WEEK 1
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE)
Settings- Options - Add ins - Go - ok
Steps: Numbers vary depending on the given data.
1. Column A: Student No. N=100
Column B: Scores
2. =randbetween (50,100)
3. Ctrl a, ctrl v — Sheet 1
4. Ctrl alt v to sheet 2 — values
5. Sheet 2 =sum (b2:b101)
6. 100(N)under sum
7. To check average, which is equal to sum (c1/c2)
8. Copy column B, paste to column G
9. Highlight G, then arrange to A-Z
10.Find Mean,: =Average (b2:b101)
11.Find median: =Median(b2:b101)
12.Find Mode: =[Link](b2:b101)
WEEK 2
MEASURES OF VARIATION
Frequency Distribution Table
Ex.
Sex Frequency %
Male
Female
Steps: Numbers vary depending on the given data.
1. Column A: Student No. N=100
Column B: Scores 75,100
2. =RANDBETWEEN (75,100)
3. Add column (C,sex) 1=Male, 2= Female
=RANDBETWEEN (1,2)
4. Add column (D,religion) 1=Catholic, 2=B.A., 3=INC, 4= JW
=RANDBETWEEN (1,4)
5. Ctrl a, cntrl v Sheet 1
6. Ctrl alt v to sheet 2 — values
7. Highlight column sex, ctrl H, find what: 1 Replace with:Male then Replace All
Male = 59
8. Highlight column sex, ctrl H, find what: 2 Replace with:Female then Replace All
Female = 41
9. Do the same thing in Religion
1 Catholic-23
2 Born Again- 26
3 INC - 19
4 JW - 36
10.Find Measures of Variation
only works in quantitative
In this example, Quantitative - Score while Qualitative - Religion
Scores Values
Minimum =MINIMUM (b2:b101)
75
Maximum =MAXIMUM (b2:b101)
100
Range Subtract maximum-minimum
=H3-H2
25
11.Frequency Distribution Table in Sex
Sex Frequency %
Male =COUNTIF(range=sex, =59/100
criteria=click Male in this =.59
table) Turn into percentage
=COUNTIF(C2:C101,G8) 59%
59
Female =COUNTIF(range=sex, =41/100
criteria=click Female in this =.41
table) Turn into percentage
=COUNTIF(C2:C101,G10)
41 41%
Total =SUM(highlight male,female) =100/100
100 =1
Turn into percentage
100%
Remember: COUNTIF counts cells in a range that meet a single criterion, while COUNTIFS
counts cells that meet multiple criteria, potentially across different ranges.
12.Frequency Distribution Table in Religion
Religion Frequency %
Catholic =COUNTIF(range=religion, =22/100
criteria=click Catholic in this table) =.22
=COUNTIF(D2:D101,G14) Turn into percentage
22 22%
Born Again =COUNTIF(range=religion,
criteria=click Born Again in this table)
=COUNTIF(D2:D101,G15)
25
INC =COUNTIF(range=religion,
criteria=click INC in this table)
=COUNTIF(D2:D101,G16)
18
JW =COUNTIF(range=religion,
criteria=click JW in this table)
=COUNTIF(D2:D101,G17)
34
Total =SUM(highlight Catholic, Born Again,
INC, JW)
100
Note: Fn + F4 in order to lock column
WEEK 3
CUMULATIVE TABLE/PIVOT TABLE
Steps: Numbers vary depending on the given data.
1. File- Options - Ad ins - Go - Okay - AnalysisToolPak
2. Example:
LL and UL
use any intervals (by 5,10,20…)
LL Lower Limit UL Upper Limit Frequency Percentage
Scores: = RANDBETWEEN 75(LL),100(UL) =COUNTIFS(choose fx) =Frequency/N
Criteria Range1: Column B
75 80 Criteria 1: >=LL
Criteria Range2: Column B
Criteria 2: <=UL
Note: The interval of 75-80 is 5.
Yung next na LL should be the next no. of the
first UL. Then proceed na ulit sa 5 intervals
81 85
86 90
91 95
96 100
Note: Hindi dapat lalagpas yung LL sa given
na UL(100)
3. Click Data analysis (Select all frequency)
4. Select Histogram
● Input Range (B:B or Column B)
● Bin Range (Upper Limit - Select All)
● ✓ Labels
● Output Range (Select random box)
● ✓ three boxes sa baba
○ Pareto
○ Cumulative Percentage
○ Chart Output
● Ok
5. Copy sheet 2 (From respondents to variable only)
6. Paste to sheet 3
7. Select A1—Insert —Pivot Table
Range: Select All
Existing Worksheet —select random box—ok
8. Drag Exercise(Yes/No) to ROW 1x
9. Drag Exercise(Yes/No) to VALUES 2x
● Dulo —Value Field Setting
● Show Valued As—% of Grand Total
10.Drag Variables to ROW 1x
11.Drag Variables to VALUES 2x
● Dulo —Value Field Setting
● Show Valued As—Percentage of Grand Total
12.Change Data names into Frequency and Percentage
Dulo —Value Field Setting—Edit name
13.Go to Sheet 2
14.Data analysis —Descriptive Statistics —Ok
● Input Range: B:B
● ✓ Label
● ✓ Summary Statistics
● Output Range: Choose random box
WEEK 4
SPSS HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Statement of the Problem Statistics Used Description
Significant Difference Possible statistics Test of Difference Decision: If the
T test Computed Alpha is Greater than
ANOVA 0.05, the research will Accept
Mann-Whitney the Null Hypothesis.
(CDiffAlpha > 0.05, Accept Ho)
Significant Relationship Regression Analysis Test of Relationship Decision: If
Pearson's R the Computed Alpha is Greater
Spearman Rho than 0.05, the research will
Accept the Null Hypothesis)
relationship is made by chance.
(CRelAlpha > 0.05. Accept Ho)
R Value:
0.10-0.20 - Weak Correlation
0.30-0.59 - Moderate Correlation
0.-60-0.99 - Strong Correlation
1.00 - Perfect Correlation
Normal Distribution
Use the following;
● T test - 2 groups to compare
■ One sample
■ Paired - used to;
● Comparison of Before and After
● Evaluation of results
● Respondents of pre and post tests should be the same
○ Usual example; pre test - low score, post test - increased
score
■ Independent
● ANOVA - 3 or more groups to compare
● Pearson's R
Not Normal Distribution
Use the following;
● Mann-Whitney
● Regression Analysis
● Spearman Rho
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis (Ho) - There is no…
Alternative Hypothesis (H1)- There is a…
Steps: Numbers vary depending on the given data.
1. Encode your data in Excel - Ctrl C
2. Open SPSS
a. Variable View
b. Data View
3. Ctrl V, except names. Data only.
4. Click Value Labels (similar to ctrl H)
● Variable View of Sex —Change
1 = Male
2 = Female
5. PAIRED SAMPLE T TEST
Variable View
Change Respondents, sex to NOMINAL
Change pre and post test to SCALE
6. Data View
Analyze - Compare Means - Paired Sample T test
7. Pair 1 — Encode — OK
Pretest - Variable 1
Post Test - Variable 2
8. Table —Analyze
Paired Sample Statistics/Descriptive
Computed Alpha/Sig two tailed
9. Add Conclusion — must include the following;
P Value - 0.05
● Less than or equal - reject Ho
● Greater than - fail to reject Ho
Type
Respondents
Numerical Results
Implications/ Recommendations of Researchers
= Turn into paragraph form
10.INDEPENDENCE SAMPLE T TEST
Analyze Button - Compared Means - Independent Sample T test
Test Variable - Input Post test
Grouping Variable - Input sex
11.Define groups — Group 1 - 1, Group 2 - 2 — OK
12.Analyze Results
Levene's Test for Equality / Test of Normality
Greater than 0.05 - equal variances assumed
Lower than 0.05 - equal variances not assumed
13.Add Conclusion.
