Electronics JUMTC Question Set
1. You are given a motor and you can control it using a motor driver which has 2 input pins for
controlling the motors. These pins accept either High current (5V) or Low current (0V).
Pin 1 Pin2 Result
(a) High Low Motor Rotates Counter Clockwise
(b) Low High ______________________
(c) Low Low ______________________
(d) High High ______________________
Judging from Case (a), what happens in the rest of the cases? Explain with proper
reasoning.
2. Why is it recommended to add resistors to an LED while powering it? What does the resistor
do to protect the LED?
3. A battery is an electronic component that stores and discharges energy. A capacitor is also
an electronic component that stores energy and discharge when required. So why do we not
use capacitors and batteries interchangeably ?
4. Suppose you are building a robot using some 12 Volt motors and some 6 Volt motors. For
these motors to perform desirably we need to provide accurate voltages. How will you power
your robot using only one power source? You may provide multiple solutions if you choose
to.
5. Your Arduino-based robot is not responding to commands, even though the code has been
uploaded correctly. The power LED is on, but nothing happens. List at least five
troubleshooting steps you would take to diagnose the issue and get the system running.
6. State the advantages and disadvantages of using Arduino versus ESP32. Also state which
microcontroller is more suitable to make a wireless remote controlled robot with reasons?
7. Two most popular types of batteries used in projects are LiPo batteries and Li-ion batteries.
State their advantages and disadvantages. Which one is more suitable for using in a drone?
8. List a few types of sensors used in making a simple line follower bot?
9. What do you mean by Voltage, Current and Resistance? In a circuit which of the three is
dependent on the load applied.
10. You wish to know the number of rotations completed by a motor. What electronic
component can provide you with the required data?
11.In an Arduino Uno, certain pins have a ( ~ ) symbol, eg: pin 11, 10, 9, 6, 5, 3. These pins are
known as PWM pins. State briefly what is special about these pins from the other non-pwm
pins and how does pwm function.
12. This is a very popularly used motor driver (L298n). How many motors can be controlled
separately using this driver? Is it possible to control a 4 wheel robot using only 1 such driver
capable of moving forward and backward and being able to make turns? If yes then
how?(The motors are fixed to the chassis and cant be physically turned)
13. In a microcontroller the total number of available pins are limited. So for some projects
it's not possible to separately connect all components like sensors directly to the
microcontroller. To resolve such a problem what communication technologies can be
incorporated? Give brief descriptions of the communication protocols which can be used.
14. Write briefly about the differences between DC motors, Stepper Motors, Servo Motors.
Write the advantages and disadvantages between them.
15. Design a DC-DC step-down Buck Converter that will step down the voltage from 12 V to
5V. What thing is maintained when the voltage is stepped down or stepped up?
16. You are given two circuits: one runs at a high voltage (let’s say 18V) and a low voltage
(let’s say 5V) and they can’t have the same ground because of the huge voltage difference.
Now you have to transfer from the high voltage circuit to low voltage circuit, how will you do
it ? And also design a circuit showing how you will implement your idea.
