WEEK 1 : INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF ARTS

HUMANITIES
 Humanities came from the Latin word humanus meaning refined, cultured
and human.
 study of the different cultural aspect ofman, his frailties in life and how it
can be improved
 records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks
about himself and about life
 are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts
 emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative
expressions
 aimed to shape students subjective energies (feelings, attitudes and
aspirations)
IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES
 Man needs an image of himself
 Understanding of his natures
 Necessary fir the development of a complete, social man
 Provides man with a measure of his own passion and desire
 Regulate man’s behavior
ETYMOLOGY OF ARTS
 ART comes from the Aryan root word AR which means to put together
 Latin word ARS which means skills/ability cover those areas of artistic
creativity -embraces the visual arts, literature, music and dance
 expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill
& imagination
PURPOSE OF THE ARTS
1. Create beauty
2. Provide decoration
3. Reveal truth
4. Immortalize
5. Express religious values
6. Record and commemorate experience
7. Create order & harmony
 WEEK 2: ASSUMPTIONS AND NATURE OF ART

ASSUMPTION IN ARTS
1. Art involves experience; there can never be appreciation of art without
experience.
2. Art is not nature; Nature is not art.
- Art is made by human and nature is God’s made
- Artist frequently find their inspiration and subject matter in nature, artist
do use nature as medium, but art itself is not nature.
3. Art is made by man
4. Art is everywhere
5. Art is man’s oldest means of expression;
6. Art as a means of expression & communication.

HISTORY OF PAINTINGS
1. PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS
 According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to Upper
Paleolithic Age, several thousands of years before the current era. Pre-
historic men, with their crude instruments, already showcased and
manifested earliest attempts at recording man’s innermost interests,
preoccupations, and thoughts.
 The humanities, then, ironically, have started even before the term has
been coined. Human persons have long been exercising what it means to
be a human long before he was even aware of his being one. The
humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this magnificent phenomenon.
Any human person, then, is tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in
this long tradition of humanizing himself.
CHIAROSCURO
 Chiaroscuro is an artistic technique that uses strong contrasts between
light and dark to create a sense of depth, volume, and drama in an image.
The term comes from the Italian words chiaro (light) and scuro (dark).
 Chiaroscuro has been used in Western art since the Renaissance, with
artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Caravaggio mastering the technique to
enhance realism. The method became a defining feature of the Baroque
period, particularly in the works of Caravaggio and Rembrandt, who used
it to create intense, dramatic compositions.
Characteristics:
 High Contrast: The stark difference between light and dark areas makes
subjects appear three-dimensional.
 Dramatic Lighting: Often, a single light source illuminates a subject while
the background remains dark.
 Emotional Impact: The technique can create a sense of mystery,
tension, or theatricality.
 Focus on Form and Texture: The interplay of light and shadow
enhances details, giving a sculptural effect.
WEEK 3: FUNCTION AND EXPRESSIONS OF ART

POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS

1. VISUAL ARTS
 Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely more exposed to,
but its variations are so diverse they range from sculptures that you see in
art galleries to the last movie you saw.
 Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, lettering,
printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
2. FILM
 refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order to
create an illusion of movement.
 Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and social value and is
considered as both an art and an industry.
3. PERFORMANCE ART
 is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body which he or
she uses to perform, but also employs other kind of art such as visual art,
props.
4. POETRY PERFORMANCE
 is an artform where the artist expresses his emotions not by using paint,
charcoal, or camera, but expresses them through words.
5. ARCHITECTURE
 is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of
structures.
 It is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” because it houses,
serves as background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art.
 Materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel,
glass, and plaster.
6. DANCE
 is series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music
accompaniment.
 (French dancier), generally referes to human movement either used as a
form of expression or presented in a social spiritual or performance
setting.
 Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does
this.
7. LITERARY ART
 goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic, and other
technical form of writing.
 It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific form or
norm.
 It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies and
poems.

8. THEATER
 uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live
audience.
 performance usually follows a script, though they should not be confused
with literary arts.
9. APPLIED ART
 incorporate elements of style and design to everyday items with
the aim of increasing their aesthetical value.
 Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into many things that
are useful in everyday life.

THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

1. ART AS THERAPY
 In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as therapy for
individuals with a variety of illnesses, both physical and mental.
2. ART AS ARTIFACT
 Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a particular time and
place, an artwork represents the ideas and technology of that
specific time and place.
 As we look back over history, we find in art striking, and in some
cases, the only, tangible records of some peoples.
 The insights we gain into cultures, including our own are enhanced
tremendously by such artifacts as paintings, sculptures, poems,
plays, and buildings.
3. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART
 The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective. This
means that its function depend on the person- the artist who created
the art.
4. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
 Art is considered to have a social function if and when it
addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to a personal
interest.
 Political art is a very common example of an art with a social
function.
 Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or whatever
message the artist intends his work to carry.
5. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART
 The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are
crafted in order to serve some physical purpose.
6. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART4
 Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in relation to function.
 Music in its original form was principally functional.
 Music was used for dance and religion. Unlike today, when one
can just listen to music for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient world saw
music only as an instrument to facilities worship and invocation to gods.
 Music also was essential to dance because music assures synchronicity
among dancers.
 Art as a Representation
 Art as a Disinterested Judgment
 Art as a Communication of Emotion

SUBJECT IN ART
 refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from
examining the artwork.
TYPES OF SUBJECT
1. Representational art
 These types of art have subjects that refer to object or events occurring in
the real world.
 Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as the name suggest, the
figures depicted are easy to makes out and decipher.
 Example: Mona Lisa
2. Non-Representational art
 This art does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a
person, place, thing, or even a particular event.
 It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes, lines, emotion, and
even concept.
 Example: Jackson Pollack, detail of “number 1A”

Sources of Subject
1. Nature - “Die Ebene von Auvers” by Van Gogh
2. History- Battle of Waterloo
3. Greek and Roman Mythology- Discobolus by sculptor Myron of 450-440
BC
4. Sacred Oriental Texts- “Shah Jahan Receiving Dara Shikoh”
5. Judeo- Christian Tradition- “Sistene Chapel by Michelangelo

CONTENT IN ART
 Is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the
artwork.
LEVELS OF MEANING
1. FACTUAL
 pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and
understanding how these elements relate to one another.
2. CONVENTIONAL
 pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning.
 These conventions are established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and
scholars who study then.
3. SUBJECTIVITIES
 When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meaning may arise when a
particular work of art is read.
 These meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that
come into play when engaging with art.
WEEK 4: ARTIST AND ARTISAN

WHO IS AN ARTIST?
 An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
 This captures all forms of art.
 is an art practitioner such as painter, sculptor,choreographer, dancer,
musician, etc. who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with
aesthetic value using imagination.
 The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for the sake of art
itself without needing any ulterior motives.

WHAT IS AN ARTISAN?
 An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
 This includes various objects ranging from jewelry to furniture.
 An artisan is able to produce something that has a functional value;
although it should not be limited to its use value alone.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTIST AND ARTISAN

Definitions of Artist and Artisan:

• Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
• Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:
1. Artistic Value:
• Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
• Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
2. Functional Value:
• Artist: The object has no functional value.
• Artisan: The object has a functional value.
3. Object:
• Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this
quality as it pleases the individual.
• Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.

THE CREATION OR ARTIST AND ARTISAN

1. COLOGNE CATHEDRAL IN GERMANY

 An examples of early Gothic architecture.
 This is also a collaboration between the artist who made the
design and the
 Artisan who help in the construction of the whole building.
2. ARTISAN AND GUILDS
 Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with
rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities.
 With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade, an artisans develops
immense skill and expertise in his craft.
3. PHILIPPINE ARTISANS: CHURCH OF THE MOST HOLY TRINITY IN
LOAY, BOHOL
 Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint, and engrave
images for churches and public sites.
ART CURATOR
 are employed by museums and art galleries to design, develop and
manage installations and exhibits.
 This requires them to acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and
help maintain museum collections.
 Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art, like Western, Asian
or contemporary art.
 The job duties of a curator are vast.
 They may put on public events like lectures and workshops, write grants
and conduct fundraising activities.
 In addition, they conduct research projects and write papers for
publication.
ROLE OF AN ART CURATOR
 the role of the curator is more of the interpretation and development of the
artwork(s) or the collection(s) through establishing the significance,
relationship, and relevance of these materials in isolation and/or as part of
a wider narrative.
 Some of the roles expected of curators are the ability to research and
write, as an arbiter of design and layout , and deciding for the display and
hanging of materials for exhibition.

MAJOR AWARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. The Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of national
Artist)
2. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan GAMABA (National LivingTreasures
Award). 1992
WEEK 5: ELEMENTS OF ART

THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

1. LINE
 is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline.
 It can create texture and can be thick and thin.
 Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it can also serve as
the content itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional
or intellectual response from a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).
 is an important element at the disposal of every artist.
 always has direction, always moving.
 as used in any work of art, may either be straight or curved.
 Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are made
on any surface with a moving point

TYPES OF LINES
 Vertical Lines
- are poised for action.
- They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic.
- They express an impression of dignity.
- Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly feeling
 Horizotal Lines
- are lines of repose and serenity.
- They express ideas of calmness and quiescence
- Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of peacefulness and
stillness.
 Diagonal Lines
- are used to create feelings of movement or action
 Curved Lines
- sometimes referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or sexiness.

MAIN TYPES OF LINE

 Repetition - occures when two or more lines are drawn within a corner
following the lines of the corner.
 Contrast - lines that are opposition to each other
 Transition - is line that connects two workflow elements
- allow you to define what the next step in a workflow be.

2. COLORS
 Refers to the visual perception of light being reflected from a surface of an
artwork.

CLASSIFICATION OF COLORS
 Primary (blue, yellow, red)
- can make all the other colors by mixing different amount of primary
colors
 Secondary (orange, green, violet)
- combination of two primary color
 Tertiary
ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR
 HUE - is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly referred to by
the "color names" - red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which appear
in the hue circle or rainbow.
 Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three basic hues, known as
primaries
 Color wheel - is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around
a circle, that shows relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary
colors, etc
 Value - refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is the quality which
depends on th amount of light and dark in color.
 Tints - are values above the normal
 Shades are values below the normal.
 Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It gives color
strength. When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. When it
is dulled, it is said to be partly neutralized.
 Psychology of Colors
- Black is associated with death and gloom
- White stands for purity and innocence
- Red is associated with blood, anger, and fear
- Green implies happiness and abundance
 Meaning of the colors conveyed by the rose
- Red roses also mean courage and fortitude
- Yellow roses stand for freedom
- Red and Yellow stand for jovial or happy feelings
- Orange roses speak of enthusiasm and desire
- Red and White convey unity
- Red is for “I love you”
- Pink conveys “Thank you”
- White says “You are heavenly”
- Coral speaks of desire.
- White roses denote secrecy, reverence and humility.
- Deep pink roses convey gratitude and appreciation.
- Light pink express sympathy, grace and gentility

3. TEXTURE
 is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch.
 applies to how an object feels or appears to feel.
 can be either implied or actual.
 It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or
smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.
 Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For
example, a painting of a blanket might convey the idea that the blanket is
soft.
 Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt. For
example, a ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that could be felt
when holding that bowl.
4. PERSPECTIVE
 Deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by
means of which the eye judges spatial relationships.
KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE
 Linear perspective
- is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of
converging lines.
- It has to do with the direction of lines and with the size of objects.
- Foreshortening isthe representation of objects or parts of the
body as smaller from the point of view of the observer.
 Aerial perspective
- is the representation of relative distances of objects by
gradations of tone or color.
- Objects become fainter in the distance due to the effect of the
atmosphere.
- Objects appear to be lighter in color as they recede into the
distance or atmosphere.

5. SPACE
 refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created.
 It can also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art.
 When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is the actual
volume that is taken up by the artwork.
 refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a
piece.
 Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark),open or
closed, shallow or deep and two-dimensional or three- dimensional.
 Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is.
 Positive space - the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas
of interest.
 Negative space – areas around the subjects, or areas of interest.

6. FORM
 applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
 It describes the structure or shape of an object.
 refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form is an art term that is
only applied to those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as
sculpture and pottery.
 much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have
hard lines and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.
TYPES OF FORM
 Organic forms
- such as these snow-covered boulders typically are irregular in
outline, and often asymmetrical.
- Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally occurring.
 Geometric forms
- are those which correspond to named regular shapes, such as
squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and other regular forms.

7. VOLUME
 refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions.
 It refers to solidity or thickness.