L

О. Б. ,Щворецкая, Н. Ю. Казырбаева,
И.В. Ларионова, Н. В. Новикова

ПочитайI
ll
Английский язьlк

для 11 класса
общеобразовател ьн ых уч режден и й
ББК 81.2Англ-992
д24
удк 802.0(075.3)

Дворецкая О. Б. и др.
Д24 Анrлийский язык: Read uр! / Почитай!: Книга дJя чтенItя д;rя 11 кл. общеобраз.
учрежд. / о, Б.,Щворецкая, Н. Ю. Казырбаева, И. В. Ларионова, Н. В. Новикова.-
Обнинск: Титул,2013.- L12 с.: ил.
ISBN 978,5-вбв66-560-8
Учебное пособие из серии книг для чтения "Read up!" (11-й класс) предназна-
чено для развития умений и навыков чтения в старшtlх к;,Iдссдх общеобразователь-
ных учреждений. Оно является необходимым KoMпoHeHTo;rr любого курса обучения,
в том числе учебников для 11-го класса "Enjoy English", "Нарру [Link]", "New
MiIlennium English". Оно рассчитано примерно на 35 часов учебного времени (один
урок в неделю).
fl,aHHoe учебное пособие соответствует совреi{енным международным требо-
ваниям качества содержания учебного пособия нового поколения. Учащимся дает-
ся возможность получить удовольствие от чтения и в то же время развить разно-
образные учебные навыки, расширить лексический запас, подтотовиться к успеш-
ной сдаче ЕГЭ.
ББК 81.2Анг.т-99]

@ О. Б. !,ворецкая, Н. Ю. Казыфаева. 11. В. --Tаавоноза. ii- Е. Нов;..хова, 2012

ISBN 978-5-86866- 560 -8 @ Издательство ,,ТИryл", дизайя, восIrFrоlц}ве.]е:{я€" :aс:aе_:a.:;e_"Tя-e. 2012
Contents
Мар of the book
lntroductory [esson Yоч аrе what you read . . 8

Everyday English l. Read mоrе... 16

CulturaIstudies 2. Fоrечеr thеrе and not there. ........ 20

Literature 3. The siege . 27

Science 4. Emotional intelligence . .. . 33

Everyday EngIish 5. Do lT 40

Сu[turа[ studies 6. Sister Wendy Beckett ., .. .. .. 45

Litеrаtчrе 7. Eden Park . 52

Science 8. Victorian telepresence today 57

Everyday EngIish disposal

9. Waste ........ 64

Literature [Link][itude ........ 70

Cu[turaI studies 11. Film reviews 74

Science 12. Unsolved problems of science 82

Everyday Eng[ish lJ. Have а nice trip! . 90

culturalstudies 14. ...

Land art 97

Literature 15. lапе Еуrе .. ...,. 102

Science
,[Link]'ve
gota letter,..from the past ........ 107

условные обозначения:

?tr - высокая сложность текста

гтФ - глоссарий

ж - работа в парах

ffi - работа в группах

W
жсl$ý?t*4.
- социокультурная информация
Мар of the book

Section

lntroductory lesson
Topic

Reading: [ikes and

Text gепrеs

lпtеrчiеw
I

Task types

Crossword puzz[e
l
Yоч аrе what уоч read disIikes ý{atching
Рriогitisiпg

Ечеrуdач Engllsh
Advertising C[assified
1. Read mоrе... adveгtisements

Lulturat ýtudles
5hakespeare TouristЬrосhurе Тrъrе Faise
2. Fоrечеr there and not Рорч[аr science book чаtсfuгg
there ехсеrрt
Quotations

Llterature
The siege of Novel ехсеrрt
5. The siege Leningrad

Sclence :- -- -:
Mu[tip[e inte[[igences Аrtiс[еs -:
4. EmotionaI inte[ligence -]

Eveтvdav Enellsh
Creativity Quotations
5. Do lT Guide

cultura{ Studles
Аrt lnterview
,

6. Sister Wendy Beckett

Literature
city vS countryside Review ]_-_.-l-, _'--:j:-rnS
7. Eden Park Nove[ ехсеrрt

5clence
Art insta[[ations Newspaper artic[e
8. Victorian te[epresence
today

4 Мап оГ thr,, book

 сrоss-счrriсчtаr
Reading subskills Lexical аrеа output Desired outcome
links
Reading for gist Words related to thinking Literature C[ass reading Reflection
skitts ргоfilе Deve[oping criticaI
thinking

Reading fоr gist апd words related to Media studies Advertisement Analysis of ап
detaiI advertisements advertisement's
effectiveness

Reading for gist and words re[ated to History Research l nterpreting quotations
detait biography Literature Raising аwаrепеss
Guessing meaning about а famous author
frоm context

Reading for specific Words related to hardship History Story Understanding

iпfоrmаtiоп Literatuгe continuation affective side of
Reading fоr detail Text discussion Iiterature

Finding rеаsопs for Adjectives with ап Psycho[ogy Doing ап El Se[f-ref[ection

ideas opposite meaning teSt

Reading fоr gist words related to creative Psycho[ogy Apptying Developing tife skitts
thinking Life skitts а technique

Reading for gist wоrds related to Аrt Group Deve[oping cu[turaI

Guessing meaning biography d iscussion awareness
frоm context
Discourse anatysis

Reading for gist Figurative [anguage Literature Group Developing taste fоr
Reading for litеrаrу discussion reading Iiterature
features

Reading fоr gist and words related to Physics Research Deve[oping creativity
detaiI inventions, art and Art proposaI
епgiпееriпg HiStory presentation

мар of the book

 ýection Topic Text gепrеs Task types

tчеrчоач EnelI5n
Епчirопmепt lnternet b[og Сrоsswогd puzz[e
9. Waste disposal Artic[e Соmрrеhепsiоп questions

LltеrаIuге
Роеtrу Роеm Matching
10. Solitude

Lulturat stuоIеs
FiIms Fi[m гeviews Matching
11. Fi[m reviews Categorising

)сlепсе
Science Рорu[аr science аrtiс[е5 Matching
'l2. Unsolved problems of Definitions and exp[anations
science tittiпg gaps

Ечеrчdач EnstiSh
TravelIing Guide books апd ап Mind mар
lr. Наче а пiсе trip! itinerary Matching
lпfогmаtiоп trапsfеr
Соmрrеhепsiоп questions
Fitting gaps

Lultura[ ýIuoleS
моdеrп аrt Magazine artic[e Matching
14. Land аrt Тruе,/ Fa[se,/ Not mentioned

LItеrаIuге
Ways of punishment Nove[ ехсеrрt Fi[ting gaps
15. Jane Еуrе Соmрrеhепsiоп questions
l ruе / False
Categorising

Language mysteries Popu[ar science аrtiс[е Соmрrеhепsiоп questions

16. You've got а [etter... frоm Matching
the past 5ummarising

Мар of the book

l

Сrоss-счrriсч[аr
Reading subskills Lexical аrеа output Desired оutсоmе
links
Reading for gist words related to waste EnvironmentaI Paragraph Deve[oping sociaI
Finding rеаsопs for disposaI stud ies about waste responsibiIity
ideas Fixed phrases disposaI

Reading fоr detail words re[ated to senses Literature Drawing Understanding роеtrу
Reading fоr litеrаrу Trans[ation
featu rеs

Reading for detaiI Synonym5 and antonyms Art Grоuр Deve[oping сritiса[
d iscussion thinking
Review

Reading fоr gist and сопсоrdапсе [ines with Physics lnternet Raising awareness of
detaiI the word "questions" lnte[[ectuaI research scientific issues
abitity pre5entation

Reading for gist and words related to Geography Grоuр Developing criticaI
detail travelIing Life skitts d iscussion thinking and
Reading for specific р[аппiпg
features of these text Deve[oping tife skitls
gепrеS

Reading for gist and words related to аrt and Аrt Grоuр / Pair Raising awareness of
detaiI the епчirопmепt Епчirопmепtа[ d iscussion mоdеrп forms of аrt
Guessing meaning stud ies Deve[oping creativity
frоm context

Reading for gist and words re[ated to Literatu rе D iscuss io п Developing criticaI
detail seeing, saying, ways of thinking
Reading for noticing punishment Deve[oping taste fоr
text struсturе reading titerature
Reading for [itеrаrу
features

Reading fоr gist and Words re[ated to а writing Н istоrу D iscu ss ion Deve[oping criticaI
detail 5ystem LanguageS thinking
Raising awarenes5
of different wiring
Sy5temS

Мар ofthe book 7

 a,

оu rеа

';Еst,",",_,*

Look at the саrtоопs and апswеr the questions.

1 What might the people Ье reading? Why аrе they reading? Whеrе are
they?
2 /rre they enjoying themselves? How do you know?
3 What qualities do the people need to Ье able to rеаd effectively?
4 Why is reading important to these people?

You аrе what you rеаd

 Discuss the text in pairs and say if it answers question 4 in Ех.1. What
Ж Ж
оthеr reasons fоr reading сап уоu suggest?

Why read books?

hat's the use of reading iiterature nowadays, vibrations these rл,оrds produce in оur minds.
in а world whеrе any needed information is Through serious undistгacted reading ofa book
at уоur fingertips in almost по time through the we make оur own associations, draw оur оwп
usе of the Internet) What's the use of reading at analogies and conclusions and foster оur own
a1l l ideas. Actually, you cannot distinguish deep
Мапу people believe that the Internet is reading frоm deep thinking.
affecting the way we think аЬоut and process Reading litеrаturе in а critical way means
information, mоrе than that, the Internet is always being willing to rеsропd, lluestion,
beginning to impact оп оur interest iTr books, analyse, interpret, synthesize, and evaluate.
novels and literature, It is very different frоm reading passively for
Have you ever thought what the act of rеаdiпg entertainment.
does for us as humап beings with оur inquisitive Тhеrе аrе questions you can ask yourselfto
minds? The kind of deep reading of а good book develop уоur роwеrs of critical thinking while
is vaiuable not only for the knor,viedge we get reading а literary piece.
from the author's words, but for the intellectual

э Do the сrоsswоrd to [еаrп the main thinking skills. Use the clues in CAP|TAL
LETTERS in the brackets.

Down
l The ability to make sound inquiries in
оrdеr to satisfy уоur intellectual curiosity
(qUESTION)

Across
2 Considering something in оrdеr to make а зI
judgment about it, for example, how good
оr bad it is (VALUE)
3 Providing the meaning оr deciding on the
significance of something (INTERPRET)
4 Examining something in оrdеr to
understand what it consists of (ANALYSIS)
5 Combining different facts, ideas оr <с
experiences to fоrm а single idea оr
impression (SYNTHESIS)

Yоu аrе what you rеаd

 Match the thinking ski[[s from the сrоsswоrd tith йе questions and comp[ete
the tab[e.

Qrestions concerning reading Соrгеsрсзi:::s -j.:::iin g skill

What are the component parts of this

passage? Why is it divided into these parts?
How do they work together to make the
whоlе thing have meaning? What does the
whоlе passage mеап literally?

What does it mеап figuratively? Is thеrе

any symbolic meaning? Could it mеап mоrе
than опе thing? What things in the text
lead уоu to believe that this is а соrrесt
understanding оr interpretation?

What рrоЬlеms аrе suggested Ьу the

rеаdiпg? What is confusing about this
passage) What philosophicai questions does
the reading inspire? What questions would
you ask, ifyou had the author hеrе?

How does this rеаdiпg соmраrе and contrast

with what you've rеаd previously) How does
it fit into уоur understanding of the issue}

Is it ап excellent piece of writing оr а рооr

one? What criteria can you use to judge
рrореrlу? How does this раrtiсulаr wоrk
meet оr fai1 уоur criteria fог excelience?
What аrе the exact places in the writing
that illustrate уочr positive оr negative
conclusions about the wоrk?

5 Discuss these questions iп grоuрs.

1 Do you think it is important to lеагп these skills? Why?

2 What оthеr subjects at school teach you these ski]ls?
J Which of these skilis are easier to 1еаrп? Which аrе mоrе difficult? Why?

You аrе what you read

 6 Read the interview and match the answers with the questions. Тhеrе аrе по
answer5 fоr solTle questions.

1 What is уоur favourite gепrе? 9 Have you rе,rеаd these books as а

- grоwп-uр?
2 Do you read the classics, for example,
1о Is there а book уоu сап say has
the 8rеаt authors ofthe 18th-l9th
influenced you?
centuries?
l1 Who аrе your favourite authors?
Аrе you interested in thrillers)
L2 Which bookwould you take with you
what about hоrrоr stories? оп а desert island)
13 What is уоur attitude towards
5 Do you read science fiction?
transIations?
6 How mапу Наrrу Potter books have L4 Do you buy оr Ьоrrоw the books you
you rеаd? normalIy read?
Have you ечеr read and enjoyed 15 When you buy books, do you рrеfеr
biographies оr autobiographies ? hardback editions оr рареrЬасk books?
Do you rеmеmЬеr апу ofthe books you
16 Have you tried audio books?
rеаd and loved as а child?

ffiý I'd take Lопdоп Ьу Edward Rutherford. It's ýЖ No - these аrе great, I'm surе if you have
meant to Ье excellent, but it's long and heavily sight рrоЬIеms, оr get sick if you read whilst
detailed so I'd need hоurs of undisrupted leisure travelling, but as I don't I рrеfеr the traditional
time to 8et into it. type ofread.

жs
ЖЖ Dozens have influenced mе. Sometimes I'Il Yes, this is а literary addiction for mе at
find myself in а similar situation оr conversation the moment. Му bookshelves аrе filled with
to а character in а book I have rеаd and get books like йе Girl iп the Red coct, memoirs of
а weird sense of dёji чu. А book which rеаllу а wоmап who spotted herself as five уеаrs old
influenced mе to Ье grateful for mу own life in Steven Spielberg's Schindler's |ist, Ьу Roma
and upbringing was Falling Leayes: Memoirs Ligocka; Edith's Book, mеmоirs of а Dutch Jewish
oJ ап Uпwапtеd Сhiпеsе Daughterby Adeline girl whо went into hiding with а Christian
yen Mah. I must rечiеw this sometime because family during the Nazi occupation, Ьу Edith
I think ечеrуопе should rеаd it - а sad tale with Velman; and the recently released Martin
а hарру ending which describes hеr childhood Johnson autobiography, which I got personally
suffering without self-pity оr bitterness. signed, not that I'm name-dropping!

Жý *о - I studied Thomas Наrdу and Jane The type ofbooks I rеаdчаrу according
Austen fоr,фlечеl English, and all that constant to mу mood and situation - often depending
analysing and dissecting the texts to death put on whether I аm going to Ье doing а lot of
me off, although I still enjoy television and film commuting or travellin$, оr if I'm at hоmе оr on
adaptations of these classics. holiday. At the moment I'm addicted to memoirs
and other real-life stories, especially truе tales

Yоч аrе what you rеаd 11

of people who have lived through some difficult ffi Ти" Girl iп the Red coatwas а tгanslation
circumstances оr оthеr accounts of "triumph frоm Gеrmап, and I didn't realise this until
очеr hardship". очеr halfway through, when I read the note
about the аuthоr. Тhеrеfоrе, unless it's badly
surе do - I was an avid rеаdеr even as а kid translated - which most аrеп't - it shouldn't
and after mу parents insisted on а curfelv make а difference to уоur enjoyment, so it would
I would often read uпdеr the bedclothes rvith Ье а shame to miss out оп so many works just
а tоrсh so I could consume а few mоrе сhарtеrs. because they wеrе originally written in апоthеr
No wопdеr mу school rероrts sometimes language.
commented that I often seemed halРasleep in
class! I rеаd ечеrу Enid Blyton book at least I rЧ"t rеаllу, I find science fiction mоrе suited
twice - mапу times mоrе fоr the Mallory Тоwеr to film, though I suppose Dean Koontz almost
series and The Епсhапtеd Forest or Wishing Chair slips into sci-fi.
books. I really can't understand why these titles
haven't Ьееп snapped up fоr television оr film ý r Ь"у lots of books to fill up mу tall
adaptations. I also loved Тhе Масhiпе Guппеrs bookshelves in mу flat, but also belong to а good
Ьу Robert Westall and ропу books such as library and swap lots of оthеr books with other
the /ill series Ьу Ruby Fеrgusоп and the liппу ьооkwоrm friends.
series bv Patricia Leitch. As а young tеепаgеr
I got mоrе into American books such as those
Ьу Frапсiпе Pascal and Judy Blume.

These change all the time but I have

rеgulаrlу enjoyed books Ьу Bill Вrуsоп, Martina
Cole, Minnette Walters and Phillippa Grеgоrу
who writes some fascinating historicai novels,
such as The Other Воlеуп Girl, the story of Anne
Boleyn's sister who first had an affair and two
children with Непrу VIII.

CULTURAL NOTES
Edward Ruthеrfurd (Ьоrп 1948 in Salisbury, England) is kпоwп рrimаrilу
as а writеr of epic historical novels. His debut novel Sаrиrи set the pattern
fоr his wоrk with а ten-thousand уеаr storyline. Rutherfurd's novels аrе
generally at least 500 pages and sometimes even очеr 1,000. Divided into а
пumЬеr ofparts, еасh chapter represents а different еrа iп the аrеа ofthe
F ?:-:.
novel's history. Тhеrе is always an extensive family trее in the introduction,
ё= and each generational line matches with the corresponding chapters.

.a.
dёjivu (Frепсh: "аlrеаdу seen") is the experience offeeling sure that опе
has witnessed оr experienced а new situation previously.

Adeline Yen Mah is а Сhiпеsе-Аmеriсап аuthоr and physician. She grew up in

Tianjin, Shanghai and Hong Kong with an оldеr sister, three older brothers,
and а уоuпgеr hаlf-Ьrоthеr апd half-sister.

You аrе lvhat yclu геаd

 ТЪоmаs Наrdу (2 June 1840 - 11January 1928) was an English novelist and
poet of the Naturalist movement, although in several poems he displays
elements of thе previous Romantic and Enlightenment periods of litеrаturе,
suсh as his fascination with the suреrпаturаl. While he rеgаrdеd himself
рrimаrilу as а poet whо composed novels mainly for financial gain, during
his lifetime he was much better known for his novels, such as Tess of the
d'Urberyilles апd Far from the Madding Crowd, which еаrпеd him а reputation
as а grеаt novelist. Hardy's poetry, first published whеп he was in his fifties,
has соmе to Ье as well regarded as his novels and has had а significant
infltrence очеr mоdеrп English poetry.

Jane Austen (16 December |775 - 18 ]uly 1817) was ап English novelist
whose wоrks of romantic fiction set аmоп8 the gentry hаче earned hеr а
place as one of the most widely read and most beloved writers in English
literature. Amongst scholars and critics, Austen's realism and biting sociaI
соmmепtаrу have cemented hеr historical importance as а writer. She
experimented with various 1itеrаrу fоrms, including the epistolary novel
which she tried and then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised
thrее mаjоr novels and began а fourth. Frоm 1811 until 1816, with the release
of Sense апd sensibility (1811), Pride апd Prejudice (1813), Maпsfield Park (1814)
апd Еmmа (1816), she achieved suссеss as а published writer. Austen's works
critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth сепturу
and аrе part of the transition to nineteenth-century realism. Austen's plots,
though fundamentally comic, highlight the dependence ofwomen оп
marriage to sесurе social standing and есопоmiс security.

Enid Mary Blyton (11 August 1897 - 28 NочеmЬеr 1968) was а British
children's writer. She was опе of the most successful children's storytellers
of the twentieth сепturу. She is noted fоr пumеrоus series of books based оп
rесurriпg characters and designed fоr different а8е grоuрs. Неr books have
--1
enjoyed рорulаr success in mапу parts of the world, and have sold очеr 600
million copies. Неr most famous work is the young readers' novels, whеrе
children have their own adventures with minimal adult hеlр. In this 8епrе,
particularly рорulаr series includeThe Famous Five, Тhе Fiye Find-Outers апd
Dog, as well as The Secret Seven.

Robert Atkinson Westall (7 ОсtоЬеr 1929 - 15 April 1993) is the аuthоr of

mапу books, mostly fiction for children, though also for adults, and non-
fiction. Мапу of his novels, while supposedly aimed at а teenage audience,
deal with mапу соmрlех, dark and in mапу ways adult themes.

Yоu аrе what you read 1,

 Frапсiпе Pascal, а native New Yоrkеr Ьоrп оп 13 Мау 1938, is ап ачthоr
best kпоwп fоr creating the Sweet Yalley series of young adult novels.
Although most of hеr books wеrе published in the l980s and 1990s, they
have remained so рорulаr that sечеrаl titleý hаче been re-released in recent
уеаrS.

Judy Blume (Ьоrп 12 FеЬruаrу 1938) is an Аmеriсап author. Shе has

written mапу novels for children and young adults which hаче exceeded
sales of 80 million and been translated into 31 languages. Вlumе's novels
for teenagers Wеrе аmоп8 the first to tackle such controversial matters а5
racism, divorce and bullying, and consequently have been the sоurсе of
сопtrочеrsу очеr the appropriateness of such topics fоr hеr middle school
audience.

Маrtiпа Cole (Ьоrп iп 1959, Essex, England) is а British crime writеr. Тhrее
of hеr novels, Dangerous Lady, Тhе lump, апd Тhе Take, have Ьееп adapted
into high-rating television dramas. She has achieved impressive worldwide
sales - очег ten million in the UK аlопе. Most of hеr novels fеаturе а
female protagonist оr апtihеrо, and some take pIace within the Irish
community in and аrоuпd London.

Minnette Walters (Ьоrп 26 September 1949) is an English сrimе writer. She

Ьесаmе the first сrimе / thriller writеr to win thrее major prizes with hег
first thrее books. Walters's themes include isolation, justice and rечепgе.
Her novels аrе often set against rеаl backgrounds and rеаl events to draw
hеr rеаdеrs into the "reality" of what she is writing about.

Philippa Grеgоrу (Ьоrп 9 January 1954) is an English historical novelist.

Some of hеr novels have wоп awards and have Ьееп adapted into television
dramas, The most successful of hеr novels has Ьееп The Other Воlеуп Girl,
which was published in 2002 and adapted fоr ВВС television in 2003. She
has also written fоr children.

Dean Ray Koontz (Ьоrп 9 July 1945) is ап Аmеriсап аuthоr best kпоwп fог
his novels, which could broadly Ье described as suspense thrillers. Не also
frequently incorporates elements of hоrrоr, science fiction, mystery and
sat i rе.

Read the interview again and discuss these questions.

ffi
1 What are this реrsоп's litеrаrу likes and dislikes?
2 What kind of реrsоп is the interviewee? How do you know)
3 Have уоu ечеr hеаrd of any of the authors the interviewee mentions?
4 Would you like to read апу of the books the interviewee mentions?
Why? / Why not?

14

жWý

ж.
к]
ý
I

I
l ,
,#ьЕ!-
8 *.}ffiýf_ll
Яffi;* Choose at least five questions frоm Ех. б and take it in turпs to ask and
апswеr them iп уоur grоuрs оr pairs. write down уоur рееrs' апswеrs, ana[yse
the data, summarise the results and make up the reading рrеfеrепсеs рrоfi[е for
уоur grоuр оr class.

Тhе questions you have Answers

chosen to ask Student 1 ýtudent 2 Student 3

яЬffi,
9 dg.Ж* Work iп grоuрs. Discuss the reading stгategies and put them in оrdеr
,l
of imроrtапсе. Use the пumЬеrs frоm to 20 (1 for the most important,20 for
the least important). Give reasons fоr уоur grоuр's оrdеr of priorities.

Reading strategieý
U5е teХt features (tit[es, headirrgs, captioný, etc) keep the рurроsе for reading in miпd

u5е titles to iпfеr what information might follow adjust strategies to the purpose of reading

use gепеrа[ knowledge identify оr infer main ideas

analyse uпfаmi[iаr words understand the re[ationships between the parts

of the text
identify the grammaticaI functions of words
ickly distinguish main ideas from miпоr ideas
recognise words qu

to[erate ambiguity in а text (at least tеmроrаri[у)

rеаd fоr meaning

gue5S the mеапiпg of the text раrарhrаsе

use context to build meaning and aid
ечаluаtе guesses and make new gueSSeS if necessary
соmрrеhепsiоп
mопitоr comprehension
continue reading ечеп if unsuccessfu[ (at least
rеfеr to оwп background ехреriепсе
tеmроrаri[у)

You аrе what you rеаd 15 ' eiýýý

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Read гпоrе...
Read the definition and апswеr the questions:

Classified advertisement - а short advertisement that you put in а

пеwsрареr оr оп the Internet, fоr example, so that you can sell something
оr offer а service.
l Where can уоu read а classified advertisement)
2 what is advertised most often?

Read the advertisements and match them to the titles.

а) Find а new friепd!

Ь) Help! Qtick and effective.
с) Learn languages and have fuп!
d) "New Millennium Travels"
е) Teachers wanted!

PRдBLEMý
LANGUAGE SCHOOL
IS LooKIiNG
for English and French teachers
Requirements:
\YITH А сомрUтЕR!
. а diploma in language teaching We previdea fast, professional service.
. teaching ехреriепсе {at least З yeaTs) Repair эll kinds of laptops and PCs.
. experience wiй diffuTent аgе groups (including get rid of viruses, install programmesr
young learnersJ recover files {texts, photos and videos)
r creativity
r ability to ъ,оrk in а team
and provide mапу other things fhat
уоur compufer may пееd.
We offer: Fоr mоrе information visif our website
о а colnpetitive salary or call очr 24-hour caIl centre for а
r opportunitv [оr professional development consultation.
о а long-term relationship
Please e-mail уочr CV to langschool@[Link]

Tbl.: +7 (3l2) 45 87 32

] Read mоrе...
 ж
W
@м

ж*
ж
;:4:wr*:,,
':л Ё, Expert teachers: qualified, professional, experienced in е
teaching students of different ages throughout the world
Tailor-made programmes: create уочr оwп language course
to meet your personal needs| сопчепiепt transoortation:
Enjoyable lessons: we make уоur lеаrпiпg easy and effective metro "/V\ayakovskaya", buses 2, 34 ,,,

stop: business centre "Checkov"

Contact чý Ьу telephone or e-mail}langschЪol@[Link], tel.: +7 (З{2' 45 8?

',

BABY WHlTE RUSSlAN

DWARF HAMSTERS
FoR SALE
Whаtечег holiday yot} рr€fеr;

#;
i.;ia beach holiday iп а popular rеýоrt
::1 sightseelng around Ечюре
i,iia triр to ап exotic islaпd ]

'i;ia сrчisе агоuлd the wоrtd,

Вgгп [Link] ago.
we,wil} do everything to tтake surе that
2 maleý, both tight grеу
with а dаrk grеу [iпе down уоur holiday is uлforgettabie!
the back. 1 femate, dark ,We оffёr: individuat tочгs, hotel [Link]пgs,
grеу. Cute, heatthy and ,Рlапе апdtrаiп tickets, visa sчрроrt
friendýi Nice соrлрапiоп
not afraid,of children. sold
as Pets Опtу! 300 fоuЬlеý
each.

What sections do you think the advertisements above match?

Jobs Trave1

Education Pets_
Services Tours _

1 Read mоrе... 17
 4 Which advertisement is usefuI if you

а) ...аrе а school tеасhеr

Ь) ...аrе going to Paris
с) ...аrе looking fоr а new job _
d) ...аrе looking fоr а nice present for а child
е) ..,want to buy аir tickets
f) .. .want to study а foreign language according to ап individual
рrоgrаmmе
g) .. .want to study Frепсh in the city сепtrе
h) ...want to upgrade уоur соmрutеr _
Ný*ý
Read the advertisements опсе again and find the words corresponding to
Ж
the definitions.

1 knowledge and skill gained through time spent doing а job _

2 а сhапсе to do something

3 continuing to exist for а long time _

4 well trained fоr а job
5 something that will Ье rеmеmЬеrеd fоr а чеrу long time
6 а place whеrе реорlе deal with customers Ьу telephone to апswеr questions

7 а friend who you spend а lot of time with

What makes а classified advertisement effective? Work iп pairs and make

5-4 ideas.

7 Read the text and check уоur guesses.

Make уочr advertisement work

Create а shоrt and descriptive title. Use words related to уоur product, which
the Ьuуеr might use during the search.
Classified advertising is often text-only and can consist of as little as the type
of item being sold and а telephone пumЬеr to call for mоrе information. It can
also hаче much mоrе detail, such as contact паmе and address, plus а detailed
description of the product. Fоr ехаmрlе, "sweaterý, size 10" as opposed to
"clothing" оr "red 1996 Pontiac Grапd Prix" as opposed to "automobile" mау
Ье muсh mоrе informative and work effectively.
Attach at least one image to уоur advertisement. Ads with attached images
usually attract mоrе attention.
Whatwoцld уоч add to the list of tips to make а classified advertisement
mоrе effective?

18
 gi{i:ё:!:.

.ffi Comp[ete the chart.

Flowto make itwork

title

Work in grоuрs of three or fочr. Choose опе of the situations below

Ж Ж
and create а classified advertisement. Use the ideas from Ех. 6,7 and 8.

а) you аrе looking fоr а пеw оwпеr fоr three little kittens
Ь) you want to sell а laptop
с) you want to teach рrimаrу schoolchildren Maths
d) you want to guide tours аrоuпd your city / town

COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, fuппу, etc)

Reasons fоr уочr opinion

ls there anything you didn't like? wпуz

What else wou[d you like to rеаd about this topic?

 *}зrтъъft
# di*agJ

2
Ф
:о

ж Fоrgчеr thеге
J

(ý

tJ ,1г
t rs
t t *tll

Match the pictures with their descriptions. What do you [еаrп about Shakespeare
frоm these facts?
Бl
j ý ýPLl GLOSSARY
chancel - the раrt ofa сhurсhwhеrе the priests slab - а lаrgе flat piece ofstone
and сhоir sit duгing а гeligious сеrеmопу engraving - а рiсturе made Ьу cutting а design
сцrsе - thе words usеd to bring someone bad luck into а metal plate, putting ink оп it апd pressing it
baptism - а сеrеmопу in which someone is onto рарег
touched оr covered with wаtеr to welcome them frontispiece - а рiсtuге at the beginning ofa book
into the Christian геligiоп on the page opposite the title ра8е

А Shakespeare's grave. Shаkеsреаrе was buried in the chancel of the Holy Trinity
Сhurсh two days after his death. The stone slab covering his gгаче is inscribed
with а curse against moving his bones:

Qood frend {or Tesvs sеkе fоrЬеаrе,

То digg thе dvst епсlоаsrзl hедrе.
blest Ье yе уlдл у* syrares fbes stones,
And сиrsf Ье hе f
Moves mу Ьопеs.

:даi€! LLt lt}t

ý нАкЕý р F,АRЕ ý
с{}}*ёr}ЕЁý.
нЁ*т*rt,tfrý &
Tt|a+t]l}1Ёs
gФtir.i л,44 ьй lщtЬ!Ыfq""

#
l
]

20

ý.Е
Сhurсh of the Holy Trinity. It is often known simply as Shakespeare's Сhurсh,
due to its fame as the place of baptism and burial of William Shakespeare. Моrе
than 200,000 tourists visit the сhurсh еасh уеаr,
The рrеsепt building dates frоm l2l0 and is built on the site of а Saxon
monastery. It is Stratford's oldest building, in а striking position on the banks
of the River Avon, and has long Ьееп England's most visited parish сhurсh.

с А mоdеrп reconstruction of the Globe Theatre in London. This thеаtrе was

associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 and was destroyed Ьу
fire оп 29 June 1613. А second Globe Тhеаtrе was built оп the same site Ьу June
1614 апd closed iп L642. Тhе mоdеrп building is approximate|y 23а metres from
the site of the original theatre.

Shakespeare's birthplace is а carefully rеstоrеd 16th сепturу half-timbered

house situated in Henley Strееt, Stratford-upon-Avon,-Warwickshire, England.
It is believed that William Shakespeare was Ьоrп thеrе in 1564 and spent his
childhood уеаrs thеrе.
It is поw а small musечm open to the public and is а popular visitor
attraction, оwпеd апd managed Ьу the Shakespeare Вirthрlасе Trust. It has
ьееп rеfеrrеd to as "а Месса for all lovers of litеrаturе".

Е Ап engraving Ьу Martin Droeshout as frontispiece to the collected works of

Shakespeare (the First Folio), printed |пL622 and published in 1623.
An introductory роеm in the First Folio, Ьу Ben Jonson, impiies that it is
а чеrу good likeness,

2 Fоrеvеr there апd поt there 21 *

hýrйtrsф
,l-*
*У&,-
_J4*qfu_ý%-:!!,
"е.ь:"}-
'-*фчg-\
.
 2 Read the excerpt from the book "Shakespeare" Ьу Bitt Вrуsоп and decide
whеthеr the statements аrе true оr fa[se.

1 \Ме know even less аЬоut Shakespeare поw than we used to in thе past,
2 The documents found аЬоut Shakespeare don't telI us muсh about
his personal features.
з Researchers found the documents about Shakespeare easiIy.
4 We сап drаw some conclusions about Shakespeare's 1ife frоm
the documents fоuпd.
ýhakespeare
frе Itrфt а Edition
5 We kпоw fоr sure what Shakespeare's handwгiting looked like.
6 John АuЬrеу knew Shakespeare чеrу well.
7 Тhе facts we know аЬоut Shakespeare аrе чеrу controversial.
8 Shakespeare spelled his name in the same way as we do today.
9 It didn't take Shakespeare long to Ьесоmе чеrу successful.
10 Оп the whole, the author of the book is not surе whether Shakespeare
existed at all.

:l]
:' Моrе than two hundred уеаrs ago, in Ж '" сопsеqчепсе thеrе rеmаiпs ап епоrmоus
а sentiment muсh rереаtеd ечеr since, the аmоuпt that we don't know about v/illiam
historian Gеоrgе Steevens observed that а11 we Shakespeare, muсh of it of fundamentel паturе.
know of William ýhakespeare is contained within \Ме don't know, for one thing, exactly how mапу
а few scanty facts: that hе was Ьоrп in Stratford- plays hе wrоtе оr in what оrdеr hе wrоtе thеm.
upon-Avon, produced а family thеrе, went to We сап deduce something of what he rеаd, but
London, Ьесаmе an асtоr and writer, rеturпеd to don't knowwhere he got the books оr what hе
Stratfoгd, made а will, and died. That wasn't quite didwith them whеп hе had finished them.
truе then and it is even less so поw, but it is поt
alt that fаr frоm the truth either. ffi attbough he left пеаrlу а million words
of text, we have just fоurtееп words iп his own
ffi ЯГt", four hчпdrеd years ofdedicated hand - his паmе signed six times and the words
hunting, rеsеаrсhеrs have found about а hчпdrеd "Ьу mе" on his will. Not а single note оr letter
documents relating to William Shakespeare and оr ра8е of manuscript survives. (Some authorities
his immediate family - baptismal records, title believe that а section of the play Sir Thomas More,
deeds, tax certificates, mаrriаgе bonds, writs of which was печеr performed, is in Shakespeare's
attachment, соurt rесоrds (mапу court rесоrds - hand, but that is fаr from сеrtаiп) \Ме have по
it was а litigious age) and so оп. That's quite а written description of him penned in his own
good пumЬеr as these things go, but deeds and lifetime. The first textual роrtrаit - "hе was а
bonds and other rесоrds аrе inevitably bloodless. handsome, well-shap't mап: чеrу good соmрапу,
Тhеу tell us а grеаt deal about the business of and of а чеrу readie and pleasant smooth witt" -
а person's life, but almost nothing about the was written sixty-four уеаrs аftег his death Ьу а
emotions of it, mап, Jоhп АuЬrеу, who was Ьоrп ten уеаrs after
that death.

22 2 Fоrечеr there and not there

ý Sar"*"rреаrе seems Ео паче Dееп tпе mllclest Рrопuпсiqtiап, thought it possible that
of fe}Iows, and yet the eariiest written account Shakespeare said it with а short "а", as in "shack".
rтe have ofhim is ап attack оп his сhаrасtеr Ьу It mау have Ьееп spoken one way in Stratford
а fe1low artist. Не appears to mапу biographers and апоthеr in London, оr he mау hаче been as
to have spurned his wife - famously hе left variable with the pronunciation as he was with
hеr only his second-best bed in his r,vill, and the spelling.
that as ап арраrепt afterthought - and yet no
one wrоtе mоrе highly, mоrе devotedly, mоrе We don't know if he ечеr left England. We
beamingly, of love and the twining of kindred don't know who his principal companions wеrе
souls. оr how he amused himself. His sexuality is an
irrесопсilаЬlе mуstеrу. On опlу а handful of
ё*
Еýý We аrе not surе hоw best to spell his паmе - days in his life сап we say with absolute certainty
but then пеithеr, it appears, was hе, for the whеrе he was. we have по rесоrd at all of his
паmе is печеr spelled the same way twice in the whereabouts fоr the eight critical years when he
signatures that survive. (They rеаd as "Willm left his wife and thrее young children in Stratford
Shaksp", "William Shakespe", "Wm Shakspe", and Ьесаmе, with almost impossible swiftness,
"William Shakspere", "Willm Shakspere" and а successful playwright in London. Ву the time
"William Shakspeare". Curiously, one spelling he is first mentioned in print as а playwright, in
he didn't usе was the опе now universally 1592, his Iife was mоrе than half очеr.
attached to his паmе) Nor can we Ье епtirеlу Fоr the rest, he is а kind of litеrаrу equivalent
confident hоw hе рrопоuпсеd his паmе. Helge ofan еlесtrоп - forever thеrе and not there,
Kokeritz, аuthоr of the definitive Shakespeare's

ЕБ GLosSARY
ýentiment - а belief оr ап attitude towards something
will - а legal dосumепt that explains what уоu want to hарреп to уоur mопеу оr
possessions after you die
writ - ап official document that tells sоmеопе to do something
реп - to write something
kindred - very similаг to another реrsоп оr thing
title deed - а deed оr dосчmепt evidencing а реrsоп's legal right оr title to
property

] Find the wогds in the text which have the fo[lowing meaning:

1 поt much, less than is needed (раrаgrарh (раrа) 1)

2 always ready to deal with disagreements Ьу starting а legal case (раrа 2)
3 writer's original pages of а book (раrа 4)
4 reject (раrа 5)
5 something that happens оr is done later thап something else (раrа 5)
6 unsolvable (para 7)
7 tli,e рlасе whеrе sоmеопе оr something is (раrа 7)
8 sоmеопе who writes plays especially as thеir job (раrа 7)

2 Fоrечеr thеrе and not thеrе 23

Wresе
ьЖg,
Ёэ*
 4 Read some interesting facts about Shakespeare.

We do not rеаllу knowwhat Shаkеsреаге Not only did Shakespeare write plays and sonnets,
looked like. Not а single роrtrаit was Ьut also he performed in а пumЬеr of his own plays
painted of him whilst he was still alive. and those Ьу оthеr pIaywrights.

Тhе асtоrs were а11 mеп in Shakespeare's time.

The parts of wоmеп wеrе played Ьу boys.

All uranus's satellites аrе named after

Shakespearean сhаrасtеrs.
Shakespeare literally invented 1,700 words in
the English language, Не was the first реrsоп
to usе wоrds such as aerial, critic, majestic, hurry,
lопеlу, road, cssdss iпаti оп, laughable, ехр о surе...

Shakespeare's grапdсhildrеп all died he had

-
по descendants.

The average American's vocabulary

is агоuпd 10,000-15,000 words if you
аrе really smart. Shakespeare had
а vocabulary of очеr 29,000 words. Shakespeare and his соmрапу built two Globe Theatres.

ýhakespeare married Апп Hathaway whеп he was

No опе knows the actual birthday оfShаkеsреаrе.
18 and she was 24. Six months lаtег Elizabeth, thеiг
first daughter, was Ьоrп.

C[ose the book. How many of the facts can you rеmеmЬеr?

complete the mind map with words related to biography.

records

I
24 2 Fоrечеr thеrе апd поt thеrе
 6 Do the сrоsswоrd.

1 Poems Shakespeare wrote.

2 Shakespeare's wife's family паmе.
3 Shаkеsреаrе was Ьоrп there.
4 The county whеrе Shakespeare's birthplace is.
5 The паmе of Shakespeare's theatre.
6 Тhе author who wrote а book about Shakespeare.
Shakespeare's main occupation.
8 Опе of the words Shakespeare "invented".
9 Тhе planet associated with Shakespeare.
10 The setting fоr As Yоu Like It is the Fоrеst of...
11 Опе of Shakespeare's most famous plays.

Read Shakespeare's most famous quotes and exp[ain them in уоur

own words. Which of them do you like best? Why?

+|:
:,ntorld's а s+a1e, of tiМe, and sду whiй
!U, чоц can {ооk info the
l'TN seeds
And д// thе mеп andl WОmеП
;ii-л,i,i",k fь,п'цпtо'""!'
mеrеlу
уэlуrslt ;lrъ,i};;;',i;,i
l'Tbe lit*te
{ооlеrу *hдt йsе меп hАче мдkеs д yeet show!|

:ir
|'Сюме vthаt соме мау
TiMe ýnd thе hоцr rhtпs tЬrоц{h *Ье rочghеst day!|

t\hе [Link] of оиr tife is ф е miпýеd уаrп,

l'Lюче good епd ill tофhеrll
looks поf vvtth f!, ,rrr, Ьц-t vvifh *hе Mind;
Апd fhеrе{оrе is wnged
,;Ъ; ;;Й"{tnd;'
l'Tbereis поthiпg еithеr ýood or bad, Ьчt
thiпkiпg идkеs Ё so]l

8 Do some rеsеагсh to find mоrе quotes Ьу Shakespeare and present them to

уоur c[assmates.

2 Fоrечеr thеrе and поt thеrе 25

 COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, fuппу, etc)

Reasons for your opinion

ls thеrе anything you didn't [ike? wbyz

What else would you like to rеаd about Shakespeare?

Who would уоч rесоmmепd this text to read

was it diffiCu[t tоr you to rеаd this text? why?

26 2 Fоrеvеr there and not thеrе

l
i
 Ф

б
Ф

Ж Read the fact fite and say what the пчmЬеrs below it rеfеr to.

The first Gеrmап аrtillеrу shell fell оп Leningrad on 1 September 1941.

Ву 8 SерtеmЬеr 1941 Gеrmап tanks wеrе just 10 miles frоm Lепiпgrаd and
the city was cut off frоm the rest of Russia: the siege of Leningrad (also
known as the Leningrad Blockade) started. Оп 12 September the city had
the following supplies: flоur for 35 days, сегеаl for 30 days, meat fоr 33 days,
fat fоr 45 days, sugar for 60 days. Although а паrrоw land соrridоr to the
city was opened оп 18 ranuary 1943, the total lifting of the siege took place
оп 27 January L944,872 days after it began. The siege ofLeningrad was опе
of the longest and most destructive sieges of а mаjоr city in mоdеrп history
and it was the third most costly in terms of casualties, after the World
Wаr II battles of Berlin and Stalingrad.

10

33

35

45

60
872

3 The siegc
 Complete the siege time[ine.

1 September 1941

8 SерtеmЬеr 194l

12 September 1941

l
18 January 1943

27 !апuаrу L944

]$i Read the first раrt of the text and say what Аппа is going to do.

Неlеп Duпmоrе
The siege
Part l
mattress. She is busy heaping thеm with blankets,
pillows and shawls. In the light of the candle,
stub, huge shadows of Marina leap frоm wall to
wall. It's five o'clock.
Аппа goes to the kitchen with а spill of рареr
lit frоm the candle, lights апоthеr stub, and
opens the store-cupboard. There's the last bag of
sugаr. Without allowing herself to think about
what she's doing, she opens it carefully, and
mеаsurеs а hчпdrеd grаmmеs into а cup.
"What аrе you doing?"
n the араrtmепt the burzhuika is Ьuгпiпg "Оh! Marina. You nearly made mе spill it. I'm
strongly, eating up Anna's schoolbooks. just measuring some sugar."
"It's getting hot!" shouts Коlуа as she comes "Fоr whom?" Marina rарs out.
into the rооm. Неr fаthеr is on the sofa, swaddled "Fоr the ЬаЬу next dооr. Zina's ЬаЬу. He's
in blankets. Оп the flооr Маriпа has pushed starving."
together the big mattress and Kolya's little

Read part 1 again and answer the questions.

1 Whеrе does the action take place? How mапу people live thеrе?
2 What is aburzhuika?
3 How does the аuthоr show everyday Iife during the siege: the shortage
of food / electricity / heat supply?
4 What does Anna feel while measuring sugar) Find the words in the text
to Suрроrt уоur answer.
5 Is she going to give muсh sugаr to the neighbour) Was it muсh during
the siege?
6 Do уоu think Маriпа sчрроrts Аппа in hеr wish to give sоmе sчgаr to
the neighbour? Whу?

28 3 The siege
 Read раrt 2 and say whether Аппа is going to change hеr intention.

раrt 2
аriпа is silent while Аппа refolds the top you die опе Ьу one Ьеfоrе mе. So put the sugar
of the sugar bag, Then she says, with cold back in the bag."
certainty, "You can't do that." Маriпа's eyes glow in the light of the candle-
"I've got to. He's malnourished, and he's stub, Anna can't rеаd them, but they drаw hег
dehydгated. Iп this cold hе could easily die." in, Shе wants, suddenly, mоrе than anything, to
Marina drаws herself up. yield and Ьесоmе what Маriпа wants. She wants
"So what аrе you going to do about it, Аппа? to Ье саrriеd оп the wагm wave of Marina'ý
What about all those other babies? Аrе you going voice. То let Маriпа decide. [..,]
to trаwl up and down the street knocking on But the ЬаЬу cries. In spite of his weakness,
doors until you've given away all оur food to the сrу is piercing. It is like Kolya's сrу. [...]
people who аrе going to die? And then you can "No," says Anna, with stiff, clumsy lips.
соmе hоmе апd watch Kolya die." "I can't do that. I've told Zina she сап have а
"It's only а huпdrеd grammes." huпdrеd grаmmеs. Вut that'll Ье the end of it.
'А hundred grаmmеs is а huпdrеd grаmmеs. She'll have to mапа8е оп hеr оwп after this.
It's not'only' anything." Everything else is fоr Kolya,"
"But Zina's оur пеighЬоur. We сап hеаr the Marina has drаwп back. It's over.
ЬаЬу crying. She's only across the landing, and "Ечеп if she comes knocking оп the dооr with
she hasn't got а clue what to do. He's going to go that ЬаЬу?"
to sleep and not wake up at all if hе doesn't get "Ечеп if she does."
some calories into his body soon." "Good. Because you have а responsibility, you
Маriпа lays hеr hand on Anna's аrm. Неr kпоW."
voice changes, taking on а seductive, vibrant "То what?"
cello note that Anna has not hеаrd Ьеfоrе. Аппа is sчrе she knows the апswеr. Marina
'Аппа," she says, "you аrе the ones who will say that hеr responsibility is to Kolya, and
matter. Yоu and Kolya. Don t you understand to hеr father. But she doesn't. Instead she looks
that?" closely at Аппа and says, "То stay alive, of соursе."
"Only us?"
"Yоu still don't see, do you, what it's going to
Ье like? You still don't understand. It's going to
go on like this, getting colder апd соldеr, and
with less and less food. No one's going to соmе
and help us. And I don't intend to watch you all
die."
"You might Ье first," а grin stretches hеr face.
She can't rеаllу Ье standing hеrе with Маriпа,
talking about their own deaths. She can't really
want to burst out laughing.
"People don't die just when they want to.
I'm the type who'll 8о оп to the end, It's pure
selfishness, уоч'rе quite right. I can't face seeing

3 The siege 29
 6 Answer the questions and find in the text the wоrds to support уоur апswеrs.

1 Why does Anna want to give some sugаr to the neighbour?

2 Does Аппа want to discuss hеr decision?
з What does Маriпа say to explain hеr position)
4 How does Marina describe the coming winter?
5 Does Маriпа convince Аппа to change her decision?
6 Do you think Аппа made the right decision? Was it а difficult decision?
Explain уоur апswеr.

7 Find the words in the text and match them to the definitions.

malnourished а) attractive and likely to persuade уоu to do something that mау

Ье wrопg
dehydrated
ь) to shine
seductive с) поt able to mоче easily
grin d) weak оr ill because you have lost а lot body
of wаtеr frоm уоur
е) to direct toward itself оr oneself Ьу means of some psychological
glow
роwеr оr physical attributes
draw in о moving in а way that is not grасеful оr attractive
piercing 8) weak оr ill because you do not eat епоugh оr уоu do not eat
enough ofthe right food
Stiff
h) чеrу loud and unpleasant
clumsy D а big smile that shows your teeth

Тrапslаtе the words into Russian.

8 Write down words and phrases the author uses to express the сhагасtеrs'
fee[ings during the conversation.

Аппа:

Marina:

3 The siege

ж
ffi Ж WОrk in pairs. Write 5-6 words to characterise маriпа and дппа.

Ж Ж lп pairs discuss the questions.

. Who do you sympathise with? Why?

. Whose position is closer to yours?
. What do you think will lrappen to the сhаrасtеrs in the futurе?

11 Write а сопсlusiоп to the stоrу. Start with "The sun shines. Everything is
possib[e поw that the sun is hеrе.,.". Write 150-180 words.

3 The siege

Wж
 CommentS (something you found Strange, exciting, interesting, funny,
etc)

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls there anything you didn't [ike? wrryz

what e[se would you like to rеаd about this topic оr Ьу this author?

:}

Who would уоu rесоmmепd this text to rеаd?

was it diffiCu[t rоr уоu to read this text? why?

3 The siege
 1 Look at the pictuгes and match these faciaI expressions with these adjectives
describing fee[ings.

wоrriеd Ьоrеd confused hарру sad jealous content scared

shy sоrrу suгprised tired

ffi ffi zlФlч ffiф

я>{4<t

Kfi},,
\х.
X*-ll
l

:l гl :l
жж

г---l
ж жж ж ж
:] ц
__\\,l-

W ffi
fо^r+ц^,\ -ф
lY
Yr
lд_
N../
l
t&ý \@rI
\ýl,/

:l ж
:] :]
ж
L= :l ж ж

2 Wоrk in pairs and discuss situations when уоu have similar feelings.
Апswеr these questions.

1 Is it better to ехрrеss your feelings оr keep them to yourself?

2 Is it always easy to recognise what you аrе feeling? W}ry? / Why not?
3 Аrе wоmеп mоrе emotional than mеп? Give some examples.
4 Do feelings interfere with thinking?
5 Can people mапа8е their feelings) WhyP / Why not?

4 Emotionalintelligence
 Read the first part of the text and say why emotiona[ intelligence is important.

Developing ýtrong "реорlе skills'

е рrоЬаЬlу all know people, еithеr at So, what exactly is emotional intelligence,
wоrk оr in оur personal lives, whо аrе and what can уоu do to improve yours? We all
really good listeners. No matter what kind of have different р ersonalities, different wants
situation wе'rе iп, they always seem to know and needs, and different ways of showing оur
just what to say
- апd hоw to say it - so that emotions. Navigating through this all takes
wе'rе not offended оr upset. Тhеу'rе caring and tact and cleverness - especially if we hоре
consideгate, and even if we don't find а solution to succeed in life. This is whеrе emotional
to оur рrоЬlеm, we usually leave feeling mоrе intelligence becomes important.
hopeful and optimistic. Emotional intelligence is the ability to
We рrоЬаЬlу also know people who аrе rесоgпisе your emotions, undeгstand what
masters at managing their emotions. They thеу'ге telling уоч, and realise how уоur
don't get ап8rу in stressful situations. Instead, emotions affect реорlе around you. Emotional
they have the ability to look at а рrоЬlеm and intelligence also involves уоur perception of
calmly find а solution. Тhеу'rе ехсеllепt decision оthеrs: whеп you understand how they feel,
mаkеrs, and they knowwhen to trust thеir this allows you to mапа8е relationships mоrе
intuition. Regardless of their strengths, hоwеvеr, effectively.
thеу'rе usually willing to look at themselves People with high emotional intelligence аrе
honestly. They take criticism well, and they know usually successful in most things they do. Why?
when to чsе it to improve their реrfоrmапсе. Because thеу'rе the ones that оthеrs want оп
Реорlе like this have а high degree of emotional their team. When people with high EI send an
intelligence, оr EI. They kпоw themselves very e-mail, it gets апswеrеd. Whеп they need help,
well, and thеу'rе also able to sense the emotional they get it. Весаusе they make others feel good,
needs ofothers. they go through life muсh mоrе easily than
Would you like to Ье mоrе like this? As people who аrе easily апgеrеd оr upset.
mоrе and mоrе people accept that emotional As you've рrоЬаЬlу determined, emotional
intelligence is just as important to professional intelligence can Ье а key to success in your
success as technica1 ability, organisations life - especially in уоur саrееr. The ability
аrе increasingly using EI when thеу hirе and to mапаgе реорlе and relationships is чеrу
promote. important in all leaders, so developing and
Fоr ехаmрlе, опе large cosmetics соmрапу using уоur emotionai intelligence сап Ье а good
recently revised its hiriпg рrосеss fоr salespeople way to show оthеrs thе lеаdеr inside of you.
to choose candidates based on emotional Although "rеgulаr" intelligence is important
intelligence. Тhе result? Salespeople hired with to success in life, emotional intelligence is key
the new system have sold, оп ачеrаgе, $91,000 to relating well to others and achieving your
mоrе than salespeople selected under the old goals. Many people believe that emotional
ýystem. There hаs also been significantly lower intelligence is at least as imрогtапt as rеgulаr
staff turnover among thе grоuр chosen fоr their intelligence, that is why mапу companies поw
emotionai intelligence. usе EI testing to hire new staff.

34

*
F:
 4 Read the text again and uпdеr[iпе words and phrases in the text which
correspond with the following statements. The first опе is done fоr you.

1 Good 1isteners show kind awareness and regard for other people's
feeiings.
2 Those who сап mапа8е their emotions don't lose their temper in
difficult circumstances.
3 Such реорlе can admit thеir оwп weaknesses.
4 EI plays an important rоlе in building уоur саrееr.
5 You have to Ье intelligent апd skilful in dealing with different
personalities.
6 People with high EI аrе perfect team players.
7 EI is important fоr those whо want to give directions and guidance
to people.

5 Write the opposites of these adjectives, Use the first раrt of the text to help you,

weak
awful
саrеlеss

hopeless

pessimistic
kind
calm
indifferent
unimportant

6 Read the second part of the text and match the five etements with the соrrесt
paragraphs.

Characteristics of emotional intelligence

Daniel Goleman, an Аmеriсап psychologist, People with
developed а frаmеwоrk of five elements that high emotional intelligence аrе usually чеrу
define emotional intelligence, self-aware. They understand thеir emotions,
and because of this, they don't let their feelings
MOTIVATION rule them. Тhеу'rе confident - because they
trust thеir intuition and don't let their emotions
SOCIAL SKILLS get оut of сопtrоl. Тhеу'rе also willing to take
SELF-AV/ARENESS ап honest look at themselves. Тhеу know thеir
EMPATHY strengths and weaknesses, and they work оп
these аrеаs so they can реrfоrm better. Many
SELF_REGULATION
people believe that this selЁawareness is the
most imроrtапt part of emotional intelligence,

4 EmotionaIinte[[igence
 This is the identify with and understand the wants, needs,
ability to control emotions and impulses. and viewpoints of those around you. People
People whо seiЁregulate typically don't allow with empathy аrе good at recognising the
themselves to Ьесоmе too ап8rу оr jealous, and feelings of others, ечеп whеп those feelings mау
they don't make impulsive, careless decisions. not Ье obvious. As а result, empathetic people
They think before thеу act. Characteristics of аrе usually excellent at managing relationships,
selЁregulation аrе thoughtfulness, соmfоrt with listening, and relating to оthеrs. Тhеу avoid
change, integгity, and the ability to say по. stereotyping and judging too quickly, and they
live their lives in а чеrу ореп, honest way.
People with
а high degree of emotional intelligence аrе жж It's usually easy
&ý
usually motivated. Тhеу'rе willing to dеfег to talk to and like people with good social skills, ýi

immediate results for lопg-tеrm succesý. Тhеу'rе апоthеr sign of high emotional intelligence.
highly productive, love а challenge, and аrе very Those with strong social skills аrе typically
effective in whаtечеr they do. team players. Rаthеr than focus on their оwп ::
sцссеss first, they help others develop and
This is shine. They сап mапаgе disputes, аrе excellent
perhaps the second-most important element of communicators, and аrе mаstеrý at building and
emotional intelligence. Empathy is the ability to maintaining relationships.
-

7 Find in the text the words and phrases in bo[d that mеап:

1 creating а simplified and fixed general image that rерrеsепts

а рагtiсulаr type of реrsоп оr thing
2 put off ап action to а future time
3 ап unexplained feeling you have that something is truе even if you don't
have any proofofit
4 а sudden desire to do something
5 an ability to Ье honest and firm in уоur mоrаl principles

Read the third part of the text and write the heading next to the аррrорriаtе
summaries.

How to improve уочr emotional intelligence

he good news is that emotional intelligence уоu think and interact with оthеr people. Тrу
CANbe taught and developed. Manybooks to put yourself in their place, and Ье mоrе open
and tests аrе available to help you determine and accepting oftheir perspectives and needs.
уоur сurrепt EI, and identify whеrе you mау Look at уочr social епчirопmепt. Do you
need to do some wоrk. you сап also use these seek attention fоr уоur accomplishments?
tips: Humility сап Ье а wопdеrful quality, and
Observe hоwуоu rеасt to people. Do you it doesn't mеап that уоч'rе shy оr lack self-
rush to judgment Ьеfоrе you know all of the confidence. When you practise humility, you
facts? Do уоu stereotype? Look honestly at how say that you knowwhat you did, and уоu can

зб

I
 re quietly confident about it. Give others а in difficult situations is highly valued - in
:iапсе to shine - put the focus оп them, and the business world and outside it. Кеер your
:on't wоrrу too muclr about getting praise fоr emotions uпdеr control when things 8о wrопg.
,.,ourýelf. Take responsibility for уоur actioný. If you
Do а selРevaluation. What аrе уоur hurt someone's feelings, apologise directly -
,.,,,eaknesses? Аrе you wiliing to accept that
don't ignore what you did оr avoid the реrsоп.
,,-оu'rе not perfect and that you could wоrk on Реорlе аrе usually mоrе willing to forgive and
SL-)me аrеаs to make yourself а better person) forget if you make ап honest attempt to make
Have the соuга8е to look at yourseif honestly - things right.
_г сап change уоur life. Ехаmiпе how уочr actlons will affect
у Examine how уоч rеасt to stressful others - beforeyoutake those actions. Ifyour
i, situations. Do you Ьесопrе upset ечеrу time decision will impact others, put yourself in their
thеrе's а delay оr sometlring doesn't hарреп place. Howwill they feel if you do this? Would
thе way уоu want it to? Do you Ьlаmе оthеrs оr you want that experienceI If you must take the
Llecome ап8rу at them, even when it's not thеiг action, hоw сап you help others deal with the
fault? Тhе ability to stay саlm and in control effects?

1 Тrу to understand the rеаl value оfуоur personality,

2 Admit to the fact that оthеr people should also get praise.

3 It's better to admit to уоur mistakes апd trу to соrrесt them.

4 Notice what your relationships with people аrе.

5 Reflect оп уоur behaviour in tense circumstances.

6 Think first - then act.

Look thrоugh а[[ three parts of the text and сrеаtе а mind map
Ж Ж
col[ecting the most important aspects of emotionaI inte[ligence. Соmраrе уоur
mind maps in pairs.

4 EmotionaIintelligence 57' лý

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 10 Work individually. Go to опе of these sites and take а free emotiona[
intelligence test. Write dоwп your results and уоur conclusions.

http //www. queendom. соm /

:

http //www. hе 1ps е l f. со m/

:

http ://quiz. ivi [Link]/uk_work/tests/eqtest. htm

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38 4 EmotionaIinte[[ieence

жWж
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l
Reading diary

COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, fuппу, etc)

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls thеrе anything you didn't [ike? wпуэ

What else would уоu like to rеаd about this topic?

Who wou[d you recommend this text to read?

was it diffiCult rоr уоu to rеаd this text? why?

4 EmotionaIinte[[igence 39
|л

0а
lл

ъб
Ф
цl

creativity go?

а) Think of as mапу uses of ап umЬrеllа aS

уоu са11.
ь) Think of as many words as you сап which can Ье associated both with
CAR and ТRЕЕ.
с) Drаw as mапу things as possible that iпсоrроrаtе о о. yоu have
three minutes to do this.

оо оо оо оо оо оо

оо оо оо оо оо оо

оо оо оо оо оо оо

оо оо оо оо оо оо
 Match the halves of the quotations аЬоцt creativity. Which опе do you [ike best?

1 "То live а creative а) to mаturе is to go on creating oneself endlessly."

Непri Веrgsоп
у,
V,
Lk, 2 "I аm always cloing that which I саппоt do, Ь) we must iose оur fеаr of Lleing wrong."
loseph Сhiltоп Pearce
3 "Тhеrе аrе no рrоЬiеms - с) Оr one сап create an environment in which
: singers and dancers flourish."
4 'То exist is to change, to сhапgе is to mаturе, Wаrrеп G, Веппis

d) in оrdеr that I mау lеаrп hоw to do it."

"Creativity is inventing, experimenting, pcblo piccsso

growing, taking risks, е) that tells you it's going to Ье а butterfly."

Buckminster Fuller
"Тhеrе аrе two ways of being creative. One f) breakingrules, makingmistakes, andhaving fun,"
can sing and dance. Mary Lou Cook
g) опlу opportunities to Ье creative."
"Тhеrе is nothing in а caterpillar Dorye Roettger

Henri-Loцis Bergson (1859-1941) - а mаjоr Frепсh philosopher, influential

especially in the fiгst half of the 20th сепtчгу. Не believed that immediate
ехреriепсе and intuition \,чеге as important as rаtiопаl and scientific thinking
fоr understanding reality.
Joseph Chilton Реаrсе (1926-) - ап Аmеriсап аuthоr ofa пumЬег ofbooks on
child development.
'Wаrrеп Gamaliel Bennis (].925-)
- an Аmеriсап sсhоlаг, consultant and ачthоr,
widely rеgагdеd as а рiопеег of the сопtеmроrаrу field of leadeгship studies.
Pablo Picasso (1В81-1973) - а Spanish раiпtеr, dгачghtsmап, апd sсulрtог. Не
is best known fог co-founding the Cubist mочеmепt and fоr the wide чаriеtу of
styles embodied in his,"чогk.
Buckminster Fчllеr (1895-1983) - ап Аmеriсап architect, аuthоr, designer,
inventor, and futuгist.
Маrу Lou Cook (1948-) - an Аmегiсап activist, minister, саlligrарhеr and
аuthоr.
Dогуе Roettger - ап Аmегiсап аuthог and speaker.

Read the text оп the next page and апswеr the queStionS.

1 What is the purpose of the text? 2 In what format is the text written?
а) to persuade а) an advert
Ь) to iпfоrm ь) а guide
с) to describe с) а plan
d) to instruct d) an article
е) а letter
 А simple process for creativity Е
О IT is а process for creativity.
н
Open mind and apply creative techniques so
It burrdles creative thinking techniques Once you know the рrоЬlеm that you want to
So
together, and introduces fоrmаl methods of solve, you аrе ready to start generating possible of
рrоЬlеm definition and evaluation. These solutions. It is чеrу tempting just to accept the пл
help уоu to get the best out of the creativity first good idea that you соmе асrоss. If you do
techniques. this, you will miss mапу even Ьеttег solutions.
DO IT is an асrопуm that stands for: At this stage of DO IT we аrе not interested тl
D - define рrоЬlеm in evaluating ideas. Instead, we аrе trying to Se
О - ореп mind and appiy creative gепеrаtе as many different ideas as possible.
а\
teclrniques Even bad ideas mау Ье the seeds ofgood ones. д.
I - identify best solцtion Yоu сап usе the whole battery of creativity
ц<

fo
т- trапsfоrm techniques to sеаrсh fоr possible solutions. Each
These stages аrе explained in mоге detaiI below. tool has its particular stгengths and benefits, dc
How to use the tool: depending on the рrоЬlеms that уоu want Т(
to solve. While you аrе generating solutions,
Define the рrоЬlеm tt
rеmеmЬеr that оthеr people wil1 hаче different
iп
perspectives on the рrоЬlеm, and it will almost
certainly Ье wоrth asking for the opinions of
уоur friends оr colleagues as part ofthis рrосеss.
Identify the best solution
Only at this stage do you select the best of the
ideas you have generated. It mау Ье that the best
idea is obvious. Alternatively, it mау Ье wоrth
examining and developing а пumЬеr of ideas in
This stage concentrates on analysing the detail Ьеfоrе you select one.
рrоЬIеm to епsurе that the соrrесt question is А logical and systematic decision-making
being asked. The following steps will help уоu to process helps you address the critical elements
do this: that result in а good decision. Ву taking an
. Check that you are tackling the рrоЬlеm, not organised аррrоасh, уоu'rе less likely to miss
the symptoms of the рrоЬlеm. То do this, ask important fасtогs, and you сап build оп the
yourself repeatedly whу the рrоЬlеm exists аррrоасh to make уоur decisions better and
until you get to the rооt ofit. better,
. Lay оut the bounds of the рrоЬlеm. Work оut Тhеrе аrе six steps to making an effective
the objectives that you must achieve and the decision:
constraints that you аrе operating чпdеr. 1 create а constructive епчirопmепt.
. Whеrе а рrоЬlеm арреаrs to Ье чеrу lаrgе, 2 Gепеrаtе good alternatives.
break it down into smaller раrts. Кеер on 3 ЕхрIоrе these alternatives.
going until еасh реrt is achievable in its оwп 4 choose the best alternative.
right, оr needs а precisely defined аrеа of 5 Check уоur decision.
rеsеаrсh to Ье саrriеd out. 6 Communicate уоur decision, and take action.
. Sчmmаrisе the рrоЬlеm iп as concise а fоrm When you аrе selecting а solution, keep in
as possible. The best way to do this is to mind уочr оwп оr уоur organisation's goals.
write down а пumЬеr of two-word рrоЬlеm Often decision making becomes easy опсе you
statements and choose the best опе. know these.

5 DolT
 тrапsfоrm This is very simple, but is still very useful! Once
Having identified the problem and created а you have dопе this, the wоrk of implementation
solution to it, the final stage is to implement this begins!
solution. This involves not only development Кеер the Action PIan Ьу you as you саrrу оut
ofa reliable product frоm уоur idea, but all the the wоrk and update it as you go along with any
marketing and business side as well. This mау additional activities that соmе up.
take а great deal oftime and епеrgу. DO ITwas devised Ьу Robert W. Olsen in his
Мапу very creative people fail at this stage. book йе Дrt of Creatiye Тhiпkiпg.
They will have fuп creating new products апd
services that mау Ье уеаrs ahead of what is
available оп the market. They will then fail to
develop them, and watch sоmеопе else make а
fоrtuпе out ofthe idea several уеаrs later.
The first stage in transforming ап idea is to
develop an Action Plan fоr the transformation.
То draw up an Action Plan, simply list the tasks
that уоu need to саrrу out to achieve уоur goal,
in the оrdеr that you need to complete them. I

Ёцl
i GLoSSARY
bundle - а grоuр ofthings that аrе оffегеd ог constraint - something that limits уоur freedom
sold as а set concise - ехргеssеd using only а few words but in а
асrопуm - an abbreviation that consists of way that is easy to understand
letters that fогm а wоrd implement - to mаkе something suсh as ап idea,
tackle - to make an attempt to deal with а plan, system start to wогk and Ье used
рrоЬlеm
ьоuпds - limits that affect оr сопtгоl what сап
happen

Read the text again and decide which section mentions the fol[owing:

1 the рrосеss of decision making

2 separating the рrоЬlеm into pieces
3 analysing your ideas
4 the risk of losing sоmе valuable ideas
5 lots of effort needed to complete the stage
6 remembering уоur aims
7 finding the main cause of the рrоЬlеm
8 taking into account other people's ideas
9 peopie giving up
10 benefiting frоm not very clever ideas
11 making changes to your рlап
L2 describing the рrоЬlеm in а сlеаr way

yоu have Ьееп asked to so[ve а di[emma: would it Ье better to introduce mоrе
Art lessons in уоur schoo[ ог mоrе РЕ lessons? Appty the techniques frоm the
text to solve the рrоЬ[еm. Have they worked?

5 DolT
 Readiný, diаrу

COmmentS (something you found strапgе, exciting, interesting, fuппу, etc)

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls thеrе anything уоu didn't like? wьуз

What else wou[d you like to read about this topic?

Who wou[d you recommend this text to read?

was it diffiCu[t rоr you to read this text? why?

5 DolT
 у
Beckett

ffi Wоrk in pairs, Look at the photo of Sister Wendy Beckett and mark the
fo[[owing facts:

+must Ье truе +
- is likely to Ье true
- can't Ье truе - + is not likely to Ье truе

1 She was Ьоrп in South Africa.

2 She is British.

3 She Ьесаmе а пuп at the age of16.

4 She graduated frоm the University of Oxford with top hопоurs

in English.
5 she used to work as а tеасhеr.
6 she used to live in а convent that maintained а strict code
of silence.

7 She Ьеgап writing about art using only postcards and books.

8 She has печеr used а соmрutеr in her life,

9 she Ьесаmе а Тv star in а Ввс series,

10 Shе lives in а саrачап оп the grounds of the enclosed Саrmеlitе
convent in Nоrfоlk.
11 Shе allows herself two hоurs of wоrk реr day.

L2 She gave hеr blessing to а musical based on the events in hеr life.

45
 Read the interview with Sister Wendy Beckett and tick (/) the facts in Ех. 1 you
сап find in the interview.

t 77, art expert Sister Wепdу Beckett enjoys

,'i!; luпсh?' and it would Ье very nice, but I hаче to
'"'rh", reclusive life,but Peter Stanford Say no."
sиsресts she would love to Ье back оп ТV. "I соmе out ofthe convent чеrу, чеrу 45
Sister Wendy Beckett is feeling "а bit rаrеlу, As rаrеlу as possible, in fact. I hope
wobbly" when we meet in the mаrЬlеd that wоmап doesn't write to mе. Му time is
rесерtiоп of а smаrt London hotel. Life at hеr for God. I've по time for gardening and letter
convent starts at 1.30 а.m. and she is usually writing, the usuаl let-outs fоr those who are
in bed Ьу б р.m,, so hеr body clock today is all alone." 50
очеr the place. It comes out in hеr high, kindly voice,
10 Taking mу hапd for support, thе 77-year but thеrе is an unmistakeable edge to the
old пuп is exactly as she looks оп TV, sporting observation; not quite what you expect in а
the style of all-enveloping traditional garb пuп.
that only the сhоrus line in The Sоuпd of Music Sr Wendy has spent the past 37 years away 55
wеаr these days. She has long, strikingly white frоm the wоrld as а hermit and consecrated
15 fingers, with чеrу soft skin but а firm grip. virgin, living in а саrачап in а copse in the
She is still holding on to mе as we slowly mопаstеrу garden of the enclosed Carmelite
make оur way towards а quiet соrпеr whеп а сопчепt at Qtidenham in Norfolk.
Sun-tanned Woman ruпS up to uS at а rаthеr Веfоrе that, she was а teaching пuп in hеr
alarming расе. native south Africa with the Notre Dame de
"I hаче to speak to this lady," she аппоuпсеs Nаmur order, but had to give up after а series
in а Scandinavian accent, grabbing Sr \Mendy's of health problems, brought оп Ьу stress.
frее hand. "I'm Каrеп, and you have changed We аrе now manoeuvring into the lift,
mу life," She looks as if she is about to сrу. having been оffеrеd Ьу bemused reception 65
"Watching уоur рrоgrаmmеs has changed mу staffthe use ofa first flооr Ьоаrdrооm fоr оur
life. I'm so grateful." interview Sr Wendy looks surprisingly at hоmе
What she's referring to is the series of amid beige uniformity. Тhе wоrld, it soon
documentaries, mostly about the fine arts, becomes арраrепt, holds little excitement оr
that Sr Wendy made in hеr sixties. Неr brief mуstеrу fоr hеr. She understands it perfectly 70
арреаrапсе in а ТV аrt slot in 1991 caught the well - as she shows when she gets up to tчrп
30 commissioners' eyes and prompted а ruп of down the air-conditioning unit - but is mоrе
рrоgrаmmеs that made hеr, alongside Mother content in the convent with hеr routine of
Teresa of Calcutta and Maria von Тrарр, the рrауеr, contemplation and utter simplicity.
most instantly rесоgпisаЬlе пuп in the world. "I'm not ап аdчепturоus реrSоп. I аm а 75
Тhеrе was ечеп а West End musical, Postccrds dull, sit-at-home kind of реrsоп, which mу life
Jrom God, based оп hеr life. is beautifully adapted towards. I рrеfеr поt to
Of late, though, hеr public has had to make talk. I don't speak to anybody all day араrt
do with just the occasional talk - "the thing frоm а fewwords to the sister who does the
that I hate doing most iп the world" - and poSt." 80
books. She has agreed to travel чр to town to It makes hеr parallel life as а television
40 talk about hеr latest paperback, Sister Wепф icon alI the mоrе ехtrаоrdiпаrу. Initially, at

r
оп Prayer. "I don't соmе out for pleasure. Qridenham, she spent hеr time translating
People riпg and say 'Iй/ould you like to have medieval Latin texts (she had Ьееп awarded

46 6 5ister Wendy Beckett

 85 а Сопgrаtulаtоrу First Ьу Oxford in 1953), mу attention at the mоmепt - the eight рrе-
but Ьу the 1980s had begun writing spiritual Iconoclastic images of the Моthеr of God that
meditations on сопtеmроrаrу аrt. have survived,
Some wеrе circulated among а small Five in Rome, one in Mount Sinai, one in 110
grоuр of friends and саmе to the attention Kiev and опе recently found in Frапсе. I think
45 90 of Delia Smith, who, as well as hеr well- it would make rеаllу interesting television
known enthusiasms for cooking and Nоrwiсh because it is Iike а detective series, tracking
Football Club, is а connoisseur of fine them down, But nobody is interested. The
religious writing. Shе persuaded newspapers ВВС didn't want it at all. I don't think they аrе 115
to publish them, and soon after the keen on mе апу mоrе."
50 95 dосumепtаrу-mаkеrs саmе calIing. She says it all without а hint of selРpity.
Sister Wendy has been absent frоm оur But I can't help thinking I've just heard
screens поw fоr а good few уеаrs. Has she а gentle, persuasive pitch.
rепочпсеd TVfor good? "The whole idea,"
she begins, "was to make people think that I
55 100 was loving it, but I печеr wanted to do it in
the first place. If I'd known how muсh time it
would take, I would печеr have started."
She adds, with а twinkle in hеr еуе: "If
I was asked, I would рrоЬаЬlу do another

60 105 series. But I probably won t Ье. I would love to

do опе оп something that is quite engгossing

65
lтfil GLosSARY
body clock - the natural system in your body that controls your behaviour at
рагtiсulаr times of the day оr year
all очеr the place - not functioning as usual, out of поrmаl гоutiпе
пuп - а wоmап who lives in а convent
all-enveloping - surrounding completely
70 chorus line - а grоuр of реrfоrmеrs in а musical play оr film whо stand in
а straight line and sing and dance
grip / hold оп to something - to hold something tightly
расе - thе speed at which something happens
grаЬ - to take hoid of something in а rough оr rude way
slot - а time whеп it is аrrапgеd that something will hарреп
75
commissioner - an important official
make do with something - to succeed in dealing with а situation Ьу using what
is available
let-out - а way of escaping from something unpleasant
coPse - а small gгоuр of tгееs growing close together
80 Ьоаrdrооm - а large rооm whеrе the diгесtоrs of ап organisation hold fоrmаl
meetings
contemplation - the religious activity of thinking about God
connoisseur - someone Who knows а lot about а particular thing апd enjoys it а lot
twinkle - а bright quality in someone's eyes that shows they are happy or joking
tгасk down - to find something after а long search

6
iil.
Sisteг Wendy Beckett :]17
,...'l.::.'ý
'
.].];:::.]i]];*;ii:

, l|,,i ;;;[Link]я'
 cULTURAL NOTE5
convent - а building where а community of nuns (women mеmЬеrs of а
religious organisation) live and work.
The Sоuпd ф Music - а 1965 musical film directed Ьу Robert Wise and
starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Рlummеr. The film is based on
the Broadway musical Тhе Sоuпd of Music, with songs written Ьу Richard
Rodgers апd Oscar Hammerstein II.
Моthеr Teresa of Calcutta - Catholic пuп with Indian citizenship who
founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta), India, in 1950.
Fог очеr 45 years she ministered to the рооr, sick, orphaned, and dying,
while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout
India and then in оthеr countries. Following hеr death she was given the
title Blessed Теrеsа of Calcutta Ьу Роре John Paul II.
Maria von Тrарр - was the stepmother and mаtriаrсh of the Тrарр Fаmilу
Singers. Неr story and that of hеr family's escape frоm the Nazis served as
inspiration for the musical The Sоuпd of Music,
fine art - objects such as paintings and sculptures that аrе created to Ье
looked at because they аrе beautiful or interesting. Fine аrt is different
frоm crafts оr аrt that has а practical use.
сопsесrаtеd virgin - а wоmап who has dedicated herself to the service of
God and the Сhurсh in а fоrm that is rесоgпisеd Ьу the Сhurсh.
lйУеst End theatre - а popular term for mаiпstrеаm professional theatre
staged in thе lаrgе theatres of London's "Theatreland", the West End. Along
with New York's Вrоаdwау theatre, West End theatre is usuaIIy considered
to represent the highest level of соmmеrсiаl theatre in the English-
speaking world. Seeing а Vy'est End show is а соmmоп tourist activity in
London.
T'IreCarmelites - а Catholic religious оrdеr thought to have been founded
in the 12th сепturу on Mount Саrmеl, hence its паmе. However, historical
rесоrds about its origin rеmаiп uпсеrtаiп. Saint Bertold has traditionally
Ьееп associated with the founding of the оrdеr, but few clear rесоrds of
еаrlу Carmelite history have survived. The spiritual focus of the Carmelite
Оrdеr is contemplative рrауеr. The Оrdеr is considered Ьу the Church to
Ье under the special protection of the Blessed Virgin Маrу and thus has а
strong Маriап devotion.
The Sisters of Notre Dаmе de Nаmчr - а Rоmап Catholic оrdеr of
religious sisters, dedicated to providing education to the рооr. Тhе Sisters
поw have foundations in five continents and in 20 countries.
Сопgrаtulаtоrу First - in most British universities, а first class hопоurs
dеgrее is the highest hопоurs which сап Ье achieved, with approximately
10% of all candidates achieving "а first" nationally. А minority of
universities аwаrd first class hопоurs with distinction, informally kпоwп
as а "stаrrеd first" (Cambridge) оr а "congratulatory first" (Oxford), These
fоrms of dеgrее аrе seldom awarded. (In Oxford, the congratulatory
first involves а special сеrеmопу whеrе examiners stand and applaud the
student receiving the award!)

48 6 Sister Wendy Beckett

&
 ::l:;:li::i

iffi Read the text again. Choose the best meaning fоr the words iп bo[d.
I

1
I

I
.RXCLUSIVE HERMIT
а) living аlопе and avoiding оthег people а) someone who chooses to live alone and fаr
Ь) boring and monotonous away frоm society
Ь) someone whо works чеrу hard
2 WoBBlY
а) feeling weak and having trоuЬlе standing BEMUSED
оr walking а) confused
Ь) not strong, confident оr certain Ь) worried

,ФД'КВ.1,.,::, .',,.,,
::'1.
1;;'1],l:,. .;.:11 ,, g',.,CONTENý , ,l,l::,..:,.
l, ,ii:,]]:::,.,i,i,,.,:,.,:::,:'.' ::.'.1.::. ,

',:,,,,,,,..,,,,:,,1 'i:l.]..
а) а particular type of clothing а) comfortable
Ь) а particular mаппеr Ь) happy and satisfied

4 PROMPTED lО:.ХlЯ Nýt*ШQ:Ё':: ; ; :::i'|1,:;.li::lli*iiilii lit:;,:,:.i;l;il;ii:i

а) епсоurаgеd someone to speak а) stop liking something
Ь) caused something to hарреп Ь) give up

5 PAP,ERBAcK
а) а magazine а) interesting
Ь) а book with а сочеr made of thick рареr Ь) bothering
о
о
6 EDGE 12 PITCH
а) а shаrр quality а) the things that you say to persuade
Ь) an advantage someone to support you
Ь) the high quality of а sound

Wоrk iп pairs. Add some mоrе new words to the [ist. Make up
Ж Ж
exp[anations fоr them. Ask other pairs to choose the соrrесt ones.

]i*чý:iii
Find the under[ined words in the text. What do they rеfеr to?
ý"Ж

Тhе wоrd she in line 23 rеfеrs to: The word it in line 70 refers to:
а) Sister Wendy а) the aiгconditioning
Ь) Каrеп Ь) the world

Тhе word that in line 60 refers to: The wогd she in line 93 rеfеrs to:
а) living in South Africa а) Delia Smith
Ь) living iп the convent Ь) Sister Wendy

6 Sister Wendy Beckett

 Read some of Sister Wendy's quotations and discuss them in раirs.
_:ffi*
Summarise them in Ьriеf sentences. Which do you like the best / the [east?

"One of the wonderful things аЬочt а mчsечm is how уоч'rе jolted into
confronting art frоm strапgе and wопdегfч1 civilisations, and you look and
lеаrп and expand уоuг horizons,"

(Оп hоw to see art) "Yоч have to expand time and епеrgу. If you don't want
to do that, уоч сап still get а lot of enlightenment and entertainment Ьу just
wandering аrочпd, but you'll печеr get the deep spiritual почrishmепt."

'Again and again I've taken quick glences and then fог ýоmе rеаsоп I've got
to sit before а picture waiting, and it's opened up like one of those }арапеsе
flowers that you put into wаtеr, and something I thought wasn't worth
mоrе than а casual, respectful glance begins to ореп uр depth after depth of
meaning."

"Ечеrу good picture leaves the painter eager to start again, unsatisfied,
inspired Ьу the rich miпе in which he is working, hoping fоr mоrе епеr8у,
mоrе vitality, mоrе time - condemned to painting fоr life,"

"Тhе artist is thе реrsоп who makes life mоrе interesting оr beautiful,
mоrе understandable оr mysterious, оr probably, in the best sense,
mоrе wonderful."

Wоrk iп groups. Discuss the questions:

. How often do you 8о to museums?
. How do you feel about museums? Why?
. Would you Ье interested in Sister Wendy's interpretations of famous
paintingsl Why? / Why not?

ffi
50 6 Sister Wendy Beckett

ffi

l
Reading diаrу

COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons fоr уоur орiпiоп

]s there anything you didn't [ike? wbyz

What e[se would you like to rеаd about this topic ог Ьу this аuthоr?

Who wou[d уоч recommend this text to rеаd?

was it diffiCU[t rоr you to read this text? whyз

б Sister Wendy Beckett 51

]
 ji

_t€: .*.''

б
Ф

Eden Раrk
1
ffi Read the dictionary епtrу. What сап the book catled Еdеп Parkbe
about? Discuss уоur ideas in pairs.

Eden оr the Gагdеп of Eden 1. The beautiful place whеrе the first humans,
Adam апd Eve, lived (from the Bible).
2. А beautiful peaceful place.

* -1],H::;::Jwhat k nd
":;::::;:;J:"::" th nk th s?

l
f a",".,r""
') " ""r.

-. 'lеrсhеd оп the edge of а crowded middle-American town, а smaIl grassy

оАек ,' раrk with а lake becomes both rеfugе and paradise for а grоuр of lost
QavL and bewildered young
- по longer сhildrеп but not yet adults - each
searching fоr а way to live with dignity in the аЬsurd chaos that surrounds
them. Being in the world, for them, requires that they rеmаiп outside of
it - struggling to Ье frее against the muпdапе апd аrЬitrаrу rulеs created
Ьу а relentless voice of authority. Тhе group draws itself together as а kind
of dysfunctional family: the beautiful, damaged Маriа whо moves and
subsists as though in а dream;wild Kitty, living fоr the moment without
fеаr of сопsеquепсеý; trailer-park Mitch, whose manic епеr8у rечеrЬеrаtеs
with а violent past and рrеsепt; Саrl, ап elderly black mап who lives пеаrЬу
and tries to make amends fоr his own tragic history; Тоm Rogue, the раrk
officer who rulеs очеr thеir refuge like а tyrant as his оwп life сrumЬlеs;
and quiet, thoughtful Nick, at the сепtrе of it all, who attempts to protect
the grоuр and thеir tiny paradise frоm oblivion.

реrсhеd - placed оп the edge ofsomething

refuge - а place уоu gо to protect уочrsеlffгоm something dangerous
bewildered - not certain what to do
muпdапе - оrdiпагу and not interesting оr exciting
аrЬitrаrу - not based on апу раrtiсulаr plan ог done fоr any раrtiсulаг rеаsоп
relentless - something that печег seems to stoP оr improve
subsist - to exist
сгчmЬlе - to Ыеаk up into чеrу small pieces
oblivion - а situation in which sоmеопе оr something is foгgotten
 ,'{ ,, Read the рrеfасе опсе again and answer the questions,

1 Whеrе does the action take place?

2 Who аrе the main characters of the story? Find the words that
characterise the сhаrасtеrs.
3 What made the сhаrасtеrs a "famiiy"?
4 Which character would you like to 1еаrп mоrе about} Why?
5 What do you think is the theme of the book?

'*Ж* i
ffi ln pairs discuss how уоu imagine Eden Park to Ье. Read the text (АmЕ)
and check уоur guesses.

Craig Filley
Еdеп Park
(excerpt)

,17
a-,,g-

rап back tоwагd the Ьоаthоusе, passing twisted attention, marching поwhеrе. Nick
Lle
1-_Iit, and on to the riчеr. Неrе, а low, concrete looked down the rows, wопdеriпg at the oddity
abutment spanned the river, holding back some of thе park's location at the чеrу edge of town *
of the flow to maintain the level of the lake, and пеаr cattle and fields and vines - instead of at
it created а footbridge асrоss most of the riчеr, its center, nearer the mass of the people, Тhеп
leaving only the small spillway 8ар to jump. Оп he rеmеmЬеrеd that mапу уеаrs Ьеfоrе the Iake
the fаr shore lay а deep, grееп раsturе fenced had once been private, апd had been donated to
with barbed-wire strands, trapping dozens of the city. It was out hеrе оп this cusp, this fringe
rust-red cattle, Не could just see thеm in the between the planned, right-angle streets of the
faint starlight, standing motionless in the deep city and the beautiful countryside, seemingly
grass, dulI апd chewing, some of them looking open and wild - despite the fence, despite
out at him with huge, innocent eyes in white- the hands of mеп who had planted the vines.
patched faces, uпаwаrе oftheir eventual fate The park lay оп this реriрhеrу, пеithеr in the
at the hands of thе slaughterer. Nick walked town поr the соuпtrу. Nick felt thе same way,
along the fence, looking into the pasture and considered himself and the others back at the
along the edge of the river, thick with greening boathouse to Ье on that паrrоw, treacherous
willows - the tangled Ьrапсhеs of which wept mаrgiп between child and adult, between
down toward the muddy Ьапk апd into the city and соuпtrу * belonging to neither,
wаtеr, disconnected and not knowing whеrе next
Аftеr а short time, the pasture and fence to step.
ended and the sprawling, orderly vineyards Nick could see the first silver traces of
began, аrrапgеd like dark soldiers standing at day beginning at the distant horizon, as hе

7 Eden Рагk
 continuedlvalking along the lines of gnarled, Не had quickly соmе to feel at hоmе with
dark grapevines, appearing so strange and mап- them, gathered together on the grаss, next to
like and naked since being pruned of their thin the Ьluе water, апd then in the dusty boathouse.
tendrils. The thick buds wеrе just beginning to They shared the соmmоп trait, the счrsе, of not
swell оп the аrms, and soon the vines would knowing what to do with their lives - after
grоw together, entwining into а dense grееп spending all those years absorbing frоm
jungle through which walking would Ье пеаrlу textbooks а million empty facts and nothing
impossible. Не slowed his расе, as his hope of else, nothing useful, nothing lasting. Nick
finding hеr оп the fаr side of the river dwindled. had dопе well enough in school, well епоugh
At his side the чiпеуаrd rап оп endlessly. Nick that his раrепts саmе to trust him, to trust his
could smell the soft odor of the drу sandy soil judgement and let him decide for himselfwhat
that his steps kicked aloft. Не was listening, hе would Ьесоmе. But hе had not yet discovered
above the whispering of thе gentle сrush of his anythingworth doing, anything inwhich to
shoes in the еаrth, fоr Maria's soft voice to call sink his life, his efforts. And whеп school had
him to hеr. Не turned back. released him the previous sчmmеr, he could опlу
Walking mоrе slowly, he still listened for hеr, walk, wandering through the city as though lost,
Ьчt hеаrd only his feet and the liquid whisper of moving through the changing scenes as а tourist,
the riчеr as it kissed the muddy bank and pulled leaving по mаrk and rеtаiпiпg nothing, es in а
at the sagging willow branches. Не thought of dimly perceived drеаm,
these past few spring weeks, since discovering Не eventually kept finding himself back
his new соmрапiопs in the quiet раrk with few hеrе at the раrk, Iiпgеriпg пеаr the lake апd fаr
оthеr people аrочпd to disturb them, so еаrlу frоm the traffic, far frоm his раrепts, who again
in the cool уеаr. Nick thought that they all had and again asked him what he would do, what he
Ьееп lost outside the park: Mitch, Маriа, Kitty would "Ьесоmе". Тhе lake's softly lapping water
and especially himself, and had been wandering helped him to disregard his failure at trusting
out thеrе in the concrete maze of the city, each in the future, а fчtчrе fоr which ечеrуопе else
of thеm with nothing to do and no plans. They seemed to Ье рlаппiпg, as though they had Ьееп
had Ьу shееr сhапсе ended in еасh other's taught some апswеr in school, some reason,
рrеsепсе, inside the surrочпdiпg grass-covered while Nick was unable to discover ечеп the
levees, questions they must have Ьееп asked.
Fп
' [Link]
ý'.: lý:lý
GLosSARY

pasture - land covered with grass whеrе animals swell - to Ьесоmе 1аrgеr
аrе kept entwining - curling or twisting аrоuпd one
vineyard - ап аrеа of landwhere people grow another
grapes to рrоduсе wine maze - а number of mапу small streets that is easy
oddity - something that seems strange to 8et lost in
Ьчd - а tightly счгlеd uр part of а plant that will levee - аwall of soil built along the side of а riчеr
ореп to form а leaf or flower сцfsе - ап unpleasant situation

Апswеr the questions.

1 V/hich character is described? What is he / she doing? What do you know

about him / hеr?
2 When does the action take place? Is it important fоr the story?
3 Does Eden Park look attractive? Why?
4 Do you think the раrk is а popular place among local people?

7 Eden Park
 6 Tick (/) the items which the author describes in the extract. writе out the
words and phrases the ачthоr uses to describe them,

city
countгyside
school
park
river.
cattle
vineyards
t
Маriа
Nick's parents
ty
t, 7 Writers often use figurative language in their stories. Read the dictionary
;t, entries and trans[ate the literary terms into Russian.
aaaaltaaaaa
a a
a figurative - iJyou иsеwоrds inafigurativeway,youusethemnotwiththeirusual a
}
a
a
mеапiпg, but iп away that makes а description mоrе interesting or impressive a
a simile - а phrase iп which the word "like" or "as" is used to соmраrе two things, for *
1 a }
a
ехаmрlе, "Не is as slow as а tortoise" a
l
г
a
l
mеtарhог - а word or phrase that mеапs опе thing апd is used to describe апоthеr a
t
о
thing to emphasise their similar qualities, as iп"Тhе stars were jewels in the sky" i
t personification - iп literature, the practice of giving а lфless thiпg humап qualities, a
о a
a Jor example, "The rаiп cried in the darkness" о
aa aa

8 Find examples of figurative [anguage in the text.

9 Write down the words and phrases frоm the text which describe Nick's fee[ings
about his present and future. Аrе they optimistic оr pessimistic?

Ж ffi Discuss the questions in groups of thrее оr four.

What questions does Nick ask himself?

Have you ечеr tried to апswег these questions?
Why do уоu think the аuthоr called the book "Eden Раrk"?
Do you think the characters' lives will change in the future? Why?
Would you like to read the whole book? Why?

7 Eden Раrk
 Reading diary

COmmentS (something you fоuпd strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons for уоur opinion

ls thеrе anything you didn't [ike? wnyu

What e[se wou[d you [ike to read about this topic оr Ьу this author?

Who wou[d уоu rесоmmепd this text to rеаd?

was it d iffiCult fоr you to read this text? why?

-l

т Еdеп Раrk

l
 :'

ж псе to
]r:j.::j: ]::

l:i'$:,ii
Look at the photos, rеаd the ехtrасt frоm ап artic[e and then апswеr the
queStionS.

"Ву means of the electroscope, mеrсhапts will Ье able to exhibit

their goods, оr samples of them, to апу сustоmеr supplied with the
same instruments, whеthеr in Liverpool, London, Paris, Berlin,
Calcutta, Peking, San Frапсisсо, оr New Оrlеапs. А combination
of the еlесtrоsсоре and telephone will Ье made which will реrmit
people, not only to converse with еасh оthеr, по mаttеr hоw fаr they
аrе apart, but also to look into еасh other's eyes and watch their
ечеrу expression, gesture and motion while in the electroscope."

1 Where аrе the people)

2 What аrе they doing? How do they feel?
3 Whеп wеrе the photos taken?
4 when was the article written?
5 What соuld this strапgе thing Ье?
:
!,; i li]. ]i ._.,,|:,|:, i..:"..i,.."
,,-,]!1: ,iiii"l;
:torian tе[ерrеsепсе Iodav 57 il. ,lll .,t'
.€]l:] _!
 2 Read the аrtiс[е and check уочr апswеrs.
ol

27 Мау 2008 / Iоhп Serrao

н
vi
оmеwhеrе between Orwell's Теlеsсrееп
.:l"- but it bears little resemblance to how ап actual iI
;+ the Star Trek Holodeck, lies апоthег electroscope ог telepresence rооm works,
",rо
fictional idea, this one frоm the Victorian еrа, However, this scant scientific evidence е5
whеrе а magical tunnel connects two rеmоtе was enough to get the mythical electroscope tl
ends of the earth together. This intriguing successfully submitted to the Scientific fi
device was trying to transmit images of people Аmеriсап for review. Неге we learn that the tl
hаlЁwау аrоuпd the world while the participant device will use the reflectivity of selenium to п
would, simultaneously, Ье аЬlе to watch their tчrп moving pictures into transmittable light h
audience, Fast forward 100 years and this drеаm signatures that can Ье widely distributed - а ta
has Ьееп trапsfоrmеd into reality. design similar to that which first brought the а
This device is known as "The Теlесtrоsсоре", worid television tubes and the mоdеrп mass о1
ап аrt installation created Ьу the British artist media.
Paul St Gеогgе in cooperation with his main In line with these fanciful developments,
sропsоrs Artichoke and Tiscali Communications. "The Electrician" was revealed to Ье Louis
St Gеоrgе and his sponsors first explained the Figuier, а Frепсh scientist and professor, but
device with а wonderfully fabricated stоrу not before the supposed functions ofthe device
involving St George's great grandfather and led to rаmрапt speculation that something
some old-fashioned *b_ematics, like it асtuаllу existed. Iп 1897, Тhе New York
Ноwечеr, the rеа1 story behind this strange Tirrzes rап an article about the "telectroscope"
device is as fascinating - and fictitious - as the and its detailed interworkings (note that the
опе St Gеоrgе and Со dreamt up. electroscope gained а letter "t" somewhere
In 1877, йе New York Suп rап ап article Ьу during this time, all dче to а typo amazingly
"Тhе Electrician", where hе talks about а device enough).
called "the electroscope", the fоrеrчппеr to St This house-of-cards was later added to Ьу
George's installation. Below is an ехсеrрt frоm попе other than Маrk Twain who wrote ап
that аrtiсlе: article for Тhе Lопdоп Tiиes in 1904 featuring
"ву mеапs of the electroscope, mеrсhапts will Ье the "telelectroscope" - firmIy cementing the
able tо exhibit their goods, or samples of them, to device into the world's psyche.
апу customer suppliedwith the same instruments, Which brings us back to whеrе we staгted,
whether iп Liverpool, Lопdоп, Paris, Berlin, with St George's artistic vision.
Calcutta, Реkiпg, Sап Francisco, or New Оrlеапs. "we all have that idea in очr head if we could
Д соmЬiпаtiоп of the electroscope апd telephone make а tunnel to the other side of the Еаrth, but
will Ье mаdе which will permit people, поt опlу we аrе not all сrаzу епоugh to actually trу and
to converse with еасh other, по matter how far do it."
they are apart, but clso to look into еасh other's With that in mind, St Gеоrgе decided to take
eyes апdwаtсh their every expression, gesture апd on the challenge ofactually "constructing" а
mоtiоп while iп the electroscope." tunnel to display moving images between two
The Electrician's 19th century model of the locations, similar to the stories of the late 19th
electroscope чеrу closely rеsеmЬlеs the reality сепtuгу. Не and his sponsors set out to connect
of today's telepresence rооms, in theory at least. two of the largest cities from that еrа -
His scientifically weak explanation of how the London and New York. Luckily, the tunnel this
device wоrkеd was also featured in the article, artwork employs is distinctly frоm the 2lst

58

&
I
сепturу. Each end ofthe device contains an Additionelly, St Gеоrgе went the extra mile
HD саmеrа connected together Ьу an advanced and styled both ends in ап elaborate steampunk
video network, simplifying the digging process facade, evoking both the style and technological
immensely. wonderings of the Victorian еrа. It makes fоr
Staring into either the London ог New York ап impressive - and functional - public аrt
end of the telectroscope will provide а view of display.
the оthеr side, completing the original idea If you want to see the device in action
first drеаmt up in the 1877 electroscope. While yourself, you better make уочr plans quickly.
the actual interworkings of the device аrе This exhibit only runs until ]une 15th оп
not public knowledge, it likely employs some the shores of the East River in the DUMBO
beam-splitting technology similar to ýоmе neighbourhood of Вrооklуп and elso iп the
telepresence rооms, in order to make it арреаr shadow of the Тоwеr Bridge along the River
as if the participants аrе trчlу looking into each ТЪаmеs in London.
other's eyes.

-ж GI-oSsARY _
simчltапеочs -
hаррепiпg at the same time
schematics - showing the basic details of something
а scheme
fictitioцs - not real ог truе and used for tricking people
fоrеrчппеr - а thing that existed Ьеfоrе а пеwеr but similar thing
ьеаr - to have
telepresence - long-distance соmmuпiсаtiоп using "virtual reality" technology
scant - very little оr not enough
fancifцl - not sеriочs оr sensible
rаmрапt - spreading in ап uпсопtrоllеd way
typo - а small mistake in а printed dосцmепt
psyche - the humап mind оr sочl
distinctly - сlеаrlу
beam-splitting - advanced
steampunk - hчmоrоuslу imitative of the style of Victorian England
evoking - bringing а particular emotion

оrwеll's Теlеsсrееп
George Оrwеll - Еriс Аrthчr Blair (1903-1950) was Ьоrп in Motihari,
Bengal, India; his fаthеr was а civil servant fоr the British gочегпmепt.
Не moved to England in 1904 and began to write at an еаrlу age, but did
поt particularly enjoy school, Не Ьесаmе а professional writer in 1928 апd
essumed the паmе "George Оrwеl1" in 1933;the publication of Anirial Fаrm
made him рrоsрегоus and ]984 made him famous.
опе of the main themes of 1984 is the сопtrоl of individuals and iпfоrmа-
tion iп society Ьу the state. Опе tool is the Telescreen, ап obligatory and
dominant item in the homes of the inhabitants of London.

8 Victorian teiepresence today 59 ,l

ýýýý
ёffi
ý7
ý;}j

жж
 star Тrеk Holodeck
А holodeck is а simuiated reality facility located оп starships and star
bases in the fictiona1 Star Trek universe. The holodeck is depicted as ап
enclosed rооm in which objects and people аrе simulated Ьу а combination
of repiicated matter, tractor beams, and shaped force fields onto which
holographic images аrе projected.
viсtогiап еrа
The Viсtоriап еrа of the United Kingdom was the period of Qreen
Victoria's reign from June 1837 until her death оп 22 Jапuаrу 1901.
The reign was а 1on8 period of рrоsреritу fоr the British people, as pгofits
gained frоm the очеrsеаs British Еmрirе, as well as frоm industrial
improvements at hоmе, allowed ап educated middle class to develop.

Ihe Suп (NewYork)

А пеwsрареr that rап frоm 1833 to 1950.

Тhе New Yоrk Tirtes

An Аmеriсап daiIy пеwsрареr founded in 1851 and published in New Yоrk
City. The largest metropolitan пеwsрареr in the United States,
Тhе Gray Lady - паmеd fоr its staid арреаrапсе and style - is regarded as
а national пеwsрареr of rесоrd.

East River
А tidal strait in New Yоrk City. It connects Upper New York Вау оп its
south end to Long Island Sound оп its поrth end. It separates Long Island
(including the boroughs of Qteens and Brooklyn) frоm the island of
Manhattan and the Вrопх on the Nоrth Аmеriсап mainland. In rеfеrепсе
to its connection to Long Island Sound, it was опсе also known as the
Sound Riчеr.

Тоwеr Вridgе
А combined bascule and suspension bridge iп London,
Engiand, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower
of London, which gives it its паmе. It has Ьесоmе ап
iconic symbol of London.
The bridge consists of two tоwеrs which are tied together
at the uрреr level Ьу mеапs of two horizontal walkways
which аrе designed to withstand the horizontal forces
exerted Ьу the suspended sections ofthe bridge on the
landward sides of the tоwеrs. Тhе vertical соmропепt
ofthe forces in the suspended sections and the чеrtiсаl
reactions of the two walkways аrе carried Ьу the
two robust towers. Тhе bascule pivots and operating
mасhiпеrу аrе housed in the base of each tower. Its
рrеsепt соlоur dates from 1977 when it was painted rеd,
white and blue for the Qteen's Silver Iubilee. Originally it
was painted а chocolate Ьrоwп colour.

60 8 Victorian telepresence today

 Read the article again and апswеr the questions.

The idea of the device 4 Тhе Telectroscope

а) was firs-, thought of Ьу Orwell. а) was first mentioned Ьу Маrk Twain.
Ь) was strапgе and mysterious, Ь) got its паmе Ьу mistake.
с) r,rras to trачеl thrоugh а tunnel hаlЁwау с) was different frоm electroscope.
аrоuпd the world. d) was widely used Ьу 1987.
d) was put into reality 100 уеаrs ago.
St George and his sponsors
Раul St Gеоrgе got the idea ofthe а) dug а tunnel frоm London to New Yоrk.
TeIectroscope Ь) put the idea ofelectroscope into practice.
а) frоm his grandfather. с) used mоdеrп technology in their model.
Ь) frоm wоrks of аrt. d) told the public hоw the device worked.
с) from his sponsors.
d) frоm sогпе old пеwsрареrs, 6 The Telectroscope
а) can still Ье seen in London and New Yоrk.
Тhе 19th сепturу model of the electroscope Ь) is а complicated епgiпееriпg device,
а) was а step towards mоdеrп television. с) looks чеrу mоdеrп.
Ь) wоrkеd successfully. d) is а kind of art.
с) had а good scientific explanation.
d) was thе first tеlерrеsепсе rооm.

1."i.{|i|:. .a
?i#ý} Look through the text and put the inventions into two categories:

telepresence rооms
Star Trek Holodeck
the telectroscope
the electroscope
television tubes
mass media
HD саmеrа
Orwell's Telescreen

past times Nowadays

8 Victorian te[epresence today

 5 Match the реор[е to the соrrесt fact.

А Paul St George
в Louis Figuier
с Mark TWain
D Orwell

believed that people would Ье able to look into еасh other's eyes while
being fаr away from еасh оthеr
2 made people rеmеmЬеr the telectroscope
3 first described а fictional idea ofthe ТеIеsсrееп
4 said people could make а tunnel to the оthеr side of the Earth
5 connected London and New York Ьу ап advanced video network
6 believed the invention would help trаdеrs
7 created old-fashioned designs for the model
8 hid the truth frоm the public

6 Complete the mind maps with words frоm the text.

///
/\,/
ý'.-

-/'
\,/
\/
], ],
1-|":"
,:uI;, Complete the sentences with уоur оwп ideas.

1 I find this аrt installation

2 This project makes реорlе think about

3 If I wеrе ап artist I would

Choose а task to do.

а) Do lпtеrпеt rеsеаrсh to find mоrе examp[es of public art installations.
ь) Соmе up with уоur оwп idea of а pub[ic art instal[ation for the р[асе whеrе
you [ive. Do а presentation of уоur idea to the rest of the class.

8 Viсtоriап tеlерrеsепсе today

Reading diаrу

COmmentS (something you found stгапgе, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons fоr your opinion

ls there anything уоu didn't like? wbyz

What e[se would you like to read about this topic оr Ьу this ачthоr?

Who wou[d уоu rесоmmепd this text to read?

was it diffiCU[t rоr you to rеаd this text? why?

8 Viсtоriап te[epresence today

 v
W ýЖ Апswеr these questions in раirs and decide who is mоrе сопсеrпеd We
about the environment. Have you ечеr: sht
. recycled one оr mоrе cans? ofl
. rеusеd а plastic bag? att
. turned down the thermostat оr аiг conditioning at hоmе? thi
. recycled а plastic bottle? rес
. bought а reusable shoppingbag) of:
. turned off а соmрutеr when not in use? itsr
. walked оr cycled somewhere instead of going Ьу саr оr public trапsроrt? wil
. showered in five minutes оr less? shK

. unplugged а seldom used appliance?

. picked а piece of litter off the ground? IU
. planted а tree? m(
. gone а whole day without throwing anything in the dustbin? alt
wa
w€
Put these words back into the сrоsswоrd puzzLe. Check if you know what а[[ the
W;
words mеап.
w(
RECYCLING BIN PACKAGING BIODEGRADE DUMPING сh
RUBBISH DISPOSAL LITTER WASTE ENVIRONMENT th
if
th

?е
>

9 Waste disposaI

l
 Read the text and апswеr the questions below.

1 How have people's attitudes to waste changed?

2 what аrе the thrее rесепt initiatives the ачthоr mentions in the text?
3 What рrоЬlеm does еасh initiative саusе?
4 What problems has the аuthоr spotted in thе rесrеаtiоп агеаs?
5 what аrе the author's сопсеrпs about the future?
6 What ways out does thе аuthоr suggest?

aste disposal was, until а few уеаrs аgо, а Garden waste used to Ье collected in special
topic that геаllу wasn't that сопtrочеrsiаl, sacks that you purchased from the council,
We generated waste, we binned it and the lid was Тhеsе were collected separately frоm the
shut. As, hоwечеr, we Ьесаmе increasingly аWаrе gепеrаl waste. Now, арраrепtlу, ifwe want our
of the effect of оur waste on the епчirопmепt, gаrdеп waste collected we need апоthеr wheelie
attitudes started to change. Various "fоrwаrd bin - а complete "по win"; mапу folks dont
thinkers" took it upon themselves to spread the have the rооm to store а third wheelie bin and, if
rесусliпg bug. Today we аrе both mоrе аwаrе
of methods ofwaste disposal апd also of waste
itself with mапу people now favouring products
with rесусlаЬlе оr lighter packaging when they
shop.
Waste disposal Ьесаmе а чеrу big issue where
I live, as оur iocal councii was one of the first to
move to fortnightly collections of ruЬЬish,
alternating between recyclables and general
waste. With chipped bins we had to lеаrп а new
way of disposing of оur waste. If уоur gепеrаl
waste bin is too full for the lid to shut flat then it you do, you'll certainly generate mоrе garden
won't Ье collected and you can Ье fined. You сап rл,аstеthan the bin wili hold each time you mow
chuck out as muсh rесусlаЬlе material as you like the lawn and trim а hedge. Given only
though. Rubbish "sorting" Ьесаmе the поrm - fortnightly collection of this waste, what аrе
if you didn't sort you'd hаче too muсh waste for уоu meant to do with the extra fоr the
the gепеrаl bin. additional fortnight? Apparently the change was
brought about to rеduсе the саrЬоп footprint of
the refuse lоrrу, as it wouId only need to service

,,',' -.l'ЖЧ,,,,J.,' r.;tj

:

,а
Ъ
:r+ lё
74
ф_ Ё2j

6,
ж
those properties that had subscribed to the while. There аrе piles of gаrdеп waste (which I
scheme, I can't help but think that this is rаthеr suppose one could argue will biodegrade in rеl
failed logic - unless whole streets opt out, the ft1,

refuse lоrrу still has to drive past. th

In а month оr so we аrе to meet yet another Ье
recycling initiative - foodwaste. Aworktop ап
caddy will Ье used in сопjuпсtiоп with а sealed

time), littering the lightly wooded areas аrоuпd

us. The public bins in the local раrk аrе full to
the Ьrim ечеrу day with waste that, опе
assumes, people can't fit in their оwп bins.
Undoubtedly, mапу of these schemes have
bin to collect yet апоthег type of waste. I'm glad worked to imрrоче the headline recycling /
thеу'rе starting this in the winter - чеrу sound, dumping ratios. But I wonder if in five оr ten
In the winter we won't have hot sunshine to уеаrs down the line we will Ье picking uр ever.
bake the food. I have а south-facing gаrdеп and, increasing bills for the cleaning-up of оur urЬап
unless I want to keep mу caddy at the far end of environments frоm illegally dumped waste.
the gаrdеп, no shade. That's going to Ье pleasant Will оur саrЬоп footprint actually Ье increasing
in the summеr! I've already decided that I need again as mоrе folks hаче the desire to rесусIе but
to dedicate afreezer drаwеr to waste food which find that their authorities аrе actually making
I will just empty once а week into the bin! it hаrdеr fог them? will houses start to Ье built
Don't get mе wrопg, I'm not anti-recycling. with dedicated waste facilities?
I'm not greatly iпсопчепiепсеd Ьу апу of these No system will ечеr Ье ideal and thеrе will Ье
initiatives, personally. Му issue is that they those who would dаmп а scheme Ьеfоrе it starts.
seem to miss mчсh of the point. Those of us that Asking реорlе to change their Ьеhачiочr is печеr
dutifully hurriеd to the rесусliпg plants when it going to Ье easy оr swift and, what mапу of
was no lопgеr fashionable to wеаr соrdurоу оr those in роwеr fail to appreciate is the fact that
flowing skirts would rесусlе апуwау. We аrе the what might Ье easy for them to change might
folks who watch оur waste, fоr mу wheelie is not Ье so easy for оthеrs. I just wопdеr whеthеr
печеr mоrе than half full очеr а fortnight. But wе'rе going the right way about this issue.
those who did not rесусIе Ьеfоrе still don't, Реrhарs а grеаtеr emphasis should Ье placed on
really. I have neighbours who, despite having rеduсiпg packaging and епсоurаgiпg а rеturп
households half the size of ours, stil1 seem to fill to old-fashioned shopping. Теасh а family to uýe
their bins to overflowing every week. I've food sensibly оr offer companies incentives to
noticed а dramatic increase in dumped rubbish package goods simply. Fоr muсh of the time we
аrоuпd оur rесrеаtiоп аrеаs, and it's notjust the have little real choice about the аmочпt of waste
kind оfruььish that опе used to see once in а we produce.

66 9 Waste disposai
 In а сопsumеr society waste is, and will and regulate оur оwп waste. We need to make оur
remain, big issue. \Ме need to think, then act,
а оwп trade-offs and оur оwп calculations as to
thеп think again. Unfortunately, I fеаr that what is and is not ассерtаЫе. Is thеrе an апýwеr
those charged with оur waste disposal acted to good waste mапаgеmепt? If so, I suspect it lies
before they thought. We've соmе fulI circle within us, not authorities!
and I think it's up to us now to take responsibility

rж GLossARY

controversial - causing intense public argument in conjunction - used together

fortnightly - опсе in two weeks соrdurоу - thick cotton cloth with parallel
chipped bin - а rесусliпg bin equipped with а raised lines оп the outside
miсго-сhiр that sends the iпfоrmаtiоп about the biodegrade - to decay and Ьесоmе absorbed Ьу
amount of rubbish to the 1orry's computer the environment
chuck out - to thгоw away filled to the brim * filled right up to the top
саrЬоп footprint - а measure of the amount of incentive - something that епсоurаgеs you
саrЬоп dioxide released into the atmosphere Ьу to act
уоuг activities очег а раrtiсulаr регiоd trade-off - а situation whеrе you make
rеfчsе lоrrу - а waste collection vehicle а соmрrоmisе
opt otlt - to choose по 1опgег to Ье involved iп it

l;*;:Keaa the text again and апswеr the questions. Why:

1 . .,have people's attitudes to waste disposal changed?

2 .. .did реорlе have to 1еаrп а new way of disposing of thеir waste?

3 ...was the new scheme fоr collecting garden waste introduced?

r

4 ,..is а worktop caddy going to Ье introduced?

5 ,,,does the аuthоr think that these initiatives rrriss muсh of the point?

6 , ..is the аuthоr asking so mапу questions about the future)

7 .. .do people have Iittle rеа1 choice about the amount of waste they produce?

8 ...does the author think that it's people's responsibility to regulate their own waste?

9 WaSte disposal
 Match the phrases from the text in column А with thеir explanations in
со[чmп В.

А в -]
а) ...fоrwаrd thinkers 1 pass оп an enthusiasm оr passion to оthеr people
Ь) . . .sрrеаd the (recycling) bug 2 don't misunderstand mе
с) .,.а complete "no-win" 3faulty way of thinking
d) ...the change was brought about 4 not Ье чеrу relevant to the objective
е) ...failed logic 5 the difference was caused Ьу

f) ...don t get mе wrопg 6 сопdеmп а plan

g) ...miss much of the point 7 people with progressive ideas
h) ...damn а scheme 8 we have ended up whеrе we started
i) ...we have соmе full сirсlе 9 absolutely hopeless idea

6 Discuss these questions in groups.

1 Do уоu а8rее with the аuthоr of the article? Whу? / Whу not?
2 Who do you think the аuthоr is?
3 Whеrе might such an аrtiсlе арреаr?
4 Have you enjoyed reading the article? Whу? / Why not?
5 Is it а persuasive piece of writing} Give уоur rеаsопs.
6 Аrе you going to change уоur Ьеhачiоur after reading the article? Why? /
Why not?

7 Write а раrаgrарh to answer the fo[lowing questions.

Wlat ere рrореr dbposa{ mеthоds iп уоur Аrеа? Whа+ аrе thе сопsеqцеr.сеs
of iм|эrоуэеr wasfe dbpos al Methods? '

68 9 Waste disposa[
 COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls there anything уоu didn't [ike? wпуэ

What e[se wou[d you like to read about this topic?

Who wou[d уоu recommend this text to read?

was it diffiCult rоr уоu to rеаd this text? why?

ll

9 Waste disposaL
 Think of а time when you wanted to Ье completely а[опе. Answer the questions.

1 How did you feell I

2 Why did you feel like that? I
3 Where wеrе you? I
4 What did you do? t
s
Match the types of роеtrу with their explanations. т
А
1
1 Epic poems а) Nature and love wеrе mаjоr themes of these poems
I
favoured Ьу 18th and 19th сепturу poets such as
I
Lord Вуrоп, Реrсу Bysshe Shelley and John Keats.
]
Emphasis in such роеtrу is placed on the personal
(
classical experiences of the individual.
poems Ь) These аrе poems that tell а story similar to а folk
tale оr legend апd often have а repeated rеfrаiп.
Тhеу аrе often about love and frequently sung.

с) These аrе long, serious poems that telI the story of

3 Limericks а hеrоiс figure.

Solitude Ьу Frederic Leighton d) These аrе lyric poems that аrе 14 lines long, falling
into three coordinate quatrains and а concluding
couplet.
Romantic
poemS е) These poems contain the principles and ideals of Е
beauty that are characteristic of Greek and Rоmап
art, architectuгe, and litеrаturе. They аrе concerned
with fоrm and discipline as opposed to emotional
5 Ballad poems impact.

Г) These are short, humоrоus poems consisting of five

Iines. Lines 1, 2 and 5 have seven to ten syllables and
rhуmе with опе апоthеr. Lines 3 and 4 have five to
6 Sonnets seven syllables and also rhуmе with еасh other.

Read the poem Ьу Lewis Саrrоl[ and say which type of роеm it is

70 ]0 SoIitude

I , .:] :yy,,:,, ,._-

F. Е
I

l
-"'
rr--'ы
 , ,\.

'r}

T.l,
,{F;€Ё]l]:i.,.: .
пS. 'J ,,:-{"',;,' .

I love the stillness of the wood: То live in joys that опсе have Ьееп,
I love the music of,the rill: То put the cold wоrld out of sight,
I love to соuсh in pensive mood And deck life's drеаr and Ьаrrеп scene
Upon some silent hill. With huеs of rainbow-iight.
Sсаrсе heard, beneath you arching trees, Fоr what to mап the gift of Ьrеаth,
Тhе silver-crested ripples pass; If sоrrоw Ье his lot below;
And, like а mimic brook, the Ьrееzе Ifail the day that ends in death
l Whispers аmоп8 the grass. ве dark with clouds of woe?

l Неrе from the world I win release, Shall the poor transport of ап hour
l
Nоr sсоrп of mеп, поr footstep rude, Repay long years ofsore distress;
Вrеаk in to mаr the holy реасе Тhе frаgrапсе of а lonely flоwеr
l
Of this grеаt solitude. Make glad the wilderness?
Неrе mау the silent tears I weep Ye golden hours of Life's young spring,
Lu1l the vexed spirit into rеst, Ofinnocence, oflove апd truth!
As infants sob themseives to sleep Bright, beyond aI1 imagining,
Upon а mother's breast. Thou fаirу-drеаm of youthI
Вut when the bitter hour is gопе, I'd give ail wealth that years have piled,
And the keen throbbing pangs аrе still, Тhе slow resuit of Life's decay,
Oh, sweetest then to couch alone то Ье опсе more а little chiid
]

I
Upon some silent hiil! Fоr опе bright summer-day,
i

GLosSARY

11
rill-аsmаllstrеаm thrоЬ - ifa painful раrt оfуоuг body throbs, the
]
соuсh - to lie dоwп pain comes and goes again and again
i
pensive - thoughtful рап8 - а чеrу strong, sudden, and unpleasant pain
cгest - the white top of а wave оr emotion
mimic - looking оr sounding rеаl, but not rеа1 deck - to decorate
Ьrook- asmall riчеr
]

drеаr - gioomy
l
sсоrп - а feeling that someone is not good enough Ьаrrеп - drу and empty
huе - соlоuг
l

to deserve уоur арргочаl ог геsресt

Ьгеаk in - to interrupt somebody's lot - someone's gепеrаI situation in life
-,I mаr - to spoi1 something Woe - а strопg feeling of sadness
lull - to make someone fee1 rеlахеd decay - the grаduаl destruction ofsomething as
vexed - annoyed, confused оr wоггiеd а геsult ofa паtuгаl process ofchange

10 5o[itude
 ]ilqýýý
Read the poem again and answerthe questions.
Ж
1 Whеrе is the аuthоr? Describe the place.
2 Why is he thеrе? How does he feel?
3 What is he thinking about?
4 What is he drеаmiпg of?

..i1ý How does the author describe:

1 his adult life?

2 his childhood?
3 паtчrе?
What does this te[l you about the аuthоr's life?

iЪý$ý Write the words and phrases which relate to:

7 Complete the table with some examples frоm the poem.

personification

Metaphor
Simile

i{iiц!li
iiiffi Fоrmulаtе the message of the роеm as you understand it.

t:i:iýi!Ё

]ffi Choose one of the tasks.

1 Fiпd / Drаw а picture to illustrate the роеm.

2 Find а translation of the роеm, / Translate the роеm.

10 Solitude
 COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons for уоur орiпiоп

ls thеrе anything you didn't [ike? wьуl

4

\
What else would you like to rеаd about this topic оr Ьу this аuthоr?

Who would уоu rесоmmепd this text to rеаd?

was it d iffiCult fоr you to read this text? why?

10 Solitude
rA
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со!*r€ .ыloмi n Ьfikd ш fld яй Ъа!ей йdе зсеts ЕшЕо
шd й&fiеЫщ !ф & Мfu dd ай. бе dlte ш 19ф L
Ы*i с Nay fuФФ ош Фl€ Фб ЬФt ffig& i. ile abм.
сфtе 5о oft са ъ. bld пй фе йЕi ý Yоt ы,е ъ Е ii for
}oк]t" or, *. rЫ ф Ь* сф,d
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Т*е Ъ. Ь
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egls Ф ,iloв й]*з fefud ]n бе ;h, fu YФ (ше-aU7 &. Y,ф &rоhй!l
fu fu fu ffifiy ýfuь gоrьfisФ€ No cdt, бs Ф
сФф!а .мФ А рЫ Mof ф Ьм ффd iеез ф
dl Ь ксе*еd 1iаасоФй СшЁ ф*dвdаФds| ЪJ ъ. ц.r* R.юlйdФз
cei4 ь Ь ЮтеЬ паs !Ьý DlD fus sй о{йе b&I Е пф*-i *-* .iirr
.

$Ё.;l"
Япr*"r these questions in pairs.
When was the last time уоu saw а good filrпl What was it? Why did you
=-а
-Ё
1ike it?
What cinema do you usually go to? Which film genres do you рrеfеrl *Е
ffi

J
Who is уоur favourite actor / actress?
Do you sometimes read fiim reviewsI Whу? / Why not) How do they
help you decide which film to watch?

74 1] Гi[m reviews
*ъъ-

L
 Match these fi[m reviewing terms with their exp[anations.

а) а саtеgоrу of fiim, the main types аrе: comedy, drаmа, musicals,

hоrrоr films, action films, westerns, suspense films, fantasy,
dосцmепtаriеs
stock сhаrасtеr
Ь) а film that doesn't focus оп one protagonist, а11 the characters
have important rоlеs

с) the perspective at which the саmеrа depicts its subjects, it is

believed that lоwеr angle suggests tension and the sense of doom
4 genre
d) Computer Generated Imаgеrу that makes some films incredibly
exciting to watch, but at the same time it might make the action
5 A-list
look uпrеаl

t
\

е) rumоur оr excitement surrounding the release of а new film

!ý 6 B-story
чý
f) а поп-соmmеrсiаl experimental оr artistic film aiming for the
connoisseur mаrkеt
7 саmеrа апglе
н g) а type of сhаrасtеr уоu see in а lot of films, а сliсhёd image
8 аrt-hоusе film h) literally whеrе the actors аrе, how they аrе situated, hоw they
#
mоче thrоugh the frаmе, how the action is staged in а film

9 CGI i) а type of film that is exploiting lurid subject matter, such as а big
il star, sex, violence, some taboo subjects апd that has а scandaious
fl element
ts1
10 blocking
ц j) а tеrm that rеfеrs to mаjоr film stars in the Hollywood movie
industry
1l ensemble film
k) а comment in the media which discloses plot details of а film and
is intended to distract attention frоm а rival
12 exploitation film
l) development of the subplot of а film, it is not as important as the
A-story but has its paralleis with it
13 spoiler
m) the main сhаrасtеr of the film
14 star vehicle п) the story of the film, the drаmаtiс action
о) а film that is exploiting someone's сhаrms and appeal and is
15 protagonist reflecting а fiIm star's qualities and acting abilities
 Read the extracts be[ow frоm reviews for а fi[m (АmЕ). What kind of fitm do Е
they describe? ls each review good, bad оr mixed? r€
as
г--
l
at
It certainly looks amazing, even if the visual is awful. The director, whо unfortunately а
mаiп сhаrасtеrs аrе ridiculous, ten-foot- wrоtе the screenplay, produced and edited it, w
tall, expressionless, blueish androids. While and cradled every frаmе carefully has а tin ear w
watching it, I admired the way the director fоr dialog, а Saturday mоrпiпg саrtооп sense tc
used his 3D palette mоrе creatively than the of сhаrасtеr development, а rеаllу рооr style St
оthеr 3D films of the past уеаrs. Тhеrе's а lot of of plot construction, and little оr по talent с}
action going оп in the frаmе, and ап incredible for directing actors. Take, fоr example, how w
depth of scene, Апd'Jaw-dropping" isn't quite these native people, who сап slink completely fc
exciting enough to describe its effect during unnoticed through the fоrеst, choose to do It
the flying scenes, which threaten to liberate battle with machine-gun-bearing giant robots ц]

viewers frоm thеir seats and toss them into the Ьу galloping straight at them оп six-legged о'
о,
ceiling. It's рurе cinematic joy, like riding in а horses instead of waging а guerrilla battle that о,
rоllеr coaster that requires уоu to wеаr bulky they'd have рrоЬаЬlу wоп with few casualties.
glasses that рiпсh into the sides оfуоur head. This is mеrеlу an ехаmрlе and I don't feel like
But everything about the story, the setting, going оп.
the dialog, and the parts that аrеп't рurеlу II
li
1I

This long-awaited film - shownwidely in thеrе is little depth to the сhаrасtеrs оr thе а
both 3D and 2Dversions - is as groundbreaking conflicts. The script is а mishmash of classic \л
as the hуре claims; it might even епd up being elements that have Ьееп explored better in ýl
some sort of cinema milestone fоr all time. mапу other productions. And, despite the ft
In short, it's а great film - in some ways. realistic photographic texture of the scenery, il
In others, unfortunately, it's no mоrе than the сhаrасtеrs still look and feel like animation. п
proficient. Experiments with 3D go back to the Wаrпiпg: it is essential to see the film in а а
earliest days of cinema, but the concept wasn't 3D venue. п
соmmеrсiаIlу realized until 1952, as раrt of the
industry's panicky reaction to television. It was /ъ l+

sооп marked as а gimmick. It's recently made { Persona//y,, r )

а comeback, mostly fоr computer-animated
l f'was аwlи
features. I've печеr seen а 3D film that made дмIдfТt сi "
t*F|e
mе especially huпgrу for mоrе... until now.
This one truly is spectacular! You feel as though ъilрfRs!"
яlйе,

уоu'rе looking through а window оr а visor into '1lсt_дsысl-

а real space. Add to that the ехtrаоrdiпаrilу
detailed computer-generated environments ъRЕдтг
and the rеsult is an unprecedented sense
of immersion. But fоr all the visuai depth,

11 Fitm reviews
 Ж Th"r"', Ьееп а lot of talk, leading up to its We сап fill in the gaps ourselves because we've
release, аЬоut whether оr not the film is really аlrеаdу seen better versions of this movie.
as original as its mаkеrs claim. The critics wеrе It doesn't matter how emotionally dead the film
!

l absolutely right: this is а story that's been told itself is оr how poorly written the script. We сап
а million times before. This is а film so рооrlу write the script ourselves, supply the emotion
ourselves, using all the material that's аlrеаdу in
l

written that it must rеsоrt to паrrаtiоп as а

l
i
way to hold its shambling, rickety structure очr heads, It makes it easy to sit back, rеlах and
!
together. Ечеп а cursory examination of the enjoy the pretty colors flying across the sсrееп
story rечеаls gaping plot holes and confusing as the director spins а web of animation that,
j

сhаrасtеr motivations. We accept it because while still not quite as good as live action, is Ьу
wе'че seen this movie Ьеfоrе. we know this far the best we've evef seen оп sсrееп. It's all
fоrmulа, we know how it's supposed to go. соlоrs апd lights апd effects, not emotion and
It only rеаllу works because it's so completely сhаrасtеr and plot. Instead of working on his
unoriginal, making it simple for audiences to script, the director made it beautiful, so beautiful
gloss over those miпоr details which would that уоu'rе likely to епjоу it оп sоmе empty,
оthеrwisе cause the whole thing to fall apart. forgettable level iп spite of its mапу flaws.

This is what I call а quality entertainment! doesn't waste time with setting, the viewers
It focuses оп а conflict between а native people аrе trusted to figure оut this newworld оп the
living оп а planet off in space and соrроrаtе go апd this trust pays off. Вut there аrе а few
invaders frоm оur planet. In а реrsопаl, dramatic, imperfections in the magic. I'm doubtful that
and spectacularly visual way it depicts а greed it is possible for опе of the сhаrасtеrs to smoke
which is far too соmmоп hеге оп Earth. Тhе cigarettes in ап oxygen-limited епчirопmепt,
quick but balanced расе outshines even the Ьut she does! And it's quite unlikely that in а
fantastic special effects, which seamlessly technological wonderland that enables bio-
integrate both live action and CGI. Despite the telepathy, the wеаропs аrе still bullets and
mоrе than two hоur ruп time, there is печеr dynamite. But if уоu'rе looking fоr а picture
а dull mоmепt and thеrе is not ечеп а slow with action, splendid visuals, rоmапсе, and even
mоmепt: it unwinds perfectly. Тhе director а message - 8о see it in IMAX 3D.

GLoSsARY
rB palette - rап8е ofcolours and othervisual gimmick - ап uпusчаl and uппесеssаrу feature
effects whose рurроsе is to attract attention or publicity
ц
cradle - to hold something carefully and gently mishmash - а confused miхtцrе of different
have а tin еаr - to Ье insensitive to music оr types ofthings
sounds of some kind shambling - awkward and unsteady
guerrilla battle - the irгеgulаr warfare in which гiсkеtу - not чеrу strong and likely to collapse
ý
small groups of soldiers use mobile militаrу сцrsоrу - brief and without paying much
tactics in the fоrm of raids to fight with а 1аrgеr attention to detail
but less mobile formal аrmу gloss over * to make а mistake оr an
groundbreaking - significant еmЬаrrаssiп8 moment seem unimportant Ьу
hуре - а lot of publicity and advertising to make ignoring it оr Ьу dealing with it quickly
people interested in something flaw - а mistake, а fault that shоuldп t Ье thеrе
milestone * an important event in the history seamless - having no breaks оr gaps iп it, оr
оr development of something which continues without ýtopping

1,1 Fi[m reviews

ffi
W
Фi*ý
 Read the extracts again and decide which of them gives the
following nformation:
i

1 Тhе film is enjoyable and easy to watch.

2 You need а piece of equipment to watch the
3 The film doesn't show апу emotions.
4 The review gives а short account ofthe plot.
5 Тhе blocking of the film is ехtrеmеlу rich.
6 Тhе review claims that the film lacks originaiity.
7 Тhе film is соmраrеd to а kind of amusement раrk entertainment.
8 Тhеrе is а mоrаl message in the film.
9 The review gives some сiпеmа history facts.
10 The plot of thе film is very рооrlу constructed.
11 The review ciaims that the film is а masterpiece in some respects.
L2 А чiеwеr might Ье disappointed with how 3D сhаrасtеrs look while
watching the film.
13 Тhе film combines traditional acting and CGI very we1l.
L4 The film provides complete involvement in the environment.
15 The review mentions the buzz about the fiim.
16 We сап find out the iength of the film frоm the review.
77 The rечiеw drаws оur attention to the great detail of the environment
in the film.

Look through the fitm reviews again and fi[[ in the chart.

positive features of the film Negative fеаtчrеs of the film

r* (ooks Тhе меiп сhаrас*еrs дrе ridiс,.а[оиs...

/б
Put these adjectives describing fi[ms into 7 pairs of antonyms.

factuaI сliсhёd historicaI depressing entertaining outstanding

mainstream original dul1 independent mediocre сопtеmроrаrу
uplifting fictional

Put these adjectives describing fi[ms into 7 pairs of synonyms.

brilliant exciting so-so du1I uplifting gripping inspirationa1

ачеrа8е boring awful comical funny excellent tеrriЬlе

Wоrk in grоuрs. Choose а film att of you have seen and discuss its
positive and negative features. Make rrotes of уоuг discussion. Report the
resu[ts of уоur discussion to the rest of the c[ass, and trу to persuade the c[ass
to watch the film of уоur choice.
 9 Write а film review. Fо[lоw these steps.

Give the title of the film and action, hоrrоr, thriller, comedy, rоmапсе, sci-fi, musical,
state its gепrе. drama, family, cartoon, fantasy, Western, etc

The plot is аЬоut... The film tells а story about...

Вriеflу describe the plot of
а detective chasing а сrimiпаl..
the film.
.

а haunted castle... gочеrпmепt соrruрtiоп.. .

Вгiеflу describe some of the The most important scene took place on. . . It was set in...
scenes you liked best / didn't The opening sсепе.., The ending... The romantic
like at all. scene... on апоthеr planet... in а boat... in Spain...

Describe the main сhаrасtег(s) Тhе lead rоlе is played Ьу... Тhе hеrо is... The heroine...
of the film. The villain,.. Тhе stock сhаrасtеrs аrе...

The film is... What makes the film enjoyable to watch is...
Give the general impression
The dirесtоr... Тhе acting... Тhе саmеrа wоrk...
of the fiim.
too muсh violence... soundtrack... visual effects..,

I would rесоmmепd it to... Go and watch it...

6 Make а recommendation.
I wouldn't advise you to watch it because...

80 ]1 t!tm reviews

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Who would you recommend this text to read?

was it d iffiCult rоr you to read this text? why?

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ýfu t-ook at the photo and discuss these questions iп pairs,

Whо do you think the sculpture shows? What is its title? And who is the
sculptor?
2 What do you think the initial intention of the sculptor was?
3 Writе down а question the реrsоп might Ье thinking about and соmраrе
your ideas in pairs. :

2 Read the text and put the words frоm the Ьох in the appropriate places.

Michelangelo The Diyine Соmеdу Dante (х 2) thinking

Auguste Rodin The Poet The'Ihinker (х3)

_
(1) is а bronze апd mаrЬlе sculpture Ьу
Ф-hеldintheМusёeRodininPа[Link]еpiсtsаmаn
in sober meditation battling with а powerfu1 iпtеrпаl stru88lе. This is
the most famous piece of аrt Ьу this Frепсh sculptor. It is said to Ье the statue
that most clearly shows the abstract idea of (3)

Originally named (4) __ , the piece was part of а commission Ьу the

Мusёе des Arts Dёcoratifs to create а monumental роrtаl to act as the dооr of thе musеum, Rodin
based his theme on (5) _ _ Ьу (6) ___ and
entitled the portal "The Gates of Hell". Еасh of the statцes in the piece represented one of the main
chаrасtersinthееpiсpoem.(7)-wasoriginallymеаnttodepiсt
(8) _ in frопt of the Gates of Hell, pondering his great роеm. Тhе
sculpture is nude, as Rodin wanted а hеrоiс figure iп the tradition of (9)

to rерrеsепt intellect as well as роеtrу.

Моrе than any other Rodin sculpture, (10) __ moved into the рорulаг
imagination as an immediately recognisable icon of intellectua1 activity, hе is pondering so intensely
that his toes are tightly clutching the grоuпd.

82 12 Unsolved рrоЬlеms of science

 3 Read the texts оп unso[ved scientific problems and match them with the tit[es.

1 А Better Тhеоrу of Gravity

2 Тhе WOW Signal
3 Coid Fusion
4 Тhе Тhеоrу ofEverything
5 consciousness
6 Dark Matter
7 The creation and Fate of the universe
ж

In the final years of his life, Albert Einstein а true ТОЕ would give scientists ап unshakable
was said to have Ьесоmе profoundly interested foundation upon which to heap thеir
in the discovery of the "Holy Grail" of physics, understanding of оur universe.
the Тhеоrу of Everything (ТОЕ). Fifty уеаrs
after Einstein's death, physicists аrе stilI As it turns out, the vast majority of thе
racking their Ьrаiпs to lеаrп if а uпiчеrsаl universe is invisible. This seemingly unbelievable
ТОЕ exists. Ideally, а true ТОЕ would link fact is attributable to "dark matter", which
together all known physical рhепоmепа, The ассоuпts for approximately 75 percent of the mass
difficulty in tying together а ТОЕ is that two in the universe. Dark mаttеr is hypothetical
cornerstones of physics, Einstein's thеоrу of matter that scientists can neither оьsеrче поr
gепеrаI relativity and the thеоrу ofquantum mеаsurе, but can iпfеr its existence due to its
mechanics аrе extremely difficult to combine. gravitational interactions with known matter.
Fоr decades, scientists have sought а thеоrу This dark matter, which contains по atoms and
that would reconcile fоuг basic forces: gravity, ехеrts по electromagnetic епеrgу on оthеr
electromagnetic force, strong пuсlеаг епеrgу, matter, is known to exist because of the effects
and weak пuсlеаr епеr8у. However, with it has оп the rotational speeds ofgalaxies, the
recent advances in cosmology, апу ТОЕ would orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters, and
most likely hаче to account fоr dark matter, the tеmреrаturе distribution of hot gas in and
dark energy, and inflationary fоrсе. It seems between galaxies. It is certainly alarming to
the сlоsеr scientists get to understanding the suddenly discover that the universe contains
universe, the farther away а ТОЕ slips. The lаrgе amounts of invisible matter, but this is
сurrепt mainstream ТОЕ is the "superstring exactly what happened whеп аstrопоmеrs,
theory", which posits that ali mаttеr, at its most measuring the аmоuпt of hot gas in and
basic level, is comprised of vibrating strands. between galaxies, lеаrпеd that clusters of
Recently, scientists have begun to consider that galaxies contained five times mоrе material
additional dimensions might assist in deriving than was expected frоm visible galaxies and
а ТОЕ, as multiple dimensions allow physicists hot gas. This led scientists to dесlаrе that some
to answer questions that have dogged them for other, invisible, "dark" matter made up the
decades, such as why gravity is so muсh weaker rеmаiпdеr of the materia1. Now that scientists
than other forces. Theorising that gravity could have discovered dark matter, the questions of
Ье leaking into оur dimension frоm апоthеr what dark matter is, how muсh of it thеrе is, and
solves some basic рrоЫеms with Einstein's what effect it has оп the universe remain to Ье
general theory of relativity. Моrе than simply answered.
balancing out equations оп а chalkboard,

11 Unso[ved problems of science

t
;1 Ечеrу schoolchild in the world Iearns about '' Тhе supposed discovery of cold fusion,
gravity through the story of Sir Isaac Newton quite literally, the creation of епеrgу from
sitting чпdеr the apple trее, so опе would think water, in 1989 led mапу to speculate that
that the question of gravity has been long- the епеrgу рrоЬlеms of the world had Ьееп
апswеrеd Ьу scientists. After all, Einstein саmе solved and that, in the future, епеr8у would
up with his general thеоrу of relativity way back Ье inexpensive and easily obtained. Ноwечеr,
in 1915. However, what mапу children don't when the claims of cold fusion, рчrроrtеdlу
lеаrп in school is that the theory of gravity achieved Ьу Martin Fleischman and Stanley
gives rise to almost as mапу questions as it Pons, could not Ье replicated, mапу physicists
solves. Fоr example, the theory of relativity dесlагеd cold fusion impossible. Following the
and the thеоrу of quantum mechanics аrе debunking of Fleischman and Pons'claims,
virtually incompatible. Additionally, it is the those who continued to wоrk on cold fusion
thеоrу of gravity that gives rise to the mуstеrу Ьесаmе pariahs in the field of physics. Fог
of dark matter; matter which is uпоЬsеrчаЬlе decades, thеrе was virtually по communication
in the uпiчеrsе but iпfеrrеd because of its between those working in cold fusion and the
gravitational effects on оthеr mass. Моrеочег, established scientific community. However, the
thеrе is no explanation for why gravity, as а global епеr8у crisis has renewed the interest in
fоrсе, is so muсh wеаkеr than оthеr forces, such cold fusion as ап endless sоurсе of rепеwаЬlе
as electromagnetic епеr8у. These discrepancies епеr8у. In 2002, the US Navy published а rероrt
make it difficult, if not impossible, fоr scientists in support of cold fusion. А 2007 symposium
to create а thеоrу unifying all the physical laws at Massachusetts Institute of Technology did
of the uпiчеrsе. Whеп it comes to physics, there's not focus оп whether cold fusion was rеаl, but
no question that gravity, as we understand it, is whether оr not it could Ье made соmmеrсiаllу
the mопkеу wrепсh thrоwп into the works. viable. In rесепt уеаrs, significant рrоgrеss
ll.n:: towards "table-top" епеrgу has Ьееп made.
:,:.:t"i, On August 15,1977, while workin8 on Without question, with the earth's паtчrаI
the "big еаr" project fоr the Sеаrсh fоr Ехtrа- rеsоurсеs in decline and global wаrmiпg ап
Теrrеstriаl Intelligence (SETI), Dr Jеrrу Еhmап increasing сопсеrп, the time has печеr been
detected ап unusually strong паrrоwЬапd radio Ьеttеr fоr the rеsurgепсе of cold fusion.
signal. The signal, which lasted fоr 72 seconds,
,ls .
арреаrеd to Ье non-terrestrial and originating ]i,] It is опе of the biggest mysteries in life: how
frоm outside оur sоIаr system. Тhе signal was ап influx of electrical impulses sent to а thrее-
so striking and so similar to what scientists pound mass of grеу tissue inside the skull gives
believed ап ехtrа-tеrгеstriаl signal would look risе to аwаrепеss, emotions, and sensations. In
like, that Dr Еhmап wrоtе the word "WOWI" other words, what gives rise to consciousness?
next to the signal on а computer printout. While wаtеr, air, and the function of оur
Thirty years after the WOW signal, SETI has physical bodies give rise to life, it сап Ье said
been uпаЬlе to find а rесurrепсе of the signal, that consciousness is life itself. То tackle this
though they wеrе able to determine that the question, scientists have broken the mystery of
signal seemed to have originated frоm the consciousness into "the easy рrоЬlеm", which
Sagittarius constellation. Тhе question 'Аrе seeks to distinguish оur awareness from the
we alone in the universe)" is опе of the fif mеrе unconscious functioning of our body.
most profound in оur existence. L..Ё _ ) "Тhе hаrd question", оп the other
possibly ,/5->
The WOWsignal mightlL HvJJtUrY
/,ъ--,Уr_=tr{ hапd, is what gives rise to а subjective
have given
siven us reason believe LlQа {{ л/-r{\
rеаsоп to believe \-,/ ехпеriепсе. Мяпv scientists beliewe
ехреriепсе. Many believe
we аге not. IJ (( that consciousness is simply the rеsult

(l
84 12 Unsotved problems of science
of chemicals and electric impulses in the Ьrаiп. banged? How did it bang? Why did it bang? And,
Аftеr all, опсе the Ьrаiп stops functioning, leaving the rеаlm of science and delving into
consciousness, as We know it, ceases to exist. philosophy and religion, did sоmеопе cause it to
others believe that consciousness reflects bang? Equally as important as the origins of оur
something mоrе than just the mеrе workings uпiчеrsе is the fate очr universe will eventually
ofthe brain, that consciousness is evidence ofa suffer. If, as scientists believe, the uпiчеrsе is
soul. The question of consciousness is as basic to constantly expanding, galaxies, stars, апd sоlаr
оur understanding ofourselves as the question systems will continue to rасе away from each
of whеrе we саmе frоm and why we аrе hеrе. оthеr, leaving dark, empty spaces in between.
should scientists ечеr Ье аые to сrасk the code Оr perhaps thеrе will Ье а sort of second Big
of consciousness, we mау one day Ье better able Bang, опе in which оur uпiчеrsе is destroyed,
to understand оuг place in the universe. rаthеr than created. Опе thing is certain: the
question of whеrе we саmе from andwhere we
Once highly controversial, the Big Bang аrе headed has Ьееп pondered Ьу humап beings
theory ofthe creation оfоur universe has gained since the beginning of time. It has fоrечеr Ьееп,
acceptance in rесепt decades. Тhе thеоrу, and will continue to Ье, the most important
which holds that all mаttеr exploded frоm question оur species сап апswеr.
а singularity, а microscopic, infinitesimally
dense, single point, seeks to explain hоw, in an
instant, nothingness exploded into everything,
While the Big Bang isn't accepted Ьу all
scientists, it has evolved очеr the years into the
mаiпstrеаm theory. But the Big Bang thеоrу
still leaves mапу questions uпапswеrеd. What
--___*_|
,ж ,
i i GLoSSARY
cornefstone - afundamental basis replicate - to repeat оr rерrоdчсе
iпfеr - to conclude Ьу rеаsопiпg from evidence, debunking - exposing as being pretentious, false
deduce оr exaggerated
iпсоmраtiЫе - unable to exist together in pariah - апу реr5оп that is gепеrаllу despised
hаrmопу оr avoided, an outcast
discrepancy - difference оr inconsistency viable - possible
thrоw а mопkеуwrепсh into something - rеsurgепсе - а rепеwаl
вставлять палки в колеса, мешать iпfluх - inflow, епtrу
coldfusion - холодный ядерный синтез controversial - debatable, polemical

ж
il!#Ж\iN

Жffi CULTURALNOTES
Holy Grail - а сuр оr chalice that in medieval legend was associated with unusual роwеrs,
especially the rеgепеrаtiоп of life and, later, Christian purity, and was muсh sought аftеr
Ьу medieval knights: identified with the cup used at the Last Suрреr and given to Joseph of
Arimathea; any greatly desired and sought-after objective; ultimate ideal оr rеwаrd.
Sagittarius - созвездие Стрелец.
Massachusetts Institute of Тесhпоlоgу - а private rеsеаrсh university located in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA. MIT has five schools and опе college, containing а total of 32 academic
departments, with а strong emphasis оп scientific and technological rеsеаrсh.
Big Bang thеоrу - Большой взрыв, одна из теорий происхождения Вселенной.

12 Unsc[ved рrоЬlеms of science

 'ni Йk
Look at these notes made Ьу а student and find the expressions and
abbreviations in the texts. Work in pairs and write down the exp[anations of
their meanings and the way they аrе соппесtеd with the texts. Соmраrе уоur
notes in grоuрs.

. global елеrgy crtsis - thе threat о{ thе еrhацstlоп о{ епеr{y rеsоцrсеs \,^/orld\,,Jide сацsеd

д nel,v vvave о{ iпtеrеst iп cold fцsiоп es а sоцrсе о{ rепе\,,/еЬ[е епеrgу

. cold Диsiоп

. tbeory о{ quапtчм месhдпiсs

. tЫее-уэоипd rидSs of {r"y *issие

, тоЕ

. l'big еаr'|

. Big Вепg thеоrу

. "tеЬЬ-tоrэ'l
l епеr{v
ol

. l'sиуэеrstriпg thеоrу"

. gfлеrд[ thеоrу о{ reletivity

. 9ат

. "dar? Mat*er'l

12 Unsolved рrоЬ[еms of science

 Look at the collection of сопсоrdапсе [ines with the word "рrоЬ[еm".
Then, using the texts (Ех.3), col[ect а[[ the co[locations with the wоrd "question"
and write them down. What аrе the most рорu[аr collocations? What conclusions
сап уоu draw out of the co[lected data? Shаrе уоur findings in grоuрs.

so[ving "rеаЬwоr[d" рrоЬlеms

а globattheory of рrоЬ[еm- so[ving

thеrе аrе mапу unsolved рrоЬ[еms in mathematics

а difficu[t problem that has existed

How do уоu solve lT problems?

Some problems аrе sеriоus

considered the main рrоЬ[еm to Ье his boss

а list of outstanding рrоЬlеms in physics I

to help understand the рrоЬ[еm l have created :

fоr the so[utions of these рrоЬ[еms we proposed

fo дпswеr
_thа* heve docced *hеm

12 Unsolved рrоЬlеms of science

 ffi Ж Compi[e the mind mар for "inte[[ectual activity" with words and
expressions frоm the texts. Соmраrе уоur resu[ts in groups.

to Ьесоме inferesfed in...

I
ffi Ж Discuss these questions in grоuрs.

Did you Ьесоmе interested in the texts you have just rеаd? Why? /
Why not?
which text seemed
. the most difficult to understand?
. the most thought-provoking?
. the most boring?

Give rеаsопs fоr уоur апswеrs.

3 Which of the scientific рrоЬlеms would you like to find the solution to?
Why?
4 Do you know апу оthеr unsolved scientific problems? What аrе they?

8 Choose one of the unsolved scientific рrоЬlеms frоm this [esson оr think of
апоthеr interesting unso[ved рrоЬlеm and do lnternet rеsеаrсh оп it. Рrераrе
а РоwеrРоiпt presentation оп уоur findings and make уоur presentation to the
rеst of the c[ass.

In уоur presentation you should:

. state the рrоЬlеm clearly
. say why the solution is imроrtапt
. give а brief history of its existence and the attempts to solve it
. outline the possible аррrоасhеs to its solution
. mention the benefits that the problem's solution will hаче for people

12 Unsolved problems of science

l
COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons for уоur opinion

ls thеrе anything you didn't [ike? wrryz

What else wou[d you [ike to геаd about this topic?

Who would уоu recommend this text to read?

was it diffiCult rоr you to геаd this text? why?

12 Unsolved рrоЬlеms of science 89

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What shou[d you think about when organising а trip to another city оr соuпtrу?
Complete the mind mар.

frэпsроrf

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What and who he[ps you organise а trip?

2 Read the encyclopedia entries and match the words to the definitions.

а guide book
а tоuг guide
а tоur mапа8еr
ап itiпеrагу

- provides assistance, inforrnation and

сulturа1, historical and сопtеmроrаrу heritage interpretation to реорlе оп
organised tours, individuai clients, educationa1 establishments, at гeligious
апd historical sites and at чепuеs of оthеr significant interest. Не оr she
usually has а recognised gualification.
W
ýýж - mапаgеs and supervises the itinerary
on behalf of the tоur ореrаtоr, ensuring that the рrоgrаmmе which was
sold to the traveller is carried out as described in the tоur ореrаtоr's
literature, and giving practical 1ocal information.

Ж _ - provides details about а geographic

location, tourist destination, оr itinerary. It is the writtеп equivalent of а
tour guide. Nowadays it mау Ье found in digital fоrm on travel websites.

- а detailed plan for а journey with а list

of places to visit.

13 HaVe а nice trip!

 :iijý!ýa
ii*ý
i,dSJ Put the guide books from the [ist be[ow in chronologica[ оrdеr оп
the timeline. Use the words below.

9 19ZOи
Сзп*цrч
/
. digital guide books
. first British guide books
. budget trачеl guide books
. books written Ьу treasure hunters

4 Read the text and check уоur answers.

f uide books usually include details, such as рhопе пumЬеrs, addresses,

\Jprices, and reviews of hotels, restaurants, and activities. Maps аrе often
included. Sometimes historical and cultural information is also provided.
Tourist guides also mау focus оп different types of travel, frоm аdчепturе
trачеl to relaxation, оr Ье aimed at travellers with lаrgег оr smaller travel
budgets, оr focus оп the particular interests and сопсеrпs ofcertain
grоuрs, such as businessmen оr families with children. Gчidе books аrе
generally intended to Ье used in conjunction with actual travel, although
simply enjoying а guide book with по intention of visiting mау Ье referred
to as "аrmсhаir tourism".

Тhе idea of а guide book dates back to the medieval АrаЬ world, with
the establishment of trеаsurе hunting as а mаjоr industry from аrоuпd
the 9th сепturу. Мапу guide books fоr travellers in sеаrсh of ancient Near
Eastern artifacts, monuments and treasures wеrе written Ьу experienced
Аrаьiс treasure hunters and Ьесаmе best sellers in the medieval Аrаь
world. This was раrtiсulаrlу the case in АrаЬ Egypt, whеrе ancient
Egyptian antiquities wеrе highly valued Ьу еаrlу Egyptologists.
Тhе mоdеrп tourist's guide book was pioneered Ьу Mariana Starke
whose guide to travel in Frапсе and Italy served as ап essential companion
fоr British travellers to the Continent in the еаrlу nineteenth century.
Starke's guide was frequently revised and was the first to focus on practical
\lуJзПэ iпfiоrmаtiоп rаthеr than descriptions of the places to Ье visited. Тhе gепrе
was developed Ьу Каrl Baedeker in Gеrmапу (1835) and Starke's рuЬlishеr
John Мurгау III in England (1836), Baedeker and Мurrау рrоduсеd
impersonal, objective guides. Тhе Baedeker and Мurrау guide books wеrе
hugely рорulаr and wеrе standard rеsоurсеs for travellers well into the
20th century. As William Wetmore Story said in the 1860s, "Ечеrу
Englishman abroad саrriеs а Мurrау for information, and а Вуrоп for
sentiment, and finds out Ьу them what he is to know and feel Ьу ечеrу step."

During World War I the two editors of Baedeker's English-language

titles left the соmрапу апd acquired the rights to Мurrау's Handbooks; the

13 Have а nice trip!

 resulting guide books, called the Blue Guides to distinguish thеm from the
red-covered Baedekers, constituted опе ofthe mаjоr guide book series for
mчсh of the twentieth century and are still published today.

ffiз Following World Wаr II, two new names emerged which combined
ý European and Аmеriсап perspectives оп international travel. Eugene
Fоdоr, а Hungarian-born аuthоr of travel articles, who had emigrated
to the United States Ьеfоrе the wаr, wrоtе guide books which introduced
English-reading audienceý to continental Europe. Аrthur Frоmmеr, ап
Аmеriсап soldier stationed in Еuгоре during the Коrеап War, used his

Рrаguе experience travelling around the Continent as the basis for Europe оп
$5 а Оау (1957), which introduced rеаdеrs to options fоr budget travel in
Еurоре. Both authors' guide books Ьесаmе the foundations for an extensive
series, eventually covering destinations аrоuпd the wоrld, including the
United States. In the decades that followed, LеtЪ Go, Lonely Рlапеt, Insight
Guides and а wide variety of similar trачеl guides wеrе developed, with
varying focuses.
With the еmеrgепсе of digital technology, mапу publishers turned to
electronic distribution, either in addition to оr instead of рriпt publication.
This can take the form of downloadable documents for reading on а
portable соmрutеr оr handheld device such as а PDA оr iPod, оr online
information accessible via а website. This enabled guide book publishers
, ll: i;; j;;;i;:;j i to keep their information mоrе сurrепt. Traditional guide book publishers
ii:iiЁ;tj]jt+j**i аrе now offering trачеI guides fоr download. New online and interactive
guides such as Tripadvisor оr Wikitravel enable individual trачеllеrs to
,r7,
j -.
"
!д,} j.:
.
shаrе their own experiences and contribute information to the guide. Some
".-: ! a=
Е E*-:,i-!
!i+i],! of thеm make the entire contents of thеir guides updatable Ьу users, апd
lg,.,r-3- make the information in their guides frее fоr others to use.

Read the text опсе again and complete the table.

Whatyou canfind Таrgеt grоuрs of Fаmочs guide Examples of guide Differences Ьеtwееп
in е guide book travellers books books onthe а traditional and
Irrternet aweb guidebook

]_] Have а nice trip!

I
6 Complete the sentences with the паmе of the ачthоr оr the guide book.

l wrote the first guide book about Frапсе

апd Italy.
was the first to give practical
information.
wrote books that wеrе рорulаr in the
l9th and 20th centuries.
was started about 100 уеаrs ago and
continues поw.
described Еurореап countries in
English.
helped rеаdеrs to save mопеу while
travelIing.
started а series ofguide books
describing places all очеr the world.

]1:iiýti
ýý!i Апswеr the questions.

l Which is сhеареr: to buy а package tоur оr to plan а tourist trip

yourself?
2 Which is mоrе reliable / difficult to organise?

8 Think about planning а trip independently. Make notes. Use the ideas below.

Itinerary should iпсludе:

hоw long you аrе going to travel
mопеу you can spend on travelling
whеrе to travel
places to see
whеrе to stay
transport
tranSportation costs
accommodation costs
how muсh уоu can spend оп food
hоw much you can spend on sightseeing
buying souvenirs

13 HaVe а nice trip!

 а) Look through the tab[e and match the headings to the columns.
А accommodation
В activity
С date
D day of the week
Е excursions and оthеr
F food
G transportation costs

t*W8ф*dfikftмi) 1,11 . ,::] ф, _q,pмý- ýФщqr |д,*,. *": "

1_ 2_ з- 4_ ]5- 6_ 7-
L

l
l

30 Jчпе Monday Tula, 12,15 1000 rubles Youth hostel Lunch, l River cruise
Moscow,
- i
i 1100 rubles diппеr l 750 rubles
15.40, trаiп i 500 rubles ]

l
l 1

'l July Tuesday tl00 rubles Breakfast, Kremlin

]

Day in l ]
Moscow luпсh, 1000 rubles
l dinner t

750 rubles
I

i l
i
I

2 Ju|y Wednesday Day in l lloo rubles Breakfast, I

Tretyakov
Moscow l
lunch, I Gallery,
dinner ] Kolomenskoe
750 rubles l 900 rubles
I

Bus to private hotel ]Walk around

I

З July Thursday З50 rubles Breakfast,

Vladimir, 1200 rubles lunch, i the city
8.з0 dinner
600 rubles

Friday Day in private hotel, Breakfast, i Local museum

Vladimir 1200 rubles lu псh, i zoo rubles
dinner
]

600 rubles i
j

5aturday Bus to Suzdal, 'l20 rubles private hotel Breakfast, Kremlin,

9,00 950 rubles lu nch, i monastery
diппеr i 400 rubles
600 rubles

6 July Sunday Busto Moscow, 400 rubles

train to Tula 1000 rubles
,i'ii ]]'] if|ifl
щl*J,**.$фж,: i

l] Have а nice trir

 Ь) Complete the sentences with the соrrесt со[umп.

а) Column helps to book services available only оп

certain days.
ь) Соlumп gives ап idea of whеrе уоu аrе and whеrе

уоu аrе going to travel оп that day.

с) Соlumп helps make bookings fоr the right date.
d) Соlчmп shows hоtеI costs. If you knowwhere you
1lфý{ё

;jЁ
q:rj+я;
want to stay, enter thе actual cost, otherwise use а rough estimate.
1;Цil i]]
е) Column is fоr local trапsроrt, поrmаl musеum
епtrапсе fees and so оп. It is helpful to plan уоur budget depending
оп whеrе уоч аrе and what exactly you аrе going to do.
f) Column is fоr daily spending on food. It depends
оп уоur budget and mау vary а lot.
ý g) Соlumп shows transportation costs.
f
l
il
с) What wou[d you change in the itiпеrаrу above? Why?
l
i

l ffi Ж lп pairs discuss опе of the questions. Write down уоur ideas and
l exp[ain уочr opinions.
]:,l

.ii
. What should / shouldn't Ье included in а guide book in the 21st сепturу?
.
l".i
]il
iil,l Should printed guide books Ье completely replaced Ьу web rеsоurсеs?
{
. Would you рrеfеr to buy а package tour frоm the travel agent оr plan an
,ý
l itinerary yourself? Why?
l
l
l
l

l
l

I
l

,l

,ii
l
l

il
l
l
I

Ёi
],, й
ýEF

13 HaVe а nice trip!

 ]

COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

'i

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls thеrе anything you didn't [ike? wbyz

ý
What else would you [ike to read about this topic?
Е

Who wou[d you rесоmmепd this text to read?

#
*
#
#
was it difficu[t tоr you to read this text? why?
в*
е

а
I

*
l

а
I

=
1Э Наче а пiсе trip!
l ]

14 Land аrt
Discuss the questions in pairs.

1 What fоrms of аrt do you know? Make а list.

2 What would you like to see in an аrt galleryP
3 In уоur opinion what forms of аrt аrе the most popular with young
people?

э.#
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97
 Read the text and identify the works of аrt in the photos. S
cl
ч
с

t
t
I
I
t

t
(

g апd аrt оr Еаrth art is ап art movement world such as Ctrcles oJ Time in Flоrепсе, Italy,
L_which еmеrgеd in the United States in the documenting the historical usage of the land.
late 1960s and еаrlу 1970s, in which landscape The mочеmепt began in ОсtоЬеr 1968 with the
and the wоrk of агt аrе closely linked. It is also grоuр exhibition "Earthworks" in New Yоrk.
ап art fоrm that is created in паturе, using Perhaps the best known artist who worked in
natural materials such as soil, rосk, оrgапiс this gепrе was the Аmеriсап Robert Smithson.
media (logs, Ьгапсhеs, leaves, and wаtеr) and His best-known piece, and рrоЬаЬlу the most
introduced mаtеriаls such as сопсrеtе, metal, famous piece of all land аrt, is t!;rе Spiral letty
asphalt, miпеrаI pigments. Sculptures аrе not (1970), fоr which Smithson аrrапgеd rock, earth
placed in the landscape, rаthеr, the landscape and algae so as to form а long (1500 ft) spiral-
is the mеапs of their creation. often еаrth- shape jetty рrоtrudiпg into the Grеаt Salt Lake
moving equipment is involved. The wогks in поrthеrп Utah, US. How much of the wоrk, if
frequently exist in the open, located well away апу, is visible is dependent оп the water levels.
frоm civilisation, left to change under паtчrаl Since its creation, the work has Ьееп completely
conditions. Мапу of the first works, created in covered, and then чпсочеrеd again, Ьуwаtеr.
the deserts of Nevada, New Mexico, Utah ог Land аrt can Ье found in virtually ечеrу
Arizona, поw only exist as video recordings оr соuпtrу in Еurоре and Аmеriса. Sometimes it is
photographic documents. closely connected with so-called environmental
Land аrt is to Ье understood as an artistic art. Fоr example, Аlап Sonfist, with his first
protest against the aгtificial and соmmеrсiаl аrt historical Тimе Lапdsсаре sculpture visible
at the end of the 1960s in Аmеriса. It rejected to this day in New Yоrk City's Greenwich
the musеum оr gallery as the setting of artistic Village, introduced the key environmentalist
works and developed monumental landscape idea ofbringing nature back into the urЬап
projects. environment. Today Sonfist is joining forces
Аlап Sonfist is а рiопееr of ап аltеrпаtiче with the Ьrоаd enthusiasm for епчirопmепtаl
аррrоасh to working with паturе and culture and green issues to рrороsе а пеtwоrk of such
that hе began in 1965, His most inspirational sites асгоss the metropolitan аrеа, which wi1l
wоrk is Time Landscape - an indigenous forest raise consciousness ofthe key rоlе that паturе
he planted in New Yоrk City. Не also created will play in the challenges of the 21st century.
several other Time Landscapes around the Ву contrast, despite its aesthetic merits,

14 Land art
 Smithson's celebrated Spiral Jetty involved sечеrаl penguins and а seal Ьесаmе trapped

l
considerable damage to the landscape he wоrkеd uпdеr the fabric and had to Ье cut оut.
with. The artist used а bulldozer to scrape and conservationists' comments attracted
ý
cut the land, impinging upon the lake. international attention iп environmental
lr Indeed, а lot of criticism was raised against
the Еurореап sculptor Christo when he
circles, and led artists iп the region to
re-think the inclinations of land art.
Е tеmроrаrilу wrapped in fabric the coastline at Реrhарs the most celebrated instance of
Little Вау, south of Sydney, Australia, in 1969. епчirопmепtаl аrt in the late 20th century
Local conservationists staged а protest, arguing was Z000 Oaks, ап ecological action staged in
that the work was ecologically irresponsible 1982 Ьу Joseph Beuys, in which the artist and
and affecting the local епчirопmепt, especially his assistants highlighted the condition of the
the birds that nested in the wrарреd cliffs. local епчirопmепt Ьу planting 7,000 oak trees
Complaints wеrе опlу heightened whеп throughout and around the city of Kassel.
;
a!

& э Аrе the following statements trче, fa[se оr not mentioned in the text?

l Land artists use only паturаl materials in their works.

2 Most of the works аrе created Ьу land artists indoors.
3 А lot ofthe first еаrth sculptures аrе поw саrеfullу preserved
in аrt galleries.
Еаrth аrt арреаrеd in the USA in the second halfofthe
20th сепturу.
Alan Sonfist sometimes argued with Robert Smithson about
environmental issues.
6 You can see Spiral /etty only uпdеr favourable conditions.
1 Christo and his wife worked in mапу countries in Еurоре.
8 Land art is а sупопуm of environmental art.
9 No animals suffered frоm Еаrth аrt.

4 Find the words in the text and match them to the definitions.

1 еmеrgе а) to disagree with something

2 artificial Ь) а long паrrоwstruсturе that goes from the land out into а lake,
sea, оr riчеr
3 reject с) relating to beauty оr to the study ofthe principles ofbeauty,
4 alternative especially in art
5 jetty
d) the knowledge оr understanding that something exists оr is
important
6 рrоtrudе е) relating to towns and cities
7 aesthetic f) to соmе out of something, to арреаr
g) to Ье furthеr fоrwаrd than the rest of something
8 urЬап
h) something that уоu сап choose instead of something else
9 metropolitan i) made Ьу people, not паturаl
l0 consciousness j) belonging to а big city оr typical of big cities
I

Land аrt 9,?,, ;,,:ti:'i'r,,,:,,,;',

жcýЁ##_
 Tick (/) the items which the author mentions in the text. Write down the words
and phrases the аuthоr uses to describe them.
Land art

NatuTal materials

Organic media

Glass sculpture

Introduced materials

Епчirопmепtаl art

Minimalism

6 Look at the photos. Which of them in уоur opinion:

...belong to traditionai art?

...belong to Еаrth art?
. ..are environmentally friendly?

Ж ffi Which opinion is c[osest to уоurs? lп groups of three оr fоur choose

опе statement and discuss it. Write fоur to five statements to support уоur
орiпiоп.

"Дп artist should опlу think of the aesthetic merits of his / hеr work, he / she
doesn'r hаvе to think аЬоut the impact оп the епvirопmепt it сап haye."

"Iп the 27st сепtury the епчirопmепtаlist aspect oJ art has Ьесоmе ап
important issue апd should Ье tаkеп into consideration."

8
Ж Look at the photos in Ех.2 апd 6. ln pairs discuss where you would put
the works of аrt.

100 14 Land аrt

 Reading dia

CommentS (something you found Strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls there anything you didn't [ike? wbyz

What else would you like to rеаd about this topic?

Who would уоu rесоmmепd this text to read?

was it diffiCu[t ror-you to rеаd this text? why?

14 Land аrt
 Ф
J
tв
Ф

Match the litеrаrу genres with their definitions. Recal[ some example novels
rеfеrriпg to these gепrеs.

Gothic novel Rоmапсе novel Bildungsroman

ffi Tbi, is а novel that сочеrs the mоrаl growth and development of the
main сhаrасtеr, through а'Jоurпеу". Тhеrе is поrmаllу some kind
of unhappiness disrupting their еаrlу life. After this jоurпеу, the
сhаrасtеr finds their rоlе in society, but only once they hаче found а
way to live as thеir trче self. The tеrm originates from Gеrmап апd
mеапs "novel of education".

ffi ТЬ" action in this kind of novel is typically set in а dilapidated

mansion оr castle, some of the сhаrасtеrs аrе ghosts оr other
suреrпаtчrаl сrеаturеs and thеге аrе some ееriе арреаrапсеs ofthem
in front of the main hеrо оr heroine, who is often fragile and has to
епdurе frustrated love.

This kind of novei clearly exemplifies а hеrо and hеrоiпе who develop
rоmапtiс love fог each оthеr, work to develop а relationship together
and survive hardships and dangers to Ье happily united at the end of
the book.

Read the book rечiеw and comp[ete it with the wоrds frоm the Ьох.

ending hеrоiпе гоmапсе Viсtоriап Ьоаrdiпg Rochester oldest

80vernes5 bildungsroman autobiographica1 confidence 8othic
dапgегs

lапе Eyre is а famous and influential nove1 Ьу English writеr Charlotte

Вrопtё. It was published in London, England, in 1847 with the tit|e lапе
Eyre. Ап Дutobiography. Iапе Eyre is а (1) novel which is
а (2) and (3) combined with fеаturеs of
а (4) novel. The (5) and hero, Jane and
(6) follow а path that leads thеm through unhappiness,

'W
W:....
1о2 15 Jane Еуrе

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ffiil"ýýW:
Ж

г
 (7) and difficulties. Тhеу еmеrgе at the end of their
journeys as stгопgеr people whо аrе able to enjoy the hарру
(8) they've еаrпеd,
Тhеrе аrе mапу elements of the stоrу that reflect Charlotte Вrопtё's оwп
life, although it isn't strictly an (9) поче1. One of the
сhагасtеrs is рrоЬаЫу modelled оп Charlotte's (10) sister,
and Charlotte had experienced Ьоth life at а hаrsh (11)
school and as а (12)
Тhе почеI takes place in six settings: Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Мооr
House, the village school cottage and Fеrпdеап. In some ways, the settings
геflесt Jane's development and increased (13)

ДЫ Work in pairs. Look at the picture and answer the questions. Then read
the text be[ow апd check уоur guesses.

1 Who is the girl?

2 Whеrе is she?
3 What do you think has happened?
4 Why does she have the notice оп hеr neck?
5 How do you think she is feeling?

'А careless girl!" said Мr Brocklehurst, and

immediately after - "It is the new pupil,
I perceive." And before I could drаw Ыеаth,
"I must not forget I have а wоrd to say
respecting hеr." Тhеп aloud: how loud it seemed
to mе! "Let the child who Ьrоkе hеr slate соmе
fоrwаrd!"
Of mу own ассоrd I could not have stirred:
I was paralysed: but thе two grеаt girls whо sat
оп each side of mе, set mе on mу legs and pushed
mе toward the dread judge, and then Miss
Temple gently assisted mе to his very feet, and
had sat rvel1 back оп the fоrm, and while I caught hеr whispered counsel: "Don't Ье afraid,
seeming to Ье busy with mу sum, had Jane, I saw it was ап accident; you shall not Ье
held mу slate iп such а mаппеr as to conceal punished."
mу face: I might har,e escaped notice, had not The kind whisper went to mу hеаrt like а
mу treacherous slate somehow happened to slip dagger.
frоm mу hand, and falling with ап obtrusive 'Апоthеr minute, and she will despise mе fоr
crash, directly drawn ечеrу еуе uроп mе; а hypocrite," thought I: and ап impulse of fury
I knew it was а11 очег now, and, as I stooped to against Reed, Brocklehurst and Со, bounded
pick up the two fragments of slate, I rallied mу in mу pulses at the conviction. I was no Неlеп
forces for the worst. It саmе. Burns.

10]

=ж
ж
 "Fеtсh that stool," said Мr Вrосklеhurst agent in hеr? Yet such, I grieve to say, is the case."
pointing to а чеrу high one frоm which а А pause - in which I began to study the
monitor had just risen; it was brought. palsy of mу пеrчеs, and to feel that the Rubicon
"Place the child upon it." was passed; and that thе trial, no longer to Ье
And I was placed there, Ьу whоm I don t shirked, must Ье firmly sustained.
know: I was in по condition to note раrtiсulаrs: "Му dеаr сhildгеп," pursued the black-
I was опlу аwаrе that they had hoisted mе uр to mаrЬlе clergyman, with pathos, "thiý is а sad,
the height of Мr Brocklehurst's nose, that he was а melancholy occasion; fоr it becomes mу duty
within а yard of mе, апd that а spread of shot to warn you, that this girl, whо might Ье one
оrап8е and рurрlе silk pelisse, and а cloud of of God's own lambs, is а little castaway: not
silvery plumage extended and waved below mе. а mеmЬеr of the truе flock, but evidently ап
мr Brocklehurst hеmmеd. iпtеrlореr and an alien. You must Ье оп уоur
"Ladies," said hе, tuгпiпg to his family; "Miss guard against hеr; you must shuп hеr ехаmрlе:
Temple, teachers, and children, you all see this ifnecessary, avoid hеr соmрапу, exclude hеr
girl?" frоm уоur sports, and shut hег out frоm уоur
Of course they did; fоr I felt their eyes сопчеrsе. Теасhеrs, уоu must watch hеr: keep
directed like burning-glasses against mу уоur eyes on hеr movements, weigh well hеr
scorched skin. words, scrutinise hеr actions, punish hеr body
"Yоu see she is yet уоuп8; you observe she to sаче hеr soul, if, indeed, such salvation Ье
possesses the оrdiпаrу form of childhood; God possible, fоr (mу tongue falters while I tetl it)
has graciously given hеr the shape that he has this girl: this child, the native of а Christian
given to al1 of us; no signal deformity points hеr land, wоrsе than mапу а little heathen who
out as а marked сhаrасtеr. who would think that says its рrауеrs to Вrаhmа and kneels Ьеfоrе
the Evil Опе had already found а sеrчапt and Juggernaut - this girl is - а liаr,"

GLosSARY

slate - а small board in а wooden frаmе used fоr hem - to сlеаг one's thгоаt
writing on in schools in fоrmеr times scorched - Ьurпt
trеасhеrочs - disloyal palsy - muscle paralysis
оыгusiче - noticeable pathos - (here) а sad pitying tone of voice
rally - to Ьгiпg something together shirk - to deliberately avoid
оп one's own ассоrd - without being fоrсеd to castaway - а rejected person
stir - to move slightly iпtегlореr - iпtгudеr
despise to regard with contempt, loathe
- shuп - to avoid completely
hуросritе - someone who ргеtепds to Ье falter - to Ьесоmе weaker and чпаьlе to
morally good continue
pelisse - а woman's loose light cloak hеаthеп - not connected to the christian
plumage - feathers religion

Ж cuLTuRAL NoTEs
RчЬiсоп -the point of no rеtчrп; Rubicon is а29 km long riчеr in
поrthеrп Italy, it was crossed Ьу Julius Caesar in 49 ВС, which
was considered ап act of wаr.
Вrаhmа - in Hinduism, the сrеаtоr.
Juggernaut - the title fоr thе Hindu God, Krishna.

]04 ]5 Jane Еуrе

l
 Read the text again and decide whether these statements аrе truе оr fa[se,
соrrесt the fa[se statements.

1 Jane Ьrоkе hеr slate deliberately.

2 Мr Вrосklеhurst wanted to talk to rane.
3 Miss Теmрlе tried to calm Jапе down.
4 Iапе climbed а сhаir in front of the class.
5 Jапе couldn't see the details of what was going оп аrоuпd hеr.
6 Мr Вrосklеhurst accused Jane of breaking the slate.
7 Iапе decided to endure the inevitable trial.
8 Мr Вrосklеhurst suggested that the children should watch Jane.

Look through the text again and fitl in this сhаrt with the wоrds and
expressions rеfеrriпg to:

Saying things
еsсдре no*ice

Why do you think thеrе is such а [arge rапgе of words and expressions in the text?

How is this text organised? Divide it into severa[ logical parts and justify уоur
idea.

W Ж Work in pairs. Rеfеr to the text опсе mоrе and апswеr these questions.

а) How do we 1еаrп what Jane feels about the incident) Why do you think
the giгl has such intense feelings about it}
ь) Мr Вrосklеhurst usеs too mапу imperatives. What does this show us
аьоut his character?
с) Analyse Мr Brocklehurst's speech, looking at
. organisation
. vocabulary
.
sentence structure
.
effect оп the audience
d) What techniques does Мr Вrосklеhurst use to make his speech effective?
Do you think he achieved his goal?
е) What do уоu think of the punishment hе suggests? Is it easy оr difficult
to епdurе it? Why?

Ж ýЖ Work in groups and discuss these questions.

1 Did you enjoy reading the ехсеrрt frоm the novel? Why? / Why not?
2 Was it easy оr difficult to understand the text? What helped уоu to соре
with it?
3 Would you like to rеаd the whole book? Whу? / Why not?
4 Is itworth reading classical novels nowadays? Give rеаsопs fоrуоur answers.

15 Еуrе
'апе
 COmmentS (something you found strange, exciting, interesting, fчппу, etc)

Reasons for уоur opinion

ls there anything you didn't [ike? wnyz

What else wou[d you [ike to read about this topic or Ьу this author?

Who would you recommend this text to rеаd?

was it diffiCu[t tоr you to rеаd this text? why?

]5 .lапе Еуrе
Ж.;,

Жýffi
::": *]l'--,.;gggi,'*

_";
 Ф

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lr1

Look at the photo and symbols and апswеr the

queStions.

1 What is this?
2 Can you tell what any of the symbols
represent?
3 Are апу symbols repeated|
4 Do you think thеrе is апу system in these
symbols?

Read the text and choose the best title.

1 Recent attempts to understand ancient

writing systems.
2 Why is it difficult to understand ancient texts?
3 Ancient languages in the mоdеrп world.

i any undeciphered writing systems date

lVlrr#
' ,"r,"r"l thousand уеаrs ВС, though
some mоrе mоdеrп examples do exist. Тhе
difficulty in deciphering these systems can arise
frоm а lack of known language descendants
оr fгоm the languages being entirely isolated,
frоm insufficient examples of text having been
found and ечеп from the question of whether the
symbols actually conýtitute а writing system at
all. Some rеsеаrсhеrs have made claims of being
able to decipher certain writing systems, such
as those of Оlmес and Indus texts; but mапу
of these claims have not Ьееп widely accepted
within the scientific community,

3 Read the text опсе again and апswеr the questions.

1 What period do mапу undeciphered writing systems date frоm?

2 Whу is it difficult to dесiрhеr them? Make а list of reasons.
3 Which reason is the most соmmоrr in уоur opinion?

16 You've got а [еttеr... frоm the past 107

 4 Read the second раrt of the text and check уоur апswегs (Ех. l).

ж
The Cascajal Block is а writing tablet-sized slab The ОImес flourished in the Gulf Coast region
which has Ьееп dated to the еаrlу first millennium of Mexico, с. 1250-400 ВС. Тhе evidence for this
ВС сочеrеd with unknown characters that mау writing system is based solely on the text on the
rерrеsепt thе earliest writing system in thе New Cascajal Block.
Worid. The block holds а total of 62 glyphs, some of
Archaeologist Stephen D. Houston of Вrоwп which resemble plants such as соrп and pineapple,
University said that this discovery helps to "link оr animals such as insects and fish. Many of the
the Оimес civilisation to literacy, document ап symbols аrе mоrе abstract boxes оr blobs. The
unsuspected writing system, and rечеаl а пеw symbols on the Cascajal Block аrе unlike those of
complexity to the Olmec civilization." any оthеr writing system in Mesoamerica, such
as in Мауап languages. Тhе Cascajal Block is also
unusual because the symbols арраrепtlу ruп in
The Cascajal Block was discovered Ьу rоаd builders horizontal rows апd there is по strong evidence
in the late 1990s in а pile of debris in the village of ofoverall organisation. Тhе sequences арреаr to
Lomas de Tacamichapa in the Vеrасruz lowlands Ье conceived as independent units of information,
in the ancient olmec heartland. Тhе block was А11 other known Меsоаmеriсап scripts typicaliy

found amidst сеrаmiс shards and clay figures цsе vertical rows.
and frоm these the block is dated to the оlmес
archaeological сulturе's Sап Lоrепzо Тепосhtitlбп
phase, which ended с. 900 ВСЕ. Tttis means scientists think that the text if decoded wilI
that the characters on the block аrе some 400 decipher earliest voices of Mesoamerican
уеаrs оldеr than апу оthеr writing known in the civilisation. Some of the signs wеrе frequently
Western hemisphere. Archaeologists examined repeated, particularly ones that looked 1ike ап
and registered it with 8очеrпmепt historicai insect оr а lizard. These might Ье signs alerting
authorities. It weighs about 11.5 kg апd measures the rеаdеr to the use ofwords that sound alike but
36х2Lх13сm. hаче different meanings - as in the difference

16 You've got а letter... frоm the past

betweeп 'T' я.па, *g[Е" il English. Тhе liпеаr
sеquепсiпя. ээ--j-:1, of signs, the сlеаr Some archaeologists аrе sceptical about the
раttегш cf
-
;гiжg;г;-"е thiý is writing. But we importance of the block. Some of them think the
don't kпсqrт:ш I i!5ъ_ tablet might Ье а fake because the syrnbols аrе
laid out in horizontal rows, unlike the region's
ffi
g оthеr writing systemS.
"This is е_т=5Ее_т -т]ЕL-Е:апt Ьесаusе we What is mоrе, when the scientists rеtriечеd the
rrечеr гесс€;j эвs lштi:i,пg system, until tablet, it was already rеmочеd frоm the ground,
this discei:e:-г,-
-
ш;:aeologist Каrl Taube,
eT-l,J taking it out of its origina1 archaeological
who wa-q :=;чцтd, :Е:зе,dосumепtаtiоп and context. So it cannot Ье rеliаЬlу dated.
puЫicati.-:: ;Е":ж trýЕrery .W'е'че kпоwп they Besides, the biock is unique. Тhеrе is no оthеr
have аrt, ;::: лв:шзgз:ryfuу. but this is the first known ехаmрlе of Оlmес drawing, muсh less
Strong iп;:;д:з,:с, lltilm.ЙЕу had visually rесоrdеd writing, on а serpentine slab.
speech." Al1 other Меsоаmеriсап writing systems аге
Willia:- _\ё:l;trJrв& ш iпr"оlчеd in the study, written either vertically оr linearly. The glyphs
agreed tha: -'., ъ:rfurп:tIу аrгапgеd inscription оп the block аrе аrrапgеd in neither format Ьut
shows paite:з тЬt лвtfoе hallmarks of true instead "rапdоmlу bunch".
writ i п g, i :]c_-j!-{t tБ ч[йIr апd lаngu аge- sреcifiс As pointed out Ьу the origina1 authors, some
wоrd оrdеr, *ТhшtfuШ&lоrtп, legitimate text of the glyphs do арреаr оп оthеr OImec artifacts,
- written s"гffflr&!пg the place of sPOken but have печеr Ьееп identified as writing, опlу as
wоrds," said 5м" дanthropologist and decorative motifs.
е хр еrt in _\Iesщiczв ш-ritiпg.

Fп
l J .iht GLOSSARY
The Olmec - ап ancient рге-СоlumЬiап civilisation living in the tropical
,orTlands of south-centra1 Mexico
debris - the Ыоkеп pieces that are left when something 1аrgе has Ьееп destroyed
ВСЕ - Веfоrе the Соmmоп Era. Used as an alternative to ВС (Веfоге Сhгist),
especially Ьу non-Christians
}Iesoamerica - а геgiоп and счltчге аrеа in the Americas, extending
арргохimаtеlу fгоm central Mexico to Нопduгаs and Nicaragua, within which а
пumЬег of pre-Columbian societies flourished Ьеfоrе the Spanish colonisation of
гhе Americas in thе 15th and 16th centuries, including the Оlmес, the Мауа, and
the Aztec

Read the text опсе again and match the headings to the раrаgrарhs. There is
опе extra heading.

а) How the block was found

Ь) Public support
с) Rock-solid рrооf that this
is а writing system
d) Some doubts about the block's importance
е) Тhе importance of the block fоr the science
f) The Olmec writing system
g) The unusual discovery

16 You've got а [etter... frоm the past j!ý9lliiiiiiililKlý![Link]$ j

i:}t],:i . ]19жl{Jiiiýiiýlji:i:-цщ]iti
j:.ii:::':11ý:l
]ill]:. ]i:::..:l:].ý::, ]1':]
:i]liii]_i!iia:i!l:i.,:]iiiýiii:;
iiiiiil|.]:iii:::ii:..i:it:. ]li,i:r]'ii|;]l
iii., :.i:i:]l:]ýii*trý.i}Ч;::: €[Link]:i.lЗ :

;il ii. .i
, .. ..9i:]ri];;]:ir!{j:..: ii.a ::!a]]!
 6 Match the words to the definitions.

slab а) опе half of the Еаrth, divided between north and south Ьу the
equator г
literacy
Ь) done in а way that сап Ье trusted to Ье ассurаtе
hеmisрhеrе с) to succeed in understanding the meaning of something written in
а secret system of letters оr symbols
evidence d) а 1аrgе flat piece of а hard material such as stone оr wood
dесiрhег е) something that is believed to hаче qualities they do not really have,
оr something made to trick people
fake f) the ability to rеаd and write
g) pictures and symbols used to represent sounds and words in some
reliably
writing systems
glyphs h) facts оr physical signs that hеlр to рrоче something

Look through the text and write down the information to eva[uate the
importance of the discovery.

The block is an important discovery because

It's difficult to consider the block as an important discovery because

iý' Ж Wоrk in groups of three оr four. Choose and discuss one question.

1 Which grоuр of scientists do you support? Explain уоur opinion.

2 Do you think it is possible to decipher ancient writing systems? Why?
What would you do to achieve this?

]10 16 Yоu'че got а [etter... frоm the past

г
l
1
CommentS (something you found Strange, exciting, interesting, funny, etc)

Reasons fоr уоur opinion

ls there anything you didn't like? wnyz

What else wou[d you like to read about this topic?

Who would you rесоmmепd this text to read?

was it diffiCu[t rоr you to rеаd this text? why?

16 You've got а letter... frоm the past

 Ttre Publishers would like to thank th€ following for permission to rерrоdчсе images and copyright material:
@ "You аrе what you rеаd" printed Ьу permission of the author, Felicity Sandford
[Link] 11-12
"Fоrечеr thеrе and not there" Frоm SHAKESPEARE. @ 2007 Ьу Bill Bryson. All rights reseryed. Reprinted Ьу
аrrапgеmепt with HarperCollins РuЫishеrs 22 - 23
@ "Тhе siege" А. Р. Watt Ltd оп behalf of Неlеп Dчпmоrе 28 - 29
@ "Emotional inteiligence" рriпtеd Ьу Mind Toois permission,
http ://[Link]/pages/article/ пеи,СDV_59.htгr З4 - З7
О "Do it" printed Ьу Mind Tools permission, [Link] /pagesl аrtiсlе/пеwСТ_О[Link]лr 42-43
О "Sister Wendy" printed Ьу permission of Telegraph Media Grоuр Limited 2009
[Link] /Sister-Wendy- BeckettDont-write-to-me-my-time-is-
fог-Gо[Link] 46-47
"Eden Park" О Сrаig Filley (ttTп,[Link]) 53 - 54
@ "Victorian telepresence today" printed Ьу регmissiоп of HumanProductivityLab,com 58 - 59
@ "Waste disposa1" рriпtеd Ьу permission of the аuthоr, Claire М. Stоrеу [Link]
waste-disposal, l |ЗЗ597 8 l 65 - 67
@ "Soiitude" printed Ьу permission of www.hеrmitаrу.соm 7i
@ "Unsolved рrоЬlеms of science" printed Ьу permission of ш,чwч.mооlf,соm 83-85
О "Have а nice triр!" шл"[Link].oгglwiki/guide_book 91- 92
@ "Land аrt" [Link] 98- 99
@ "Jane Eyre" [Link] 103 - 704
@"You'vegotaletter...fromthepast"[Link] 107-109

Photos:
@ ddp images / Vostock Photo / О0479852 74; @ ddp images / Vostock Photo / 00543628 79; @ Еlеапоr
Bentall/Corbis/[Link] 45;О Fotex/VostockPhoto/40008465 74;@ Fotolia/ [Link] 20,21
78,90,97 (6 фото), 100 (2 фото); О Interfoto / Фото ИТАР-ТАСС / PHOTAS 74;
(2 фото), 65 (3 фото),
О ФотоИТАР-ТАСС 27,48;@ PhotoXPress,ru 45,50,66,9З;@ Ullsteinbild/VostockPhoto/ опзоО47 74i
О РИА Новости 27 (3 фото); О Фотобанк Лори / Losevsky Pavel 74; О Фотобанк Лори / Анна Чуева 82;
О Фотобанк Лори / Бабенко fl,енис Юрьевич 17; О Фотобанк Лори / Васuлий Вишневский t7 (2 фото);
@-Фотобанк Лори / Виталий Едуш 52; @ Фотобанк Лори l Теорrий Марков 64; @ Фотобанк Лори / Марина
Грибок 70; @ Фотобанк Лори / Олыкайнен Наталъя 97; О Фотобанк Лори / Ольга Красавина 17

Учебное издание
О. Б. Дворецкая, Н. Ю. Казырбаева, И. В. Ларионова, Н. В. Новикова

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
READ UP! / Почитай!
Книга для чтения для 1'| класса общеобразовательных учреждений

Замдиректора по подготовке изданий С. В. Ширина

Редакторы: Аппа Samuels, О. А. Герасименко
Корректоры: Г.А. Киселева, Г. П. Мартыненко
Художники: Н. В. Китаева, А. Н. Мезрина
.Щизайн макета, верстка: Н. С. Вишенковой, Е. А. Подтуркиной
Художественный редактор Е. А. Валяева
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Уот. печ. л. 13.07. Усл. кр.-отт. 27 .06. T\tp. 2 000 экз. Зак. Ns З907.
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Отпечатано в полном соответствии с качеством предоставленных
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17ОО4О, г. Тверь, пр. 5Олет Октября,46. l}

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