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Frequency Response Analysis and Compensators Design

The document discusses frequency response analysis and compensator design, focusing on the correlation between time and frequency responses, and various plotting techniques such as Bode, Polar, and Nyquist plots. It outlines methods for determining system stability and designing lag and lead compensators using frequency domain specifications. Key concepts include gain and phase margins, stability criteria, and the importance of corner frequencies in Bode plots.

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mrtony7007
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51 views4 pages

Frequency Response Analysis and Compensators Design

The document discusses frequency response analysis and compensator design, focusing on the correlation between time and frequency responses, and various plotting techniques such as Bode, Polar, and Nyquist plots. It outlines methods for determining system stability and designing lag and lead compensators using frequency domain specifications. Key concepts include gain and phase margins, stability criteria, and the importance of corner frequencies in Bode plots.

Uploaded by

mrtony7007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS AND COMPENSATORS DESIGN

(Time and frequency response correlation – Frequency domain specifications –


Polar plot – Bode plot – Nyquist plot – Stability in frequency domain – nyquist
stability criterion – design of lag and lead compensators using bode plot )

Time and frequency response correlation:

 Magnitude and phase relationship between the sinusoidal input & steady
state outputfrequency response
 For Time invariant system(system parameters doesn’t change for change in
time),frequency response independent of amplitude and phase of input
signal

BODE PLOT:

 log-magnitude and phase frequency response curves as functions of


log(omega) are called Bode plots or Bode diagrams
 Sketching Bode plots can be simplified because they can be approximated
as a sequence of straight lines.
 Straight-line approximations simplify the evaluation of the magnitude and
phase frequency response.
 Bode plotfrequency response graph(response depending on frequency)
 Magnitude plot(magnitude for frequency)
 Phase angle plot(phase angle for frequency)
 Check whether the given system is in standard form (1/(1+sT))
 If not make it in standard form
 Put s=jw
 To draw magnitude plot  need corner frequency
 (1/(1+sT)) here , w  corner frequency inversely proportional to T
 Hence corner frequency1/T
 Check the no of terms in system
 Draw a table with headings terms , corresponding corner
frequency,slope,change in slope
 Slope:
 If s^n /( jw )^n in numerator  slope=+20(n)
 If s^n in denominator  slope=-20(n)
 After completing table
 Choose 2 frequencies w l(lower than w c1) and w h(higher than w c2)
 Find magnitude for all omegas

 Phase angle plot
 For (1/s^n) angle=-90(n)
 For (s^n) angle=90(n)
 For ((1+jwT))tan^-1(b/a)
 For (1/(1+jwT))-tan^-1(b/a)
 Gain crossover frequency frequency at which the magnitude plot
crosses 0 db line
 Phase crossover frequencyfrequency at which the phase plot
crosses the -180 degree
 Gain margindifference between the gain at phase crossover
frequency and 0 db
 Phase marginsum of the phase angle at gain crossover frequency
and 180 degree
 Stableboth gain margin and phase margin+ve &
Gain crossover frequency < Phase crossover frequency
 Marginally Stableboth gain margin and phase margin0 &
Gain crossover frequency = Phase crossover frequency
 unstableeither gain margin / phase margin-ve
Gain crossover frequency > Phase crossover frequency
POLAR PLOT:

 graph between magnitude of G(jw) and phase angle of G(jw)


 question G(s)
 convert G(s) into G(jw)
 where w varies from 0 to infinity
 typepower of s term in denominator
o 1/s(1+sT)type=1
o 1/(1+sT)type=0
 Ordermaximum power of s in denominator
 Find magnitude and phase angle with w=0 and infinity
 Mark the starting and ending in graph
 Rotate the plot by( phase angle at w=infinity – phase angle at w=0 )
 Phase margin = 180 degree + phi gc
 Phi gc angle at which the the polar plot cuts the unity circle
 Gain margin = 1/ the point on the gain line where the polar plot cuts

NYQUIST PLOT:

 find stability of a closed loop system from open loop system


 stability of open loop system:
 polesLHS stable
 polesRHSunstable
 Polesimaginary axis marginally stable
 Draw a plot on GH plane
 Using s – plane plot GH – plane by using nyquist contour
 Nyquit plotextention of polar plot
 Check whether the given equation is in standard form(1/(1+(sT)))
 Replace s by jw
 Determine magnitude and phase angle

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