Review Module – Strength of Materials 2
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE AXIAL MEMBERS THERMAL DEFORMATION
Axial deformation,
𝑷𝑳 𝛅𝐓 = 𝛂𝐋𝚫𝐓
𝜹=
𝑨𝑬 Where:
Axial stress, δT = the algebraic change in the length of the member
𝑷 α = linear coefficient of thermal deformation
𝝈=
𝑨 L = the original length of the member
Where: ΔT = the algebraic change in temperature of the member
δ= axial deformation
𝜎= axial/ normal stress SITUATION. A composite bar is comprised of brass and copper rod as
P= force normal to the area under stress shown. A load P= 25 kN is applied at 25°C. Find the stresses in the
L= length of the member materials when the temperature rises to 50°C. For copper, E = 120 GPa
A= cross-sectional area of stressed member and α = 18 x 10-6/°C. For brass, E = 90 GPa and α = 20 x 10-6/°C.
E= modulus of elasticity of the material
800 mm 1000 mm
SITUATION. A 2 m length reinforced concrete column is to carry an axial
load of 500 kN. The diameter of the column is 300 mm and is reinforced 40 ∅ P 25 ∅
with 6- 25 mm Ø bars. B COPPER C
1. Solve the stresses in concrete and steel. Use Ec= 24 GPa and A BRASS E= 120 GPa
Es= 200 GPa. E= 90 GPa -6
-6 ∝= 18x10 /°𝐶
2. Solve the deformation in concrete and steel. ∝= 20x10 /°𝐶
6. If the support is unyielding.
3. A rigid block of mass M is supported by three symmetrically 7. If the left support yields by 0.1 mm.
spaced rods as shown in the figure. Each copper has an area
of 900 mm2, E= 120 GPa, and an allowable stress of 70 MPa. TORSIONAL MEMBERS
The steel rod has an area of 1200 mm2, E= 200 GPa, and an
Torsional Shear Stress:
allowable stress of 140 MPa. Determine the largest mass M 𝑻𝝆
that can be supported. 𝝉=
𝑱
𝑻𝒓
M 𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝑱
Angle of Twist:
𝑳
𝑻
𝜽=∫ 𝒅𝒙
copper
copper
𝑱𝑮
steel
160 𝟎
𝑻𝑳
𝜽=
𝑱𝑮
Power Transmission:
𝑷 = 𝑻𝝎
80
𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅𝑻𝒇
[Measurements are in mm]
Where:
T = Torque θ = Angle of Twist
SITUATION. The rigid bar of negligible weight is pinned at O and L = Length of the Member ω = Angular Velocity in rad/s
attached to two vertical rods. Assuming that the rods were initially stress- J = Polar Moment of Inertia f = frequency in cycles/s
free: G = Modulus of Rigidity/Shear Modulus
2.0 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
8. Determine the diameter of an aluminum solid shaft which will
O STEEL
2
BRASS
2
transmit 250 kW at 200 rpm. The maximum shear stress
A= 800 mm A= 250 mm
E= 200 GPa E= 83 GPa should not exceed 35 N/mm2 and twist should not be more
L= 1.5 m
P
L= 2.0 m
than 2° in a shaft length of 1.5 m. Take modulus of rigidity = 24
GPa.
(Similar to Nov 2024) SITUATION. A steel shaft is subject to the given
4. What is the largest load P that can be applied without load.
exceeding stresses of 125 MPa in the steel rod and 60 MPa in 9. Find the maximum shear stress if the outside diameter of the
the brass rod? shaft is 50 mm and the thickness is 5 mm. Use Gst= 85 GPa
5. What are the stresses acting on the steel and brass rod? 10. Find the angle of twist of the shaft considering a solid shaft with
a diameter of 40 mm.
Review Module – Strength of Materials 2
15. Determine the number of 10-mm diameter steel bolts that must be
used on the 400-mm bolt circle to increase the torque capacity to 9
180 N
kN-m.
180 N
L= 1350 mm
SPRINGS
Maximum Shearing Stress:
16𝑃𝑅 𝑑
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3
(1 + )
𝜋𝑑 4𝑅
Wahl Correction (For heavy springs):
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE TORSIONAL 16𝑃𝑅 4𝑚 − 1 0.615
MEMBERS 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( + )
𝜋𝑑 3 4𝑚 − 4 𝑚
SITUATION. A stepped shaft fixed at two ends as shown is subjected to 2𝑅
𝑚=
a torque of 300 Nm at section B. The larger section is of aluminum and 𝑑
the smaller is of steel. GS = 82 GPa and GA = 27 GPa.
Elongation of the Spring:
11. Determine the maximum stress in the steel section. 64𝑃𝑅3 𝑛
𝛿=
12. Determine the maximum stress in the aluminum section. 𝐺𝑑 4
Where:
P= force applied on the spring
R= mean radius
D= diameter of the wire
N=number of coils
K= spring stiffness
13. A composite shaft is made by enclosing a solid aluminum rod, 60
mm ø, in a brass tube 5 mm thick. Determine the maximum shear Springs in Series: Springs in Parallel:
stress in each material when a 3 kN-m torque is applied to the end 1 1 1
= + 𝐾 = 𝐾1 + 𝐾2
plate. Use G = 40 GPa for brass and 28 GPa for aluminum. 𝐾 𝐾1 𝐾2
FLANGED BOLT COUPLINGS
SITUATION. A flanged bolt coupling consists of six 10-mm diameter
steel bolts on a bolt circle 400 mm in diameter, and four 10-mm diameter
steel bolts on a concentric bolt circle 300 mm in diameter.
14. What torque can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress of
60 MPa in the bolts?
Review Module – Strength of Materials 2
16. Two close-coiled concentric helical springs of the same length are
wound out of the same wire, circular in cross-section, and support
a compressive load, P. The inner spring consists of 20 turns of mean
diameter 16 cm and the outer spring has 18 turns of mean diameter
20 cm. Calculate the maximum stress produced in each spring if the
diameter of the wire = 1 cm and P = 1000 N.
SITUATION. A composite spring consists of two close – coiled helical
springs connected in series. Each spring has 14 coils at a mean diameter
of 20 mm. The stiffness of the composite spring is 800 N/m. Take G = 78
GPa.
17. If the wire diameter of one spring is 2.5 mm, find the wire diameter
of the other.
18. What is the total deflection if the composite spring is subjected to a
maximum load of 18 N?
19. A helical spring is composed of 20 turns of 20-mm diameter wire on
a mean radius of 90 mm. What is the maximum shearing stress
(MPa) in the spring when it is supporting a 1.5kN load. Use G=83
GPa. Apply Wahl correction.
