UNIVERSAL VALUES
Module 6
Your Logo or Name Here
This module seeks to
analyze the concept of universal
values in several aspects such as
power, achievement, benevolence,
tradition, universalism, etc. It
includes as well the basic
universal human values and the
universal values under the
Universal Values United Nations Charter.
Moreover, human dignity will be
Introduction tackled for a better
understanding of having it.
Your Logo or Name Here
2
Learning Objectives
After studying this module, you should be
able to:
1. Explain universal values
2. Identify the different universal values
3. Discuss the different concepts of universal
values.
4. Explain human dignity and its
importance.
Your Logo or Name Here
3
The word "value" means
something that a person or a group
believes has a value that merits
being sought, promoted, or
What is privileged.
This can be a thing (money,
Universal food, art), a state of mind (peace,
protection, certainty), or a behavior
Value? that results from those things or
states of mind (protecting innocent
people, telling the truth, being
creative).
Your Logo or Name Here
UNIVERSAL VALUES CAN BE
UNDERSTOOD IN TWO WAYS.
What is Universal ❑ First, it could be that something has
Value? universal value because everyone finds
it important.
❑ Second, it could have universal value
when all people have reason to believe
it has value.
Your Logo or Name Here
According to the Didactic
Encyclopedia (2015), universal
value is a concept that it is not
What is Universal obvious to define because a
Value? principle is connected with
morality or ethics. It is difficult to
transpose or apply to the level of
the group.
Your Logo or Name Here
6
In other words, all people
have certain values that come
What is Universal from within them and direct their
Value? actions. Because human beings do
not think in the same way, values
can differ from person to person.
Universal values, however, need to
be socially expressed.
Your Logo or Name Here
7
Universal Value
has value
have reason to believe it has value
connected with morality or ethics
need to be socially expressed
DESCRIPTION OF UNIVERSAL VALUES
Your Logo or Name Here
8
SCHWARTS CONCEPT OF
UNIVERSAL VALUES
S. H. Schwartz, along with several
colleagues in the field of psychology,
carried out Empirical research analyzing
whether there are universal values and
what those values are.
Schwartz described 'values' as
'conceptions of what is important that
affect the way people choose action and
evaluate events.' Your Logo or Name Here
9
Schwartz's results from a
series of studies that included
SCHWARTS surveys of more than 25,000 people
CONCEPT OF in 44 countries with a wide range
UNIVERSAL of different cultural types suggest
VALUES that there are fifty-six specific
universal values and ten types of
universal value.
Your Logo or Name Here
10
Schwartz's ten types of
universal value are: power,
SCHWARTS achievement, hedonism,
CONCEPT OF stimulation, self-direction,
UNIVERSAL
VALUES universalism, benevolence,
tradition, conformity, and
security.
Your Logo or Name Here
11
Below are each of the value types,
with the specific related values
SCHWARTS alongside:
CONCEPT OF 1. Power: authority, leadership,
UNIVERSAL dominance, social power, wealth
VALUES 2. Achievement: success, capability,
ambition, influence, intelligence, self-
respect.
Your Logo or Name Here
12
3. Hedonism: pleasure, enjoying
life
SCHWARTS
CONCEPT OF 4. Stimulation: daring activities,
UNIVERSAL varied life, exciting life
VALUES 5. Self-direction: creativity,
freedom, independence, curiosity,
choosing your own goals
Your Logo or Name Here
13
6. Universalism: broadmindedness,
wisdom, social justice, equality, a
SCHWARTS world at peace, a world of beauty,
CONCEPT OF unity with nature, protecting the
UNIVERSAL environment, inner harmony
VALUES 7. Benevolence: helpfulness, honesty,
forgiveness, loyalty, responsibility,
friendship
Your Logo or Name Here
14
8. Tradition: accepting one's portion in life,
humility, devoutness, respect for
SCHWARTS tradition, moderation
CONCEPT OF 9. Conformity: self-discipline, obedience
UNIVERSAL 10. Security: cleanliness, family security,
VALUES national security, stability of social order,
reciprocation of favors, health, sense of
belonging
Your Logo or Name Here
15
Schwartz also tested an
eleventh possible universal
SCHWARTS value, 'spirituality', or 'the
CONCEPT OF
UNIVERSAL
goal of finding meaning in
VALUES life' but found that it does
not seem to be recognized in
all cultures.
Your Logo or Name Here
16
Power Universalism
Achievement Benevolence
Hedonism Tradition
Stimulation Conformity
Self-direction Security
Schwarts’ Types of Universal Values Your Logo or Name Here
17
In the lecture by
Secretary-General Kofi Annan on
Global Ethics, entitled “Do We
Still Have Universal Values?”, he
stressed this quotation, “The
values of peace, freedom, social
progress, equal rights and
human dignity, enshrined in
the Charter of the United
UN CHARTER OF
Nations and in the Universal
UNIVERSAL VALUES
Declaration of Human Rights.
Your Logo or Name Here
18
Progress, equal rights, human dignity
are accurately needed in this age of
globalization.
In the Millennium Declaration according
to Annan, “all states reaffirmed certain
fundamental values as being essentials to
RSAL VALUES international relations in the twenty-first
century”: freedom, equality, solidarity,
tolerance, respect for nature and shared
responsibility.”
Your Logo or Name Here
19
Looking at the fundamental
values mentioned and the provisions
under the Charter of the United
Nations, countries of all nations and
cultures must apply these principles
to maintain peace and security in
the world.
Your Logo or Name Here
20
If all nations in the world
despite differences in races,
colors, international standings,
cultures, religions, customs,
traditions, set aside their
respective self-interests, peace
and security in the whole world
will evidently possible.
Your Logo or Name Here
21
BASIC
UNIVERSAL
HUMAN VALUES
Happiness, Peace, Freedom,
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
22
1. Happiness
❑It refers to good fortune,
pleasure, contentment, joy.
❑Under the notes on Aristotle's
Nicomachean Ethics, “happiness or
flourishing or living well is a
complete and sufficient good.
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN ❑This implies that it is desired
VALUES for itself, that it is not desired
for the sake of anything else,
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, that it satisfies all desire and
has no evil mixed in with it, and
Safety, Intelligence, Respect, that it is stable.
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
23
2. Peace
❑A freedom from disturbance;
tranquility.
❑It is a state or period in which
there is no war or a war has
ended. A state of mutual
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN harmony between people or
VALUES groups, especially in personal
relations: Example: Live in peace
Happiness, Peace, Freedom,
with your neighbors.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
24
3. Freedom
The state of being
free or at liberty, freedom
from control, interference,
obligation, restriction,
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN hampering conditions, etc.
VALUES power or right of doing,
thinking, speaking, etc.,
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, according to choice.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
25
4. Safety
The state of being
safe, freedom from
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN
the occurrence or risk
VALUES of injury, danger, or
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, loss.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
26
5. Intelligence
Capacity for learning,
reasoning, understanding,
and similar forms of mental
activity; aptitude in
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN grasping truths,
VALUES relationships, facts,
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, meanings, etc.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
27
6. Respect
Formal expression or gesture
of greeting, esteem, or friendship:
deference to a right, privilege,
privileged position, or someone or
something considered to have
certain rights or privileges; proper
acceptance or courtesy;
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN acknowledgment: respect for a
VALUES suspect's right to counsel; to show
respect for the flag; respect for the
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, elderly.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
28
7. Equality
The state or quality of
being equal; correspondence
in quantity, degree, value,
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN rank, or ability: promoting
VALUES equality of opportunity in
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, the workplace.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
29
8. Justice
The quality of
being just;
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN righteousness,
VALUES equitableness, or moral
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, rightness: to uphold
Safety, Intelligence, Respect, the justice of a cause.
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
30
9. Nature
The material
world, especially as
surrounding
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN humankind and
VALUES existing independently
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, of human activities.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
31
10. Health
The general condition of
the body or mind with
reference to soundness and
vigor: good health; poor health.
soundness of body or mind;
BASIC UNIVERSAL HUMAN
freedom from disease or
VALUES
ailment to have one's health; to
Happiness, Peace, Freedom, lose one's health.
Safety, Intelligence, Respect,
Equality, Justice, Nature, Health Your Logo or Name Here
32
THE HUMAN
DIGNITY
Your Logo or Name Here
33
THE HUMAN DIGNITY
Dignity is the state or quality
of being worthy of honor or
respect. "A man of dignity and
unbending principle" is an example.
It refers to bearing, conduct, or
speech indicative of self-respect or
appreciation of the formality or
gravity of an occasion or situation.
Your Logo or Name Here
34
It is the importance and value
that a person has, that makes other
people respect them or makes them
respect themselves.
THE HUMAN Dignity is earned and cannot
DIGNITY be taken away from anyone. It must
be preserved so that the respect of
others is maintained.
Your Logo or Name Here
35
Any act or action to be done
by an individual will be reflected
in his or her personality. Only one
big mistake can ruin a good
THE HUMAN reputation for anyone.
DIGNITY People must be very careful of
his or her action and words to be
said.
Your Logo or Name Here
36
Your Logo or Name Here
37
Learning Assessment
1. Explain what are universal values.
2. What are Schwartz's ten types of universal value?
3. According to Annan, what are the fundamental values
essentials to international relations?
4. What are the basic universal values?
5. Why is dignity important?
Your Logo or Name Here
38
Your Logo or Name Here
39
summary
❑ Universal values can be understood in two ways:
everyone finds it important, and all people have
reason to believe it has value.
❑ Schwartz's ten types of universal value are: power,
achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction,
universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and
security.
Your Logo or Name Here
40
summary
❑ The basic universal values are Happiness, Peace,
Freedom, Safety, Intelligence, Respect, Equality, Justice,
Nature, Health
❑ Dignity is the state or quality of being worthy of
honor or respect.. Any person in whatever capacity,
economic and social status, rich or poor, educated or
uneducated deserve to be respected by anyone.
Your Logo or Name Here
41
Your Logo or Name Here
42
