DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability

Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

ANSWER KEYS
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (4)
9. (3) 10. (1) 11. (4) 12. (3) 13. (3) 14. (1) 15. (4) 16. (1)
17. (1) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (1) 21. (2) 22. (3) 23. (1) 24. (1)
25. (4) 26. (1) 27. (4) 28. (1) 29. (1) 30. (4) 31. (4) 32. (1)
33. (4) 34. (3) 35. (1) 36. (2) 37. (4) 38. (3) 39. (1) 40. (4)

1. (3)
Let,
1 1
L = lim [− ]
− x x
1
x→ ( − )
3

1 −1
= lim [ ]
−1 −1
h→0 ( −h ) −h
3 3

3 −3
= lim [ ]
−1−3h −1−3h
h→0

3 3
= lim [ ]
−(1+3h) 1+3h
h→0

3
= −3 × 2 [∵ 2 < < 3]
1+3h

= −6

2. 2 −1 4

(1) 4 1−3x+x x −1
lim [( − ) + 3 ]
2 −1 3 3 −1
x −x 1−x x −x
x→1

2 −1 4
3x ( x −1 )
4x 1−3x+x
= lim [( − ) + ]
3 3 4
x −1 1−x x −1
x→1

2 −1
4x+1−3x+x
= lim [( ) + 3x]
3
x −1
x→1

= lim [x − 1 + 3x]= 3.
x→1

3. (4)
We have
5
4√2− ( cos x+sin x )
lim
π 1−sin 2x
x→
4

Using (sin x + cos x) 2

= sin
2
x + cos
2
x + 2 sin x cos x = 1 + sin 2x

5 5
5
2 2 5
2 2 − [ ( cos x+sin x ) ] 2 2
( 1+sin 2x ) −2
= lim = lim
π 2− ( 1+sin 2x ) x ( 1+sin 2x ) −2
x→ x→
4 4

5 5

t 2 −2 2

= lim
t−2
, where t = 1 + sin 2x
t→2
5

=
5

2
× (2) 2
−1
= 5√ 2 .
Therefore, value of a is 5.
4. (3)
Let, L =
x+2 sin x
lim
2 √ 2
x→0 √1+2 sin x+x – sin x–x+1

√ 2
( x+2 sin x ) ( √x +2 sin x+1 +
2
sin x−x+1 )

= lim
2 2
x→0 x +2 sin x –sin x+x

sin x 2
) ( √x +2 sin x+1+√sin x−x+1 )
2
( 1+2
x

= lim
sin x sin
2
x
,
x→0 x+2 − +1
x x

using standard trigonometric limit lim

sin x

x
= 1
x→0

( 1+2 ) ( 1+1 )
=
2+1

=
3 × 2

3
= 2 .

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

40 5

5. (3) lim
( 2x+1 ) ( 4x−1 )

45
x→∞ ( 2x+3 )

40 5
1 1
( 2+ ) ( 4− )

(Dividing numerator and denominator by x45)

x x

= lim
45
x→∞ 3
( 2+ )
x

40 5
2 4
=
45
2

5
= 2 = 32

6. (2)
It is given that
sin x
(2 −1 ) [ ln ( 1+sin 2x ) ]

lim
tan−1 x
x→0 x
2
x

sin x
2 −1 sin x ( ln1+sin 2x )
= lim × ×
sin x x sin 2x
x→0

sin 2x
× × 2 = 2ln2
2x

7. (2)
2
x
e −cos x
lim
2
x→0 sin x

2
x
(e −1)+(1−cos x)

= lim
sin2 x
x→0 x ⋅(
2
)
x2

2
x
e −1 1−cos x
= lim ( + )
2 2
x→0 x x

1 3
= 1 + =
2 2

8. (4) lim
1 log ( 1+sin 10x )

2 tan 3x
x→0

2
(as, 1 + sin 10x = (sin 5x + cos 5x) )

log(1+sin10x)
1 sin 10x 3x 10x
= lim ⋅( )⋅( )⋅
2 ( sin 10x ) 10x tan3x 3x
x→0

1 10 5
= × 1 × 1 × =
2 3 3

9. (3)
⎧ 0, 0 ≤ x < 1
⎪

We know [x]=⎨ 1, 1 ≤ x < 2

⎩
⎪
2, 2 ≤ x < 3
3 3 3
[x] 2 8
x 3
∴ lim ( − [ ] )= − 0 =
+ 3 3 3 3
x→2

10. (1)
For n > 1
lim x
n
sin(
1

2
)= 0× ( any value between −1 to 1)= 0
x→0 x

For n < 0
lim x
n
sin(
1

2
)= ∞× (any value between −1 to 1)
x
x→0

= ±∞(L. H. L ≠ R. H. L)

3x+1

11. 2

(4) Let, I lim 3x +4x−1 3x+2

=x → ∞
( )
2
6x –4x–3

1
3+
x
4 1 2
3+ – 3+
x 2 x
lim x
⇒ I =x → ∞
( )
4 3
6– –
x
x2

1
1 1
= ( ) =
2 2

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

12. (3) Let f (x)= a 0 + a1 x + a2 x +. . . . .

2

1/x
2
x +f ( x )
lim (1 +
x
2
) exists only when
x→0

2
x +f ( x )
2 3
lim = 0 ⇒ f (x)= a2 x + a3 x +. . . . .
2
x
x→0

[a0 = a1 = 0]

2 2 3 1/x
x +a2 x +a3 x +.....
then lim(1 + 2
) = e
2

x
x→0

2 2 3
x +a2 x +a3 x +.....
2
⇒ lim = e
3
x→0 x
e

2
( 1+a2 ) +a3 x+a4 x .....
⇒ lim = 2
x
x→0

⇒ a2 = − 1 & a3 = 2

3 2
∴ f (x)= 2x − x

13. (3) Let y = lim |X|

sin x
0
0
form
x→0

log y = lim sin x log|x|0 × α

x→0

log | x | α
α
log y = lim
cosec x α
x→0

Apply L' Hospital rule

1

x
Log y = lim
cosec x cot x
x→0

sin x
log y = lim −( ) tan x
x
x→0

log y = 0

y = 1

14. (1)
This limit is 1 ∞
form
1 1 1+f ( 3+x ) −f ( 3 )
lim ( −1 )
1+f ( 3+x ) −f ( 3 ) x x 1+f ( 2−x ) −f ( 2 )
x→0
∴ lim ( ) = e
1+f ( 2−x ) −f ( 2 )
x→0

1 f ( 3+x ) −f ( 3 ) −f ( 2−x ) +f ( 2 )
lim ( )
x 1+f ( 2−x ) −f ( 2 ) 0
x→0
= e ( f orm)
0

' '
f ( 3+x ) +f ( 2−x )
lim
x ( −f ′ ( 2−x ) ) + ( 1+f ( 2−x ) −f ( 2 ) )
= ex→0

= e
0
= 1 .
15. (4)
We know that
1 1 1
− 1 <[ ]≤
x x x

Hence,
1+2+3. . .+15 1 2 15 1+2+...+15
− 15 <[ ]+[ ]+.... +[ ]≤
x x x x x

1 2 15 16
⇒ lim x([ ]+[ ]+. ... +[ ])= 15( )
+ x x x 2
x→0

= 120

16. (1)
2
sin x, x ≠ nπ x + 1, x ≠ 2
Given: f (x)={ , where n ∈ I and g(x)={ .
2, x = nπ 3, x = 2
2
[f (x)] + 1, f (x) ≠ 2
Now g[f (x)]={ .
3 f (x) = 2

2
sin x + 1, x ≠ nπ
⇒ g[f (x)]={
3 x = nπ

Now RHL = lim g[f (0 + h)]= lim (sin

2
h + 1)= 1.
h→0 h→0

And LHL = lim g[f (0 − h)]= lim (sin

2
h + 1)= 1.
h→0 h→0

So lim g[f (x)]= 1 .

x→0

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

17. (1) We have, l = lim

{x}

− tan { x }
x→0

( 0−h ) − [ 0−h ]
= lim
tan ( ( 0−h ) − [ 0−h ] )
h→0

1−h
= lim
tan ( 1−h )
h→0

1
=
tan 1

And m = lim
tanx

x
= 1
x→0

Thus, l = tan ( m )
1

⇒ cot(m)= l .
18. (3)
4 3 2 4 3 2
lim (√x + ax + 3x + bx + 2 − √x + 2x − cx + 3x − d)
x→∞

4 3 2 4 3 2
( x +ax +3x +bx+2 ) − ( x +2x −cx +3x−d )
= lim { }
x→∞ √x4 +ax3 +3x2 +bx+2+√x4 +2x3 −cx2 +3x−d

Clearly, the highest degree in the numerator is three and after solving of denominator is two. Therefore, for the limit to be finite, we must have,

a – 2 = 0 ⇒ a = 2

19. (1)
As x → α, (1 + ax
2
+ bx + c) → 1 as aα 2
+ bα + c = 0 , α is root of the given equation.
2 2 2
( ) ln ( 1+ax +bx+c )
2 x−α ( x−α )
L = lim (1 + ax + bx + c) = lim e
x→α x→α
2 2
lim ln ( 1+ax +bx+c )
x→α ( x−α )
L == e

2 2 0
lim ln(1 + ax + bx + c) ( form)
x→α ( x−α ) 0

1
( 2ax+b )

2
( 1+ ( ax +bx+c ) )

2 lim
1
L = e x→α

b
2a ( 2α+ )
2 ( 2aα+b ) a
L = e = e

L = e
2a ( 2α− ( α+β ) )
= e
2a ( α−β )
.
1

20. (1)
3 3
( 3x +2x ) sin |x| +5
x
lim [ ]+
3 2 1 3 2
x→−∞ ( | x | +|x| + | x | +1 ) |x| +|x| + | x | +1
x

1 3
3 sin −(x) +5
3x +2x x
lim [ ]+
3 2 1 3 2
x→−∞ − ( x ) +(x) − ( x ) +1 −(x) +(x) − ( x ) +1
x

2 5
3+ 1 −1+
sin
x2 x x3
lim [ ]+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
x→−∞ −1+ − + −1+ − +
x x x
x2 x3 x2 x3

−3
lim + 1 = −2
1
x→−∞

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

21. (2)
At x = π

4
,
π
LHL = lim f (x)= lim (x + a√2 sin(x))= + a
− − 4
π π
x→ x→
4 4

π
RHL = lim f (x)= lim (2x cot x +b)= + b
π + π + 2
x→ x→
4 4

Also, f ( π

4
)= 2
π

4
cot(
π

4
)+b =
π

2
+ b

For continuity, these three must be equal.

π π
⇒ + a = + b
4 2

π
⇒ a − b = ⋯(i)
4

Now at, x = π

LHL = lim f (x)= lim (2x cot(x)+b)= 0 + b = b

− π
π x→
x→ 2
2

RHL = lim (a cos 2x − b sin x)= −a − b

π +
x→
2

Also, f ( π

2
)= b

So, for continuity, f ( π

2
)= b = −a − b

⇒ a + 2b = 0 ⋯(ii)

Solving (i),(ii) we get

π π
a = ,b = −
6 12

22. (3)
Define the limit near by the unity
Case-1(x = 1)
n
log(2+1)−(1) sin 1 log(3)−sin 1
f (x) = lim =
n 2
n→∞ 1+(1)

Case-2 (0 < x < 1)

2n
log(2+x)−(x) sin x

f (x) = lim
2n
n→∞ 1+(x)

2n
Here (x) → 0 so
f (x)= log(2 + x)

Case-3 (x > 1)
log(2+x)

−sin x
⎛ ⎞ 2n
(x)

⎜ ⎟
f x = lim
⎜ ⎟ 1
n→∞
+1
2n
⎝ ⎠ (x)

2n
Here (x) → ∞

so f (x)= − sin x
lim f (x)= − sin 1
+
x→1

+ −
f (1)≠ f (1 )≠ f (1 )

so function is not continuous at x = 1

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
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23. (1)
Given that
f (x+y)−f (x) f (y)−a
= + xy
2 2

= f (x + y) − f (x) = f (y) − a + 2xy . . . (i)

Putting x = y = 0, we get
f (0) − f (0) = f (0) − a + 2 ⋅ 0 ⋅ 0

⇒ 0 = f (0) − a

⇒ f (0) = a . . . (ii)

If is given f (x) is differentiable and f ′

(0) exists.
f (x+h)−f (x)
′
f (x)= lim
h
h→0

Put y = h in equation (i), we get

f (x + h)−f (x)= f (h)−a + 2xh

Therefore,
f ( h ) −a+2xh
′
f (x)= lim
h
h→0

f (h)−a
′ 2xh
⇒ f (x)= lim +
h h
h→0

f (h)−f (0)
′
⇒ f (x)= lim + 2x [ From (ii)]
h
h→0

′ ′
⇒ f (x)= f (0)+2x

Given f ′
(0)= √5a − 1 − a
2

So, f ′
(x)= 2x + √2a − 1 − a
2

2
f (x)= ∫ 2xdx + ∫ √5a − 1 − a dx + c

2 2
⇒ f (x)= x + (√5a − 1 − a )x + c

Putting x = 0, we get
f (0)= 0 + 0 + c

⇒ a = c

2 2
f (x)= x +(√5a − 1 − a )x + a

2 2
√5a−1−a2 √5a−1−a2 √5a−1−a2
2
⇒ f (x)= (x) + 2x ⋅ + ( ) + a − ( )
2 2 2

2
√ 2 2
5a−1−a 5a−1−a
⇒ f (x)= (x + ) + a −
2 4

2
√ 2 2
5a−1−a a −a+1
⇒ f (x)= (x + ) +( )
2 4

ax
2
+ bx + c > 0 , if a > 0 and D < 0, where D is discriminant.
2
⇒ a − a + 1 > 0

So, f (x) > 0 ∀ x ∈ R.

24. (1)
3

The given function is f(x)= (−1) , where [·] is the greatest integer function.
[x ]

Let x
3
= n, n ∈ I
1

⇒ x = n3

n
∴ f (x)= (−1) = ±1

Hence, f(x) is discontinuous at x = n 3 , n ∈ I

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

25. (4)
sin ( p+1 ) x +sinx
⎧
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪ x : x < 0
⎪

∵ f (x)=⎨ q : x = 0
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
√x2 +x−√x
: x > 0
⎩
⎪
3/2
x

∵ f is continuous at x = 0
L. H . L =

sin ( p+1 ) ( −h ) +sin(−h) sin ( p+1 ) h+sin h

lim = lim
−h h
h→0 h→0

sin ( p+1 ) h
sin h
= lim (p + 1)+ lim = p + 1 + 1
h ( p+1 ) h
h→0 h→0

= p + 2

√h2 +h− √h √h2 +h+√h 2

h +h−h
R. H . L = lim × = lim
3 3 1
√h2 +h+√h
h→0 h→0
h 2 h 2 h 2 ( √h+1+1 )

1 1
lim =
√1+h+1 2
h→0

1
⇒ L. H . L. = R. H . L. = f (0)⇒ p + 2 = = q
2
3 1
= p = − & q =
2 2

26. (1)
Given:
g(x)= x −[x]

⇒ g(x)={x}

where, {x} is the fractional part of x

Therefore, g(x) is a fractional part function, so we know that fractional part function are discontinuous at integer points.
Given f (x) is a continuous function let
⇒ f (x)= x + 1

⇒ f (0)= 0 + 1 = 1

It is always continuous for every value of x. Now,

h(x)= f {g(x)}

⇒ h(x)= g(x)+1

⇒ h(x)={x}+1

Hence, h(x) is discontinuous function at integer points.

27. (4)
tan π [ x–π ]
Given function f (x)= 2
1+ [ x ]

∴ [x– π]∈ I

Basically f (x)= 0∀x ∈ R

28. (1) Since |f (x) –
2
f (y)| ≤ |x – y|

f ( x ) −f ( y )
∣ ∣
∴ ≤ |x – y|{where x ≠ y}
∣ x−y ∣

Taking lim as y → x , we get

f ( x ) −f ( y )
∣ ∣
lim ≤ lim |x – y|
y→x∣ ∣
x−y
y→x

f ( y ) −f ( x )
∣ ∣
⇒ lim ≤ lim |(x – y)|
y→x∣ y−x ∣ y→x

⇒ |f ' (x) | ≤ |0| ⇒ | f ' (x) | = 0 (∵|f '(x)|≥ 0)

∴ f ' (x)= 0 ⇒ f (x)= c(constant)

∴ h(x)= ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ cdx = cx + d where d is constant of integration.

∴ h(x) of a linear function of x which is continuous for all x ∈ R .

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
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29. (1)
Now, draw the graph of f (x)=||x|−1|.

In the graph find at x = −1, 0, 1are sharp points.

Hence, f (x) is not differentiable at these points.
30. (4)
0, x is rational
f (x)={
1, x is irrational

We know that any function f (x) will be continuous at x = a if lim f (x)= f (a) .
x→a

Case I: x = a, where a is rational.

So, lim f (x)= 1
x→a

and
f (a)= 0

lim f (x)≠ f (a)

x→a

Hence, function is not continuous for this case.

Case II: x = a, where a is an irrational number.
So, lim f (x)= 0
x→a

and
f (a)= 1

lim f (x)≠ f (a)

x→a

Hence, function is not continuous for this case.

Hence, the function is discontinuous for all x ∈ R.
31. (4)
f (x)= n +[p sin x]

As we know the greatest integer function is discontinuous at integer.

So, f (x) is discontinuous when p sin x is integer.
In (0, π

2
) . f (x) is discontinuous when p sin x = 1, 2, . . . . . . . p − 1

and in (
π

2
, π) , f (x) is discontinuous when p sin x = 1, 2, . . . . . . . p − 1

and at π

2
, p sin x = p
So total number of points of discontinuity is p − 1 + p − 1 + 1 = 2p − 1
As we know function is not differentiable at a point when function is not continuous at that point.
So total number of point of where f (x) is not differentiable is 2p − 1
32. (1)
x
y = 3 – 4|sin x|+|cos x|+e

As the functions|sin x|,|cos x| & e are continuous ∀x ∈ R, therefore sum of all the continuous functions will be continuous.
x

33. (4)
f (x) is discontinuous at x = 2

1
f (f (x))=
1
2−
2−x

2−x
⇒ f (f (x))=
3−2x

It is discontinuous at x = 3

2
, also discontinuous at x = 2.
34. (3) The curve will have sharp corner at x = 0.5 and at x = 1 and a point of discontinuity at x = π

2
.
Hence, total number of points where the function is not differentiable is 3.

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
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35. (1)
x+y
The given relation, f (x)+f (y)= f ( 1−xy
) ...(1).
Putting, x = y = 0 we get, f (0)= 0
f ( 0+h ) −f ( 0 ) f (h)
Now, f '(0)= lim = lim = 2 (given).
h h
h→0 h→0

Differentiating equation (1) w.r.t. x, keeping y as constant, we get,

x+y ( 1−xy ) ⋅1− ( x+y ) ⋅ ( −y )
f '(x)= f '( )⋅
1−xy 2
( 1−xy )
2
x+y 1+y
⇒ f '(x)= f '(
1−xy
)⋅
2
...(2).
( 1−xy )

Put x = 0 & y → x, in equation (2) we get,

2
1+x 2
f '(0)= 2 = f '(x)⋅ ⇒ f '(x)=
1 2
1+x

Integrating both sides we get, f (x)= 2 tan −1

x + c

Now we have, f (1)= π

2
⇒ c = 0 .
Hence, the required function is f (x)= 2 tan −1
x .

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

36. (2)
Given,
x
⎧ e ;x ≤ 0
⎪

f (x)=⎨ 1 − x, 0 < x ≤ 1
⎩
⎪
x − 1; x > 1

Continuity at x = 0
LH L = lim f (x)
−
x→0

= lim f (0 − h)
h→0

= lim e
0−h
= 1 .
h→0

RH L = lim f (x)
+
x→0

= lim f (0 + h)
h→0

= lim 1 −(0 + h)= 1

h→0

f (0)= 1

Since, (LH L) x=0

= (RH L)
x=0
= f (0), therefore, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
Now,
Continuity at x = 1
LH L = lim f (x)
−
x→0

= lim f (0 − h)
h→0

= lim 1 −(0 − h)= 1 .

h→0

RH L = lim f (x)
+
x→0

= lim f (0 + h)
h→0

= lim (0 + h)−1 = −1 .
h→0

Since, (LH L) x=1

≠ (RH L)
x=1
, therefore, f (x) is not continuous at x = 1.
Differentiability at x = 0
f ( 0+h ) −f ( 0 )
′
Rf (0)= lim
h
h→0

= lim
1−h−1

h
= −1 .
h→0

f ( 0−h ) −f ( 0 )
′
Lf (0)= lim
−h
h→0
−h
e −1
= lim = 1
−h
h→0

′ ′
∵ Rf (0)≠ Lf (0)

So, f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

Differentiability at x = 1
f ( 1+h ) −f ( 1 )
′
Rf (1)= lim
h
h→0

1−h−0
= lim = −1
h
h→0

f ( 1−h ) −f ( 1 )
′
L (1)= lim
−h
h→0

( 1−h ) −0
= lim = 1
−h
h→0

′ ′
Rf (1)≠ Lf (1)

So, it is not differentiable at x = 1.

37. (4)
′ ′ ′
2f ( x ) −6f ( 2x ) +4f ( 4x )
lim
2x
(by L'Hospital's Rule)
x→0
′′ ′′ ′′
2f ( x ) −12f ( x ) +16f ( 4x )
lim
2
x→0

′′
= 3f (0)

= 12

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

38. (3)
max{f (t), 0 ≤ t ≤ x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π}
Given, f (x)= sin x and g(x)={ 1−cos x
, x > π
2

We know, cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin 2

A

max{f (t), 0 ≤ t ≤ x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π}
∴ g(x)={
2 x
sin , x > π
2

For, 0 ≤ x ≤ π

2
, sin x is an increasing function, therefore , g(x)= max{f (t)} = sin x, 0 ≤ x ≤
π

2
.
⎧ sin x, π
⎪ 0 ≤ x ≤
⎪
⎪ 2
π
π
⇒ g(x)=⎨ f ( 2
)= 1, ≤ x ≤ π
2
⎪
⎪
⎩
⎪ x
2
sin , x > π
2

Hence, according to the graph g(x) is continuous ∀ x ∈ R .

π
⎧ cos x, 0 < x <
⎪
⎪ 2

Now, g'(x)=⎨ 0, π

2
< x < π
⎪
⎩
⎪ sin x
,
2 x > π

Now, g'( π

2
)= g'(π)= 0

Hence, g(x) is differentiable ∀ x ∈(0, ∞).

39. (1) f(x) = min {x + 1, |x|+1}

⇒ f (x)= x + 1, x ∈ R

Hence f(x) is differentiable for all ,x ∈ R

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DPP Limits Continuity & Differentiability
Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

40. (4)
1
, |x| ≥ 1
|x|
f (x)={
2
ax + b, |x| < 1

at x = 1 function must be continuous

So, 1 = a + b …(1)

differentiability at x = 1
1
(− ) = (2 ⋅ ax)
2
x x=1 x=1

1
⇒ −1 = 2a ⇒ a = −
2

1 3
(1) ⇒ b = 1 + =
2 2

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