Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation is a way of writing very large and very small numbers so that they are easier
to compare and use in computations.
N x 10a
where: 1 ≤ N < 10 and -10 < N ≤ -1; N ∈ ℝ and a ∈ ℤ
N is called the coefficient or mantissa that is written in decimal form and 10a is the
multiplier
The symbol x represents the operation for multiplication.
multiplication symbol exponent
2.53 x 𝟏𝟎𝟗 base
coefficient multiplier
Scientific Notation
In order for a number to be in correct scientific notation, the following conditions must be
considered:
1. The coefficient must be a real number in decimal form which is greater than or equal to 1 but
less than 10 – if positive; or greater than -10 but less than or equal to -1 – if it is negative.
1 ≤ |N| < 10
2. The multiplier has a base of 10.
3. The exponent must show the number of decimal places that the decimal point needs to be
moved to change the number to standard notation. A negative exponent means that decimal point
is moved to the left when changing to standard notation.
Examples: Converting numbers from scientific notation to standard notation:
1.23 x 105 = 123,000 4.45 x 100 = 4.45
5.67 x 10−6 = 0.00000567 -3.24 x 101 = -3.24 x 10 = -32.4
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 1
Let’s do this…
Exercises 3-3:
Answer the following:
1. Change 6.03 x 107 to standard notation.
2. Change 5.3 x 10−4 to standard notation.
3. Change 56,760,000,000 to scientific notation.
4. Change 0.000000902 to scientific notation.
5. Change - 0.0102 to scientific notation.
Answers: (1) 60,300,000 (2) 0.00053 (3) 5.676 x 1010 (4) 9.02 x 10-7 (5) -1.02 x 10-2
Operations on Scientific Notation
Multiplication: When multiplying number in scientific notation, multiply the coefficient, the base
will remain the same and exponents must be added. Lastly, move the decimal point if necessary,
so that the coefficient is in correct notation. Hence, adjust the exponent with the number of decimal
places moved.
Example: (3.45 x 107) ⦁ (6.25 x 105) =
Solution:
3.45 107 + 5 = 1012
x 6.25
21.5625
= 21.5625 x 1012
= 2.15625 x 1013
Division: When dividing numbers in scientific notation, divide the coefficient, the base of the
multiplier will remain as 10, and the exponents must be subtracted. Move the decimal point if
necessary, then adjust the exponent with the number of places moved. Then finally, round off
significant digits.
Example: (3.5 x 108) ÷ (6.6 x 104) =
0.530303
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
66 )35 108−4 = 104
= 0.530303 x 104
= 5.30303 x 103
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 2
Addition & Subtraction: When adding or subtraction scientific notation, you must express the
numbers as the same power of 10. This will often involve changing the decimal places of the
coefficient.
Example: (3.76 x 104 ) + (5.5 x 102 ) =
3.76 x 104 + 0.055 x 104
3.76 104
+ 0.055
3.815
= 3.815 x 104
Example: (4.8 x 105 ) − (9.7 x 104 ) =
4.8 x 105 − 0.97 x 105
4.8 105
- 0.97
3.83
= 3.83 x 105
Let’s do this…
Exercises 3-4:
Solve the following:
1. 5.01 x 103 + 5.01 x 103 = (answer must be in scientific notation)
2. 9.34 x 104 ● 1.2 x 102 = (answer must be in scientific notation)
3. 2.488 x 105 ÷ 2.0 x 103 = (answer must be in standard notation)
4. 1.171 x 101 – 2.3172 x 100 = (answer must be in standard notation)
5. 1.216 x 107 – (-1.40 x 107 ) = (answer must be in scientific notation)
Answers: (1) 1.002 x 104 (2) 1.1208 x 107 (3) 124.4 (4) 9.3928 (5) 2.616 x 107
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 3
Significant Figures
Rules in counting the number of significant figures of a number:
1. Any non–zero numbers are significant figures.
Examples:
23 2
7,133,241 7
1982 4
2. Any zeros between two non–zeros are significant figures.
Examples:
409 3
3,000,001 7
201100102 9
3. Any zeros before non–zeros (leading zeros) are not significant figures.
Examples:
05 1
0.00013701 5
0.06449 4
4. Any zeros after non–zeros (trailing zeros) in a number without decimal point are not
significant figures.
Examples:
500 1
41,000,000,000 2
80,100 3
5. Any zeros after non-zeros (trailing zeros) in a number with decimal point are significant
figures.
Examples:
500. 3
0.0710 3
0.007107800100 10
6. If the number is in scientific notation, the number of significant figures is the number of
significant figures of the coefficient.
Examples:
2.53 x 103 3
−5
1.010 x 10 4
7
9.2307 x 10 5
Let’s do this…
Exercises 3-5:
Identify the number of significant figures in the following numbers:
1) 0.122 6) 2.0021
2) 786.28 7) -11.012 x 10
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 4
3) 802.00 8) 0.00000070000
4) 2.030010 x 1023nn 9) -092
5) -0.00756200 10) 445000.
Answers: (1) 3 (2) 5 (3) 5 (4) 7 (5) 6 (6) 5 (7) 5 (8) 5 (9) 2 (10) 6
Rounding Off Numbers
Let us recall rounding off numbers. Rounding off numbers is approximating or estimating from
the exact / precise value. It is mainly used for computing or evaluating non-terminating decimals
or terminating but long decimals. We round up the specified digit (add by one) if the digit on its
right is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; while we keep the value of the specified digit if it is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. Hence,
it is important to understand the place value of a number when rounding off. Place value is the
position of each digit in a number.
Place value of each digit of number 754.281.
754.281
Hundreds
(100s) Thousandths
Tens (10s) (1/1000s)
Ones/Units (1s) Hundredths
Tenths (1/100s)
(1/10s)
Examples:
1) Round off 32.675 to two decimal places.
32.68
2) Round off 554.9802 to the nearest hundredths.
554.98
3) Round off 11.00317 to the nearest ten thousandths.
11.11.0032
4) Round off 729.5189 to the nearest whole number.
730
5) Round off 2024.001 to the nearest thousands.
2000
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 5
Let’s do this…
Exercises 3-6:
Solve the following:
1. Round off 28,173 to the nearest hundreds.
2. Round off 211.275 to the nearest whole number.
3. Round off to the nearest hundredths the number 65.7991.
4. Round off 7,999,999 to the nearest tens.
5. Round off 27.357 into two significant figures.
6. Round off 0.022 to one significant figure.
7. Round off 129.5 into three significant figures.
8. Round off 98200.76 to five significant figures.
9. Round off 32,470,000.00 to three significant figures.
10. Round off 0.00207 to two significant figures.
Answers: (1) 28,200 (2) 211 (3) 65.80 (4) 8,000,000 (5) 27 (6) 0.02 (7) 130. (8) 98201 (9) 3.25 x 107 (10) 2.1 x 10-3
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 6
Reflection
3… 2… 1… Think of three (3) adjectives to describe the lesson. Think of two (2) things you learned
from the discussion. Think of one (1) sentence that explains why this lesson is significant. Write
your answer below (hand written format, use short bond paper, 1 page only).
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Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 7
Instruction: Watch the videos on the links below and make a brief summary of what you have
watched (hand written format, use short bond paper, 1 page only).
https://youtu.be/eDEUJ0xX5qQ
https://youtu.be/kwh4SD1ToFc
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 8
A. Instruction: Solve the following using your skills learned from scientific notation. Encircle
your final answer. You may use your calculator to check your answers.
1) (-0.00241) ● (3.5 x 103) =
2) 7.20 x 107 + 9.13 x 107 + (-3.45 x 107) – 1.31 x 107 =
3) 5.25 x 10-3 ÷ 5.0 x 10-2 =
4) [ (1.99 x 10-4) + (0.000101) ] ÷ 0.03 =
5) (7.6 x 10-1) ● (1.8 x 109) =
B. Instruction: Solve the following using your skills learned from significant figures and rounding
off. Encircle your final answer. You may use your calculator to check your answers.
1) Round off 0.0045900 to the nearest ten thousandths.
2) Round off 40590 to the nearest thousands.
3) Round off 455490 to two significant figures.
4) Round off 950454 to the nearest ten thousands.
5) Round off 55.4490 to four significant figures.
6) Round off 54.945 to the nearest tens.
7) Round off 549.50 to the nearest whole number.
8) Round off 94545.450 to the nearest thousandths.
9) Round off 54.05599 to the nearest hundred thousandths.
10) Round off 0.45999 to three significant figures.
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________
Learning Module for PUP Laboratory High School Mathematics | Grade 7 9
