The phenomenon of change of matter from one state to another

and back to the original state is called interconversion of states of

matter.
This happens by change in temperature and change in pressure.

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Some Important terms:
Melting: The process of changing a solid into a liquid is called melting.
The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes into a
liquid.
Example: When we heat an ice cube, it melts and turns into liquid
water. The melting point of ice is 0°C.

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Freezing: The process of changing a liquid into a solid is called
freezing. The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid
changes into a solid.
Example: When we put liquid water in the freezer, it loses heat and
freezes, forming ice. The freezing point of water is also 0°C.
Evaporation: The process of changing a liquid into a gas is called
evaporation. It takes place at all temperatures.
Example: When water is left in an open container, it slowly
evaporates and turns into water vapor. This process is commonly
observed when clothes dry after being washed.
Boiling: The process of changing a liquid into a gas at a specific i
temperature throughout the liquid is called boiling. The temperature
at which a liquid boils is known as its boiling point. !
Example: When we heat water in a kettle, it reaches its boiling point
and starts boiling, forming steam. The boiling point of water is 100°C. I
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Condensation: The process of changing a gas into a liquid is called
condensation. It occurs when a gas loses heat energy and turns into I
a liquid. I
Example: When steam comes in contact with a cold surface, such as a I
mirror, it condenses and forms water droplets. This phenomenon is
i commonly observed in when you put a plate covering hot bowl if
maggie, the vapours forms droplets.
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Sublimation: It is the process in which a solid directly changes into
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a gas without passing through the liquid state.
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Example: Camphor(kapur), when heated, undergoes sublimation. It
! changes from a solid to a gas without forming a liquid in between. i
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"I Effect of Change in Temperature O

As we know on increasing temperature, the kinetic energy of the

particles increases. cris
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Due to the increase in kinetic energy, the particles start vibrating with
greater speed. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of
attraction between the particles. The particles leave their fixed
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positions and start moving more freely.

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And as the free space increases it means solid is converting into

liquid. A stage is reached (melting point) when the solid melts and is
converted to a liquid.
Now, as we further increase the temperature, the force of attraction
between the particles becomes more weak and they more more freely
and a stage is reached (boiling point) when the liquid boils and is
converted into gas. l
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And do you know opposite is also true- decreasing the temperature by

cooling, a gas can be converted into liquid and a liquid can be
converted into solid state. -

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