (December 1978 to December

1991):

 Rural reform: The country implemented the household

responsibility system . Farmers earn more by working harder, and their

enthusiasm for production increases. Local governments encouraged farmers to

set up township and village enterprises . Some farmers had been

engaged in industry, commerce and service industries instead, which had

changed the agriculture-based structure in rural areas.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 5 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Developing private enterprises: The national support for the development of

collective and self-employed economies in towns and cities has led to the

emergence of a new business type, the “ self-employed household ”.

The private economy has gradually become the engine that drives the rapid

growth of China’s economy.

 Reform of state-owned enterprises : To address the problems of

excessive state control over enterprises and lack of vitality of enterprises, the

country has expanded the autonomy of enterprises, piloted various economic

responsibility systems, and piloted replacement of profit delivery by taxes.

 Opening-up: China has adopted the policy of gradual opening-up to establish

an externally oriented economy. It first established four Special Economic

Zones/ SEZs and then expanded the scope of opening-up to coastal areas,

before finally implementing comprehensive opening-up to the inland areas.

Constructing the framework of a socialist economy (January 1992 to October

2002):

 In 1992, the report of the 14th National Congress of the CPC stated that the goal

of the reform of China’s economic system was to establish a “__ socialist market

economy ”, which officially recognised the important role of market in

allocating social resources.

 The State has become only the shareholder of state-owned enterprises

and gradually reduced its interference in the management. A modern corporate

system has been established with clear property rights, defined responsibilities,

separation of government and enterprise, and effective management to enhance

the production enthusiasm of enterprises and employees.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 6 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization/ WTO , which fully

opened up China and integrated it into the global economy and society.

Following the principles of free trade and fair competition, China traded with

various countries.

Responding to different social problems (November 2002 to October 2012):

 As the reform deepened, the “ three rural issues”, namely, farmer

poverty, underdeveloped agriculture, and rural decline, remained prominent.

Solving these problems became an important task.

 The Central Government narrowed the urban-rural disparity/ the income

gap between urban and rural residents by carring out integrated urban and

rural development, completely abolishing the agricultural tax and supporting the

development of modern agriculture.

 China expanded the opening-up, lowering or even implementing zero tariffs

on certain products from certain countries.

Comprehensively deepening reform (November 2012 to present):

 China has transformed from the previous economic development of relying on

resources and a low-cost labour force to using (technological) innovation

as the driving force of the economy.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 7 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  The country has implemented the strategy of promoting coordinated

regional development (e.g. the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater

Bay Area and the Coordinated Development for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

Region) to address the problem of uneven regional development and achieve

complementary advantages among different regions.

 The country has proposed the Belt and Road Initiative to promote

international cooperation based on the principles of“wide consultation, joint

construction and shared benefits”, bringing participating countries into a highly

cohesive cooperation framework.

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following reform and opening-up strategies
first achieved a breakthrough?
A. Rural reform
B. Ownership reform
C. Opening up coastal cities A B C D
D. State-owned assets management system reform ● ○ ○ ○

b. Which of the following are the Special Economic Zones of

China?
(1) Beijing
(2) Shenzhen
(3) Zhuhai
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ○ ● ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 8 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
c. Which of the following belong to the “three types of foreign-
invested enterprises”?
(1) Sino-foreign equity joint ventures
(2) Sino-foreign cooperative joint ventures
(3) Wholly foreign-owned enterprises
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ○ ○ ●

d. Which of the following are “processing and compensation

trades”?
(1) Processing with imported/supplied materials
(2) Assembling with imported/supplied materials
(3) Compensation trade
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ○ ○ ●

3. Answer the following questions.

a. State one principle of reform and opening-up. (1 mark)

Example:“Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth” / “seek truth from

facts”

b. What is China’s socialist economy? (1 mark)

A planned commodity economy on the foundation of public ownership

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 9 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 c. What impact does the development of private enterprises have on China’s

economy? (2 marks)

Private enterprises help promote the overall economic development of the

country. (1) Since most private enterprises belong to the tertiary industry, they

can help regulate the problem of a small tertiary industry in China and

promote the overall economic development of China.

d. Why did the country propose to comprehensively deepen the reform?

(2 marks)

The country was facing difficulties in its development. (1) For example,

technological innovation was not strong; the production mode emphasised

quantity over quality; and poverty had not been completely eradicated.

Therefore, it was necessary to comprehensively deepen the reform to promote

modernisation of the country. (1)

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 10 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 1: Change in people’s life and overall national strength
Learning Focus 2: Changes and enhancement of people’s quality of life

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

 China’s economy has been developing rapidly. The per

capita disposable income nationwide rose about 187 times.

People’s living standard has reached the level of middle-income

countries.

 The income of urban residents has increased

significantly, and their sources of income have become more

diversified. In contrast, the income growth of rural residents

has been relatively slow. Therefore, the government has

Increase in
increased its financial support for them.
income
 The government has proposed coordinating regional

development and establishing the urban and rural minimum

living security system to narrow regional differences and

urban-rural disparity .

 The implementation of the Western Development Strategy

in 2001, and subsequent strategies such as the Northeast

Revitalisation and the Rise of Central China, have helped to

improve the resource and economic levels of inland regions.

 The reform and opening-up has made the society richer. People

have been spending not only on basic living needs but also for
Changes in
consumption the pursuit of personal development and hedonic
patterns
consumption .

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 11 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  The “ three major items ” changed from durable goods

(e.g. bicycle, watch and sewing machine) to high-end products

(e.g. computer, mobile phone and camera).

 Consumer demand is becoming increasingly

diversified , and material living standards are becoming

more abundant. Society is seeing more individualised consumer

groups, such as solo consumption, consumption for Generation

Z, “substitution” consumption, and hedonic consumption.

 Electronic consumption is gradually replacing

traditional consumption patterns, promoting online shopping,

and driving the continuous expansion of China’s online retail

market.

 Different social classes have different consumption

characteristics. For example, the upper class values wealth

growth, while the lower class still focuses on basic living

consumption .

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 12 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Since the implementation of the nine-year compulsory

education in China, there has been a focus on the fairness

and balanced development of education. Various educational

rates and levels have enhanced significantly.

 China continues to develop higher education and has

entered the stage of popularisation, leading to an increase in the

Advancement
number of university students.
of education
 More and more students are studying abroad to

broaden their horizons.

 Currently, China has the world’s largest vocational

education system, and the practical skills-oriented

vocational training has provided a large number of technical

talents for multiple industries.

 China’s total health expenditure has increased continuously. It

has also established a complete medical insurance

system, which basically solved the problem of expensive

healthcare.

 China has improved the hierarchical medical system,

Improvement with healthcare institutions at different levels responsible for

in healthcare treatment. The target is to form a medical treatment pattern of

“treating minor illnesses in community medical institutions,

curing serious illnesses in hospitals, and recovering back in the

community medical institutions”.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 13 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  As the healthcare system improves, the health level of the

Chinese people continues to improve. China’s average life

expectancy was about 4 years longer than the global

average.

 The government has adopted targeted poverty alleviation

in the fight against poverty, ensuring that the policies can

provide the assistance that impoverished populations need the

most.
Practice of  In 2015, the President proposed to win the “fight against
poverty
alleviation poverty”. In 2021, China succeeded in eradicating absolute

poverty and attained “ Two Assurances and Three

Guarantees ”, that is, assurances of adequate food and

clothing , and guarantees of access to compulsory

education, basic medical services and safe housing .

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 14 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 Reform and opening-up

Economy Education Heathcare

 Increase in income  Increase in  Improvement of

 Increase in education level healthcare service

consumption  Increase in quality

enjoyment education choices  Reduction of the

 Successful poverty burden of healthcare

eradication expenses for the

public

People’s quality of life has improved.

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following are measures to promote
urbanisation?
(1) Reform of the household registration system
(2) Residence permit system
(3) Coordinated Development of the Yangtze River Economic
Belt
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ● ○ ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 15 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
b. Which of the following education channels help build a
lifelong learning system for the entire population?
(1) Non-state education
(2) Adult education
(3) Regular education
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ○ ● ○

c. Which of the following statements about the medical system

in China are correct?
(1) Critically ill patients should be sent to primary hospitals.
(2) Internet healthcare is becoming increasingly popular, and the
public can seek medical consultations using smartphones.
(3) Family doctors provide home visits for personalised
treatment plans for patients.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ○ ● ○

3. Answer the following questions.

a. What are the areas of consumption favoured by the upper class? Give two

examples. (2 marks)

Examples: health, luxury goods

b. The Government has included more drugs in the National Medical Insurance

Drug List. What are the benefits of this? (2 marks)

The inclusion of drugs in the National Medical Insurance Drug List results in

lower prices (1), which helps alleviate the financial burden on patients (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 16 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 c. How does the Central Government address the problem of regional poverty?

Give one example and explain. (2 marks)

The Government alleviates poverty by developing industries. (1) It uses the

unique advantages of poor regions to develop distinctive industries. This can

increase the income of local people. (1)

d. What are the positive impacts of the “double reduction” policy? (2 marks)

The “dual reduction” policy comprehensively regulates off-campus tutoring

institutions, rectifying situations where these institutions deliberately create

anxiety and cause confusion in fee charging. (1) This helps improve the

learning environment and alleviate students’ study pressure (1).

e. How has the reform and opening-up improved people’s quality of life?

(4 marks)

Since the reform and opening-up, people’s income has continued to grow (1),

shifting them from subsistence-oriented consumption to development-oriented

and enjoyment-oriented consumption, leading to an increasingly abundant

material and spiritual life (1). Additionally, the healthcare level in China has

improved (1), enabling people to access higher-quality and more

comprehensive medical services, which contributes to an extended lifespan (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 17 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 1: Change in people’s life and overall national strength
Learning Focus 3: Enhancement of overall national strength

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

 It is the sum of a nation’s strength in different areas, generally

comprising both hard power and soft power . The

Overall
national former consists of tangible, concrete, measurable or quantifiable
strength
indicators; the latter encompasses non-quantifiable, abstract and

intangible forms of power.

 China has become the world’s second largest economy.

Its GDP growth rate has been consistently higher than the world

level.

 China’s industrial structure has changed. The shares of

Economy
the primary industry (agriculture, fisheries, etc.) and the

secondary industry (industry, manufacturing, etc.) have

decreased, while the share of the high value-added tertiary

industry (legal, finance, etc.) has increased.

 China has actively developed the cultural industry ,

leading to the thriving development of various cultural services

and products such as film, television, audiovisual, and tourism.

In recent years, there has been a drive to promote the integration

Culture
of culture with the Internet, tourism, sports, and other industries.

 As of 2022, China has 56 cultural and natural heritage sites on

the UNESCO’s World Heritage List .

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 18 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Shadow puppetry, Cantonese opera and Kunqu are intangible

cultural heritage of China.

 China promotes classic cultural education in primary

and secondary school curricula, introducing Di Zi Gui and the

Three Character Classic to expose students to traditional

Chinese culture and virtues at an early age.

 China adopts the strategy of “going global” externally. It has

expanded the promotion of Chinese culture overseas,

thereby building up China’s international image of peaceful

rejuvenation.

 Natural resources are an important material foundation

for the survival and development of a country, including land,

water, minerals, and so on.

 China is rich in mineral resources, and in recent years,

there has been an increased emphasis on exploration. At the

same time, efforts have been made to restore and regulate mines
Resources
to prevent damage to the ecological environment.

 To cope with the pollution caused by using coal and to lower

carbon emissions, China has been developing a diversified

energy mode. It continues to accelerate the development of

clean energy/ green energy (e.g. nuclear energy,

hydropower and wind power).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 19 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  China has established the world’s largest higher education

system, which has been widely popularised, leading to a

significant increase in enrollment rates.

 Chinese students’ academic performance ranks in the upper-

middle range globally, and the quality of basic education

Education is internationally recognised. Chinese students consistently

achieve top rankings in PISA scores globally.

 Due to the advancement of the education system, China has

become the world’s second-largest recipient of international

students. The “ returnees ” have become important

talents in the country’s development.

 China’s funding for scientific research has been increasing

continuously. It has achieved positive results in basic research

and key core technologies. Some high-tech industries,

such as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and the lunar

probe Chang’e-5, are leading the world.

 China’s amount of academic papers follows the US

Technology closely. Its academic strength is constantly improving. For

example, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published the

most papers on Nature Index journals.

 In recent years, the Government has emphasised more on

intellectual property rights . It has successively rolled out

the Trademark Law, the Patent Law, and the Copyright Law to

protect the interests of copyright holders.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 20 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Through reforming military units, the country has rearranged the

original seven military regions into five theater

commands , thereby downplaying regionalism. This

adjustment is beneficial in addressing the outbreak of regional

Defence and
wars.
military
 The country has actively applied technology to the

military field, such as the use of Beidou satellite for space

reconnaissance and cyber technology for intelligence gathering,

in order to develop new types of forces.

Hard power
Soft power
Measurable and
quantifiable forms of Abstract and non-
power, including: quantifiable forms of
power, including:
 Economy Overall national
 Politics
 Resources strength
 Diplomacy
 Technology
 Culture
 Defence and
 Education
military

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 21 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.
a. Which of the following are indicators of economic strength?
(1) Foreign investment
(2) Number of emigrants
(3) Foreign trade
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ● ○ ○

b. Which of the following statements about China’s responses

to the problems on resources are correct?
(1) China has undertaken the “South-North Water Transfer
Project” to address the uneven distribution of water
resources between the southern and northern regions.
(2) China has carried out voluntary tree planting activities to
address the low timber stock.
(3) China has carried out the “returning farmland to forest”
programme to address the small proportion of arable land.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ● ○ ○ ○

c. What is the importance of upgrading the military level of

defence?
(1) Maintaining homeland security
(2) Maintaining world peace
(3) Promoting cultural heritage
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ● ○ ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 22 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
3. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the importance of enhancing economic strength? (2 marks)

Improving economic strength can enhance overall national strength. (1) The

economy is the foundation of national construction and development. It

directly affects military, science and technological and educational

development as well as the country’s international status. (1)

b. How does China promote Chinese culture abroad? Give one example and

explain. (2 marks)

Example: The country conducts cultural cooperation with educational

institutions around the world. (1) It has set up over 500 Confucius Institutes to

teach Chinese language to foreigners and promote traditional Chinese culture.

(1)

c. What is the importance of improving public cultural facilities (e.g. libraries,

museums, etc.)? (2 marks)

Improving public cultural facilities helps the public gain a deeper

understanding of Chinese culture, promotes cultural preservation and

inheritance (1), and contributes to enhancing China’s cultural strength. (1)

d. Why does the country implement talent policies to encourage Chinese

overseas students to return to China for development? (2 marks)

Chinese overseas students can drive national development. (1) As high-end

talent for the country, Chinese overseas students can apply the knowledge they

have gained overseas upon their return, promoting development in various

aspects and contributing to enhancing overall national strength. (1)

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 23 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 e. How has the reform and opening-up enhanced China’s overall national

strength? (4 marks)

The reform and opening-up has boosted China’s economic strength. (1)

China’s economic indicators, including foreign trade, have experienced

substantial growth, propelling it to become the world’s second largest

economy. (1) Moreover, the reform and opening-up have elevated China’s

overall education level, (1) with universal access to compulsory education and

the popularisation of higher education. (1)

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 24 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 2: The development of our country and the integration of Hong Kong into the
overall national development
Learning Focus 1: The focuses and policies of the recent Five-Year Plans of our
country, and the connection of these focuses and policies with the promotion of the
development of our country and Hong Kong

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

 China has achieved the goal of “ building a moderately

prosperous society in all respects ” in the 13th Five-Year

Background of Plan. The people yearn for a better life at a higher level.
the 14th Five-
Year Plan  The 14th Five-Year Plan and the 2035 long-range objectives

complement each other, so the 14th Five-Year Plan can be said

to have a “dual theme”.

 Innovation-driven development: The 14th Five-Year

Plan proposes to encourage innovation and technology, build

major platforms for innovation and technology, enhance the

technological innovation capability of enterprises, stimulate

creativity and talent development, and improve the mechanisms

Focuses of the
for innovation and technology, so as to achieve self-reliance and
14th Five-Year
Plan and self-improvement in science and technology.
related
 Developing a modern industrial system and facilities: The
strategies
14th Five-Year Plan promotes the development of the

manufacturing industry by improving modernisation of the

industrial chains; it also proposes to make emerging

industries stronger to promote the optimisation and

upgrading of the economic structure.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 25 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Building a new development paradigm: China continues to

expand domestic demand , stabilises economic growth

with domestic circulation, and develops high-level open

economic development pattern of “ external

circulation ”, thus forming a domestic and international

“ dual circulation ”.

 Shifting to green living: China rapidly pushes forward non-

fossil fuel energy power generation and encourages green

consumption, with a view to achieving carbon neutrality

by 2060.

 Enhancing China’s cultural soft power: China has proposed

to build national cultural parks themed on the Great

Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, and the Yellow River

to enhance the protection of historical and cultural sites.

 Optimising national territory spatial planning: It is aimed to

address the imbalanced regional development and promote

regional coordinated development . The measures

include the reform of the household registration system and

ensures full access to basic urban public services.

 Safeguarding national security: The 14th Five-Year Plan aims

to safeguard security in different fields. For example, the

country aims to better regulate and control grain reserves to

safeguard food security .

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 26 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 Coordinating with the overall development vision of the country:

 Maintaining the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong

Kong: The 14th Five-Year Plan stresses the full and faithful

implementation of the principles of “ one country, two

systems ”, “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong”

and a high degree of autonomy.

 Realising the full return of jurisdiction: The HKSAR

Government upholds and supports the decisions made by the

Central Government. It will reinforce education on the

Constitution and the Basic Law, and national education to foster

a stronger sense of national identity among Hong Kong

The connection
of the 14th people.
Five-Year Plan
with the
development of The national support for Hong Kong’s development/ Projects to
Hong Kong
enhance competitive advantage:

 International financial centre : The Central

Government will continue to strengthen Hong Kong’s status as

a global offshore Renminbi business hub, an international asset

management centre, and a risk management centre.

 International transportation centre : Hong Kong

will coordinate with our country’s planning and facilitate the

development of a world-class port cluster in collaboration with

other cities in the Greater Bay Area.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 27 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  International trade centre : Hong Kong will tap into

the business opportunities brought about by the Belt and Road

Initiative and the Greater Bay Area, striving to establish and

maintain close and stable economic and trade relations with

trading partners around the world.

 Centre for international legal and dispute resolution

services in the Asia-Pacific region : Hong Kong will

further deepen exchanges with the Mainland on work relating to

judicial and dispute resolution matters in civil and commercial

cases, and strengthen international and regional legal

cooperation.

 International innovation and technology hub/

International I&T hub : Hong Kong will build

infrastructures such as the San Tin Technopole. It is also

increasing financial investment and bringing in foreign talents.

 International aviation hub : Hong Kong will be built

into an “Airport City” in the future.

 The East-meets-West centre for international cultural

exchange : Hong Kong will strengthen its relationship with

overseas arts and cultural organisations and play a role in

promoting cultural exchange and mutual learning between East

and West.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 28 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Regional intellectual property trading centre : Hong

Kong will strengthen collaboration with the Mainland and

Macao authorities on intellectual property protection,

management and commercialisation.

Integrating Hong Kong into the overall national development:

 Active Participation in the “dual circulation”: Hong Kong is

a “participant” in domestic circulation and a “facilitator” of

international circulation of the national economic development.

Hong Kong can serve as a platform for Mainland enterprises to

“go global” and act as a “ super-connector ” through

professional services.

 Building the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater

Bay Area : Hong Kong will develop the Northern Metropolis

and seize the opportunities arising from the cooperation zone in

Qianhai, deepening the cooperation with Greater Bay Area

cities.

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following are the measures that China has
taken to promote the domestic circulation?
(1) Developing e-commerce
(2) Enhancing national security publicity and education
(3) Building international consumption centre cities
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ● ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 29 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
b. Which of the following are the measures taken by the
Central Government to enhance the level of opening-up?
(1) Promoting the joint development of the Belt and Road
Initiative
(2) Promoting the liberalisation of the service industry in an
orderly manner
(3) Expanding the Negative List for Foreign Investment Access
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ● ○ ○ ○

c. With which Mainland city does Hong Kong jointly develop

the San Tin Technopole?
A. Zhuhai
B. Huizhou
C. Shenzhen A B C D
D. Shanghai ○ ○ ● ○

3. Answer the following questions.

a. What are China’s strategic emerging industries? Give two examples. (2

marks)

Examples: new generation of information technology, new energy, new energy

vehicles

b. What are the completed cultural facilities in Hong Kong? Give two examples.

(2 marks)

Examples: M+ Museum, Xiqu Centre

c. What is the importance of developing innovation and technology? (2 marks)

The development of innovation and technology can drive industrial

development and promote industrial upgrading and transformation (1),

contributing to the economic development of the country (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 30 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 d. How can Hong Kong promote the development of innovation and technology?

(4 marks)

Hong Kong can develop infrastructure (1), such as collaborating with

Shenzhen to establish the San Tin Technopole, to promote innovation and

technology cooperation between the two regions, leveraging advantages of

complementarity and synergy (1). Additionally, Hong Kong can attract talent

(1). For example, it has implemented the Global STEM Professorship

Scheme to attract more renowned I&T scholars and their research teams to

Hong Kong to carry out I&T research and development activities, thereby

driving innovation. (1)

e. How can Hong Kong promote further opening up of our country? (4 marks)

Hong Kong can capitalise on its inherent advantages (1). For example, it can

leverage on its comprehensive and complete financial supporting facilities to

attract investment for Mainland enterprises and enable them to “go global”

(1). Additionally, Hong Kong can act as a “super-connector”. (1) By

participating in the Belt and Road Initiative and the development of the

Greater Bay Area, it can assist the country’s international circulation. (1)

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 31 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 2: The development of our country and the integration of Hong Kong into the
overall national development
Learning Focus 2: The development plans and policies related to Hong Kong and the
relationship with the promotion of the development of Hong Kong

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

Composition:

 The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area consists

of “2+9” cities, with Hong Kong , Macao ,

Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the four core

cities.

Main content:

 Developing an international innovation and technology

hub : The Greater Bay Area will explore policy measures

to facilitate the cross-boundary and regional flow of innovation

Development of
the Greater elements, and jointly develop a Greater Bay Area big data centre
Bay Area
as well as platforms for international innovation.

 Expediting infrastructural connectivity: The

Greater Bay Area will build a “12312” travel traffic circle in the

future. Geographical barriers in the region will gradually be

removed.

 Building a globally competitive modern industrial

system : The Greater Bay Area will develop the advanced

manufacturing industry, nurture strategic emerging industries,

accelerate the development of modern service industries, and

vigorously develop the marine economy.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 32 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Taking forward ecological conservation : The

Greater Bay Area will strengthen environmental protection and

management, and adopt an innovative, green and low-carbon

development model by establishing ecological protection

barriers.

 Developing a quality living circle for living, working

and travelling: The Outline Development Plan proposes to

protect, promote, and utilise the cultural heritage within the

Greater Bay Area, supporting the promotion of Lingnan culture

represented by Cantonese opera, dragon boat racing, martial

arts, and lion dance, among others, to jointly develop a cultured

bay area.

 Trade in goods : All goods of Hong Kong origin under

the CEPA rules can enjoy zero tariff preference upon

importation into the Mainland.

 Trade in services : Enterprises and individuals in

The Mainland service industries in Hong Kong can make use of preferential
and Hong
arrangements to carry out and expand business in various sectors
Kong Closer
Economic in the Mainland.
Partnership
 (Trade) Investment : Hong Kong investors can enjoy
Arrangement
(CEPA) investment protection and facilitation in the Mainland.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 33 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Economic and technical cooperation : The Mainland

and Hong Kong agreed to enhance cooperation in 22 areas,

including finance, legal and dispute resolution services,

intellectual property, and traditional Chinese medicine and

Chinese medicinal products industry.

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following are the features of the Greater Bay
Area?
(1) Its industrial structure is dominated by advanced
manufacturing and modern service industries.
(2) It has two separate market systems and two tax zones.
(3) The city cluster has complementary functions.
(4) It serves as a pilot area for China’s free trade zone strategy.
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ○ ● ○

b. Which of the following descriptions of the Greater Bay Area

cities and their development positioning are correct?
(1) Hong Kong: Developing into an international metropolis
with enhanced competitiveness
(2) Macao: Developing into a world-class tourism and leisure
centre
(3) Guangzhou: Developing into a commerce and trade
cooperation service platform between China and Lusophone
countries
(4) Shenzhen: Becoming a capital of innovation and creativity
with global influence
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ● ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 34 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
c. What measures has Hong Kong implemented to encourage
young people to pursue development opportunities in
Mainland cities within the Greater Bay Area?
(1) Funding Scheme for Youth Entrepreneurship in the
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
(2) Youth Employment and Training Programme
(3) Funding Scheme for Experiential Programmes at Innovation
and Entrepreneurial Bases in the GBA
(4) Greater Bay Area Youth Employment Scheme
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ○ ● ○

3. Answer the following questions.

a. Name two Mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area other than Guangzhou and

Shenzhen. (2 marks)

Examples: Zhuhai/ Foshan/ Huizhou/ Dongguan/ Zhongshan/ Jiangmen/ Zhaoqing

b. What are the transport infrastructures in Hong Kong connecting to the Greater

Bay Area? Give two examples. (2 marks)

Examples: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Hong Kong Section of the

Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 35 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 c. What development opportunities does the Greater Bay Area bring to Hong Kong?

(4 marks)

The Greater Bay Area can facilitate the diversified development of Hong

Kong. (1) Hong Kong can leverage complementary advantages with other

cities in the Greater Bay Area, creating new growth opportunities for the

financial industry and other service sectors, thereby driving development

across various local industries. (1) Additionally, the Greater Bay Area

provides Hong Kong people with more room for development. (1) The

Greater Bay Area cities offer the necessary infrastructure and support services

for small start-ups to expand the space for entrepreneurship for young people. (1)

d. What is the positive impact of the implementation of CEPA on Hong Kong?

(4 marks)

CEPA can promote stable development of Hong Kong’s economy. (1) Since the

launch of CEPA, Hong Kong has explored the Mainland professional service

market, and its trade surplus in services with the Mainland has continued to widen

(1). Additionally, CEPA helps establish the brand of “Made in Hong Kong”. (1)

Under the zero-tariff preference, the cost of Hong Kong-origin goods entering the

Mainland market is significantly reduced, allowing local businesses to sell Hong

Kong brands in the Mainland market. (1)

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 36 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 3: Participation in international affairs
Learning Focus 1: The notion of multifaceted diplomacy since the 21st century

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

 China pursues an independent foreign policy. Peace and

development are the cornerstone of China’s diplomacy.

China’s  Entering the 21st century, to establish the image of “responsible

diplomatic
power”, China began to provide more foreign aid and increased
principles and
development its participation in international affairs, moving towards

“ major country diplomacy ” with Chinese characteristics

and forming the multifaceted diplomacy.

Concept and notion:

 China has established a multifaceted diplomatic framework of

“ major powers as the key, the neighbourhood

as the priority, developing countries as the foundation,

and multilateralism as an important stage”.

 Multifaceted diplomacy emphasises that diplomacy is not only

Multifaceted one-way, but requires mutual exchanges, and balanced

diplomacy and full participation in international affairs.

 China is actively constructing a new type of international

relations/ a new model of major-country relationship

characterised by mutual respect and win-win cooperation, while

opposing power politics and hegemonism.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 37 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  China’s diplomacy advocates partnership rather than

alliance. It actively establishes partnerships with other countries,

with particular emphasis on the relations with developing

countries.

 The fundamental principle of China’s neighborhood diplomacy

is pursuing friendship and partnership with its neighbouring

countries , and adhering to building a harmonious, secure and

prosperous neighbourhood with win-win cooperation.

 China proposed the building of a community with a shared

future for mankind . The goal is to build an open, inclusive,

clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal

security and common prosperity.

Diplomacy in various areas:

 Energy diplomacy: China signed an agreement with

Russia on a natural gas cooperation project. It has also pushed

forward energy cooperation with the Belt and Road countries

and developed a natural gas pipeline in Central Asia.

 Cultural diplomacy: China emphasises respect for

the diversity of civilisations and promotes cultural exchange to

resolve conflicts.

 Medical diplomacy: China strengthens its friendly

cooperative relations with recipient countries, including

providing medical assistance, developing medical organisations,

and training local professional medical staff.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 38 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Trade diplomacy: China has actively promoted the

formation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic

Partnership (RCEP) in Southeast Asia. It has also proposed the

Belt and Road Initiative to promote more comprehensive

regional economic cooperation.

Multifaceted diplomacy

Major powers are the key, the neighbourhood is the priority, developing countries

are the foundation, and multilateralism is an important stage.

China participates in international affairs in different areas.

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following are examples of China building a
balanced relationship with major countries?
(1) China and Russia have developed the “China-Russia
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of Coordination for a
New Era”.
(2) China and the United States began a trade war.
(3) China has established a “comprehensive strategic partnership”
with Europe.
(4) Leaders of China and European countries have set up the
regular meeting mechanism.
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ○ ● ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 39 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
b. Which of the following are examples of China’s development
of neighbourhood diplomacy?
(1) China has expressed its willingness to jointly abide by the
“Code of Conduct in the South China Sea” with ASEAN
countries.
(2) China established the ASEAN–China Free Trade Area.
(3) China established the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation.
(4) China formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation with
Central Asian countries.
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ● ○ ○

c. Which of the following are examples of China’s practice of

cultural diplomacy?
(1) China and the Belt and Road countries have jointly applied
for inscriptions on UESCO’s World Heritage List.
(2) China has set up the Confucius Institutes in Germany.
(3) China announced the establishment of the China South-
South Climate Cooperation Fund.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ● ○ ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 40 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
3. Answer the following questions.
a. What are the basic principles of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence?

Name two. (2 marks)

Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity/ Mutual non-aggression/

Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs/ Equality and mutual benefit/

Peaceful coexistence

b. State one of China’s principles in carrying out multilateral diplomatic activities.

(1 mark)

Example: Upholding the international system with the United Nations at its core

c. What international organisations is China a member of? Give two examples.

(2 marks)

Examples: World Trade Organization, World Health Organization

d. Why does China have to actively participate in international affairs? (2 marks)

Example: The world situation continues to be turbulent (1), with regional

conflicts, refugee crises, and other globally concerning issues requiring

resolution through international cooperation and negotiation. As a responsible

major power, China will work together with other countries to address these

challenges (1).

e. Explain the importance of China’s development of energy diplomacy.

(2 marks)

Energy diplomacy can safeguard national security (1). Establishing energy

diplomatic relations with other countries can ensure a secure and stable energy

supply, guarantee reasonable and stable energy prices, thereby ensuring

energy security and safeguarding national security (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 41 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 3: Participation in international affairs
Learning Focus 2: Actions and initiatives: rescues of various nature and assistance to
other countries; setting up international organisations and organising international
forums; the Belt and Road Initiative

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

 Humanitarian rescue after natural disasters:

Based on humanitarianism, China has been providing foreign

aid, including emergency relief supplies, food aid and post-

disaster reconstruction.

 Support to other countries: China constructs infrastructure

and provides economic, talent, and technological support to

enhance the recipient countries’ capacity for self-reliance/

Rescues of
various nature independent development .
and assistance to  Operations to maintain regional peace: China actively
other countries
participates in United Nations peacekeeping operations .

Currently, China is the largest troop-contributing country

among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.

 Anti-terrorism: In 2015, the Central Government passed the

Counterterrorism Law of the People’s Republic of China/

Counterterrorism Law to prevent the spread of terrorism

by law.

 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation : It is the first

Setting up and international regional cooperation organisation advocated by

organising
China and named after a Chinese city.
international
organisations

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 42 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  BRICS : Including China, Russia, India, Brazil and

South Africa, it is a cooperation mechanism between emerging

markets and developing countries.

 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank/ AIIB :

Established in 2015, it is the first multilateral development

organisation organised by China to provide infrastructure

financing in Asia.

 Boao Forum for Asia : It is the first international

forum based in Asia which reviews major economic issues in

the world from the Asian viewpoint.

 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation : It is a

mechanism for collective dialogue between China and African

countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. It seeks

to strengthen China-Africa trade ties through meetings.

Organising
international  Eco Forum Global Guiyang : It is the only
forums
international high-end summit at the national level in China

with the theme of ecological conservation.

 Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations : It

is an important dialogue cooperation mechanism built by

China targeting Asia. It carries out equal dialogues with

various countries through a series of activities to create better

conditions for promoting cultural exchange.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 43 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 Content:

 It was proposed by Xi Jinping in 2013. Using

“ six corridors and six channels serving multiple countries

and ports ” as the framework, it is the world’s largest

economic corridor.

 The cooperation principles are “ wide consultation , joint

contributions and shared benefits ”; the objectives are

“ high-standard , sustainable and people-centred

progress ”.

Focuses of cooperation:

 Policy coordination : The Belt and Road Initiative

The Belt and
attaches importance to the cooperation among the
Road Initiative
governments of various countries. It expands shared interests

through policy exchange, enhances mutual political trust, and

reaches new cooperation consensus.

 Facilities connectivity : The Belt and Road Initiative

promotes the improvement of large-scale transportation

infrastructure and facilitates connectivity among different

regions, aiming to reduce transaction costs during

transportation.

 Unimpeded trade : The Belt and Road Initiative

advocates removing the trade barriers among countries and

coordinating clearance, logistics and certification standards.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 44 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Financial integration : The Belt and Road Initiative

deepens financial cooperation to jointly invest in the

construction of infrastructure in the Belt and Road countries.

 People-to-people bonds : The Belt and Road

Initiative focuses on building people-to-people bonds and

promotes extensive cultural, academic, and personnel

exchanges.

Multifaceted diplomacy

Providing rescues of Setting up and

Organising Proposing the
various nature and organising
international Belt and Road
assistance to other international
forums Initiative
countries organisations

Building a community with a shared future for mankind

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following agencies in China is responsible for
foreign aid?
A. China International Development Cooperation Agency
B. National Development and Reform Commission
C. Ministry of Foreign Affairs A B C D
D. Ministry of Emergency Management ● ○ ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 45 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
b. Which of the following is an example of “unimpeded trade”
in the Belt and Road Initiative?
A. Launching various measures for customs clearance
facilitation
B. Creating international tourist routes and products with Silk
Road features
C. Establishing the Silk Road Fund A B C D
D. Building the Myanmar-China Oil & Gas Pipelines ● ○ ○ ○

c. Which of the following are infrastructure projects of the Belt

and Road Initiative?
(1) China-Laos Railway
(2) Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link
(3) China-Turkey high-speed rail
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ● ○ ○

3. Answer the following questions.

a. Explain the importance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).

(2 marks)

Example: The AIIB promotes the economic development of its member

countries (1) by financing infrastructure projects to foster connectivity and

economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region (1).

b. What problems are African countries facing in their development? Give one

example and explain how China can help resolve this problem. (2 marks)

African countries face a lack of investment from enterprises, resulting in slow

industrial and commercial development (1). China provides gratis assistance

and loans on favourable terms, as well as constructing economic infrastructure

in the local areas, to promote comprehensive economic development (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 46 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 c. What is the significance of China’s participation in international rescues?

(4 marks)

China’s participation in international rescues, such as constructing

infrastructure in developing countries, providing loans amd nurturing talents

(1) can help recipient countries build up their self-development capacity (1).

Moreover, China actively participates in mediating the hot issues in various

regions such as East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa. It proposes

resolving crises peacefully through dialogues and negotiation. (1) This can

help maintain regional stability. (1)

d. What challenges does China’s economic development face? Give one example

and explain how the Belt and Road Initiative can address this challenge.

(2 marks)

China faces the problem of overcapacity (1). The Belt and Road Initiative

promotes infrastructure construction in countries along the route, such as

railways, ports and highways, which can utilise raw materials such as steel and

cement, giving full play to the highly efficient domestic productivity (1).

e. What are the positive impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative? (4 marks)

The Belt and Road Initiative promotes “facilities connectivity”, which can

shorten transportation time and reduce transportation costs, driving the

development of multiple developing countries along the routes (1) and

promoting global economic development (1). Additionally, the initiative

advocates for “people-to-people bonds” by encouraging youth exchanges and

cooperation, which helps nurture technological and innovative talents in the

countries along the routes (1) and promotes innovative development (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 47 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
Topic 3: Participation in international affairs
Learning Focus 3: Impact of participation in international affairs on the country’s
overall development, and the active role played by Hong Kong

1. Fill in the blanks with the suitable answers.

Safeguarding an environment conducive to the development of

the country:

 Maintaining international order : China abides by

the United Nations Charter and engages in peacekeeping work,

resolving conflicts through peaceful dialogues, and

safeguarding a stable international environment.

 Maintaining the safety of the surrounding area: China

promotes a regional cooperation mechanism with its

neighbouring countries. China strengthens exchanges and

Impact of cooperation with neighbouring countries in the field of
participation in
international security, ensuring collective security in the surrounding area.
affairs on the
country’s overall
development Promoting economic, trade and cultural exchanges:

 Promoting trade development: Since China’s accession to

the World Trade Organization, it has gradually integrated into

the global economic/ international trade system, resulting

in more prosperous domestic trade development.

 Promoting arts and cultural exchange: China establishes

Chinese cultural centres in various locations, organising

exchange activities to enhance mutual understanding between

Chinese and foreign people to promote people-to-people

bonds.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 48 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
  Preserving cultural heritage : Since its accession to

the World Heritage Convention, China has registered the most

recognised world heritage sites, natural heritage sites and

cultural and natural (mixed) sites in the world.

Increasing international status and influence:

 Strengthening international discourse power/

international influence : China actively participates in

the formulation of international rules and its leadership

capabilities in international affairs are gradually increasing.

 Promoting new cooperation systems : China

advocates for the improvement of existing international

systems through initiatives such as the Shanghai Cooperation

Organisation, the Boao Forum for Asia, and the BRICS

Leaders’ Summit mechanism.

 Promoting global economic development: China

has maintained its position as the world’s top contributor to

global economic growth for thirteen consecutive years. It has

continuously increased its commitment and financial

contributions to international organisations, becoming the

primary driving force behind global economic development.

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 49 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
 Hong Kong’s unique advantages:

 Institutional advantages: Under the “one country, two

systems”, Hong Kong can use the name “ Hong Kong,

China ” to participate in international intergovernmental

organisations limited to states. Hong Kong’s judiciary system

is sound and complete. It is the only region in China that

The active role implements the common law .

played by Hong
 Highly internationalised : Hong Kong people are
Kong in the
country’s accustomed to communicating with biliteracy and
participation in
trilingualism, making Hong Kong an important bridge for
international
affairs communication between Mainland China and the world.

 Sound infrastructure : Hong Kong has sound

infrastructure with a well-developed power system and airport,

and highway, container terminal and Internet networks.

 Outstanding geographical location : Hong Kong is

an important shipping crossing between the Pacific and Indian

Ocean and a shipping and trade centre in Asia.

2. Blacken the circle of the correct answer.

a. Which of the following are new models of economic
cooperation promoted by China?
(1) BRICS Leaders’ Summit mechanism
(2) Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific
Partnership
(3) “16+1” cooperation model with Central and Eastern
European countries
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only A B C D
D. (1), (2) and (3) ○ ● ○ ○

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 50 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
b. Which is a world heritage jointly declared by China and
other countries?
A. Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
B. Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City
C. Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement A B C D
D. Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan
○ ○ ○ ●
Corridor

c. Which of the following are examples of China promoting

regional cooperation?
(1) Engaging in bilateral negotiations with neighbouring
countries
(2) Taking the lead in diplomatic affairs with all neighbouring
countries
(3) Implementing the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in
the South China Sea
(4) Participating in international organisations related to regional
security
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ○ ● ○

d. Which of the following advantages make Hong Kong an

international financial centre?
(1) High tax system
(2) A large number of financial talents
(3) Sound legal system
(4) Complete network coverage
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only A B C D
D. (2), (3) and (4) only ○ ○ ○ ●

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 51 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.
3. Answer the following questions.
a. How does China resolve land border issues? (1 mark)

China signs border treaties with land countries through bilateral negotiations.

b. What are the benefits of China’s integration into the international trade system?

(2 marks)

China aligns with international rules, gradually improves and perfects its market

economy legal system, making the market competition environment in China

more free, fair, and orderly (1), which helps attract foreign investment (1).

c. How can Hong Kong help the country expand its connection overseas?

(4 marks)

Hong Kong can assist the country in expanding its foreign trade and economic

relations (1), for example, by leveraging its status as an international financial

centre to attract investment for Mainland Chinese enterprises and strengthen

Hong Kong’s role as a crucial gateway for capital flows into and out of the

Mainland (1). Additionally, Hong Kong can also contribute to promoting

cultural exchanges (1), such as constructing cultural facilities to promote and

preserve Chinese culture, and collaborating with overseas cultural institutions to

enable Chinese culture to “go global” (1).

CS Exam Revision (Teacher’s Edition) 52 ©2023 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company Ltd.