Tutorial 9

Title : Examples on compound , allied Multiples and submultiple angles .

Example 1 : Without using calculator, Find the value of
1) sin 15 2) cos 75 3) tan 75

solution : 1) As 15 = 45 − 30

 sin 15 = sin (45 − 30)
sin (A + B) = sin A  cos B + cos A  sin B

= sin 45  cos 30 − cos 45  sin 30

1
sin 45 = cos 45 =
1 3
 2  −   2
1 1 2
= 
 2   2 
sin 30 =  cos 30 =
1 3
2 2

3 1 3−1
= − =
2 2 2 2 2 2
3−1
 sin 15 =
2 2
2) As 75 = 45 + 30
 cos 75 = cos (45 + 30) cos (A + B) = cos A  cos B − sin A  sin B

= cos 45  cos 30 − sin 45  sin 30

1 3
 2  −   2
1 1
= 
 2   2 
3 1 3−1
= − =
2 2 2 2 2 2
3−1
 cos 75 =
2 2
3) As 75 = 45 + 30
tan A + tan B
 tan 75 = tan (45 + 30) tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A  tan B
tan 45 + tan 30
=
1 − tan 45  tan 30
1 + 1/ 3 tan 45 = 1
=
1 − 1/ 3 tan 30 = 1/ 3

3+1
3 3+1
= =
3−1 3−1
3
3+1
 tan 75 =
3−1
 Example 2 : Prove that : sin   cos ( − ) + cos   sin ( − ) = sin 

Solution : Consider,
L.H.S. = sin   cos ( − ) + cos   sin ( − )
Put  = A and  −  = B
= sin A  cos B + cos A sin B
= sin (A + B) = sin ( +  − ) = sin 
= R.H.S.
sin   cos ( − ) + cos   sin ( − ) = sin 
tan 66 + tan 69
Example 3 : Evaluate :
1 − tan 66  tan 69
solution :We know that
tan A + tan B
= tan (A + B)
1 − tan A  tan B
tan 66 + tan 69
 = tan (66 + 69) = tan (135)
1 − tan 66  tan 69
= tan (90 + 45)  135 = 90 + 45
= − cot 45 tan (90 + ) = − cot 
= −1  cot 45 = 1
tan 66 + tan 69
 = −1
1 − tan 66  tan 69

Example 4 : Prove that : sin (A + B) sin (A – B) = sin2 A – sin2 B

Solution : sin (A + B) sin (A – B)

= (sin A cos B + cos A sin B)(sin A cos B – cos A sin B)

= sin2 A cos2 B – cos2A sin2 B
= sin2 A (1 – sin2 B) – (1– sin2 A) sin2 B
= sin2A – sin2A sin2 B – sin2 B + sin2A sin2 B
= sin2A – sin2B
sin (A + B)  sin (A – B) = sin2 A – sin2 B
cos 21 − sin 21
Example 5.: Prove that = tan 24
cos 21 + sin 21
cos 21 − sin 21
L.H.S. =
cos 21 + sin 21
Divide Numerator and Denominator by cos 21
cos 21 sin 21
−
cos 21 cos 21 sin 
= = tan 
cos 21 sin 21 cos 
+
cos 21 cos 21
 1 − tan 21 1 − tan 21
= =
1 + tan 21 1 + 1  tan 21
tan 45 − tan 21
= tan 45 = 1
1 + tan 45  tan 21
tan A − tan B
1 + tan A tan B = tan (A − B)

 = tan (45 − 21)

= tan 24 = R.H.S.
cos 21 − sin 21
= tan 24
cos 21 + sin 21
3 8
Example 5 : If tan (x + y) = and tan (x − y) = then show that
4 15
77
tan 2x =
36

Solution :

As 2x = (x + y) + (x − y)
Consider L.H.S. = tan 2x = tan[(x + y) + (x − y)]
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A tan B

tan (x + y) + tan (x − y)
=
1 − tan (x + y)  tan (x − y)
3 8 3 8
+ +
4 15 4 15
= 3 8 = 24
1 − 4  15 1 − 60
45 + 32
60 77
= = 36
60 − 24
60
= R.H.S.
77
tan 2x =
36


Example 7 : If A + B = Show that (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2
4

Solution : Given A + B =
4
Taking tangent on both sides, we get

tan (A + B) = tan 4

tan A + tan B tan A + tan B

 =1 tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A  tan B 1 − tan A tan B
 
 tan A + tan B = 1 − tan A  tan B tan 4 = tan 45 = 1

 tan A + tan B + tan A  tan B = 1

Adding 1 on both sides, we get
 1 + tan A + tan B + tan A  tan B = 1 + 1
 1(1 + tan A) + tan B(1 + tan A) = 2
 (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B)= 2
5 1 
Example 8 : If tan x = and tan y = , Show that x + y = radians
6 11 4
Solution : We know that
tan x + tan y
tan (x + y) =
1 − tan x  tan y
5 1 5 1
+
6 11 6 + 11
= =
5 1 5
1−  1−
6 11 66
55 + 6
66 61 / 66
= =
66 − 5 61 / 66
66
tan (x + y) = 1
x + y = tan−1(1)
x + y = 45

x+y =
4
Example 9 : In any triangle ABC, Prove that
tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A  tan B  tan C

Solution : In any ABC

 A + B + C = 180
 A + B = 180 − C
Taking tangent on both sides we get
tan (A + B) = tan (180 − C)
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A  tan B
tan A + tan B
 = − tan C tan (180 − C) = − tan C
1 − tan A tan B
tan A + tan B = − tan C(1 − tan A  tan B)
 tan A + tan B = − tan C + tan A  tan B  tan C
 tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A  tan B  tan C
 Example 10 : Prove that tan 70 − tan 50 − tan 20 = tan 70  tan 50  tan 20
Solution : We have
 70 = 20 + 50
Taking tangent on both sides, we get
tan A + tan B
tan 70 = tan (20 + 50) tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A  tan B
tan 20 + tan 50
 tan 70 =
1 − tan 20  tan 50
On cross multiplication, we get
 tan 70 (1 − tan 20  tan 50) = tan 20 + tan 50
 tan 70 − tan 20  tan 50  tan 70 = tan 20 + tan 50
 tan 70 − tan 20 − tan 50 = tan 20  tan 50  tan 70

sin (A − B) sin (B − C) sin (C − A)

Example 11: Prove that + + =0
cos A  cos B cos B  cos C cos C  cos A

Solution : We have
sin (A − B) sin A  cos B − cos A sin B
=
cos A  cos B cos A  cos B
sin A  cos B cos A  sin B
= −
cos A  cos B cos A  cos B
sin A sin B sin 
= − = tan 
cos A cos B cos 
= tan A − tan B ... (1)
sin (B − C)
Similarly = tan B − tan C ... (2)
cos B  cos C
sin (C − A)
and = tan C − tan A ... (3)
cos C  cos A
sin (A − B) sin (B − C) sin (C − A)
L.H.S. = + +
cos A  cos B cos B  cos C cos C  cos A
= tan A − tan B + tan B − tan C + tan C − tan A
[By (1), (2), (3)]
= 0 = R.H.S.
sin (A − B) sin (B − C) sin (C − A)
+ + =0
cos A  cos B cos B  cos C cos C  cos A


–5 −7
Example 12 : If sin  = , cos  = and ,  lies in the third quadrant. Find sin (
13 25
− )
Solution :
 −5 −7
Given : sin  = cos  =
13 25

12 24
cos  = sin  =
13 25
  is the third quadrant. cos  is negative.
 is the third quadrant. sin  is negative.
− 12 − 24
cos  = sin  =
13 25

sin ( − ) = sin   cos  − cos   sin 

−5 −7 − 12 − 24
=  13    25  −  13    25 
       
35 288 35 − 288
= 325 − 325 = 325

− 253
sin ( − ) =
325
–3 20
Example 13 : If cos A = , sin B = , where A and B are the angles in the third and
5 29
second quadrant respectively, Find tan (A + B)
Solution :

−3 20
Given : cos A = sin B =
5 29

4 20
tan A = tan B =
3 21
As A is the third quadrant, tan A is positive and B is in the second quadrant, tan B is negative.
4 − 20
tan A = tan B =
3 21
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A  tan B
 4 − 20 4 20
+ –
3  21  3 21
= =
4 − 20
1 – 3  21 
80
1+
  63
84 − 60
63
= 63 + 80
63
24
tan (A + B) = 143 OR 0.168
24
 tan (A + B) =
143

5
Example 14 : If A and B both obtuse angles and sin A = and
13
−4
cos B = . Then find sin (A + B) and the quadrant of angle A + B.
5

Solution :

5 −4
Given : sin A = cos B =
13 5

12 3
cos A = sin B =
13 5

 A and B are obtuse. (More than 90 and less than 180) A is the second quadrant, cos A is negative. B
is the second quadrant, sin B is positive.
− 12 3
cos A = sin B =
13 5

 sin (A + B) = sin A  cos B + cos A  sin B

5 − 4 − 12 3
= 13  5 + 13  5

− 20 36 − 20 − 36
= 65 − 65 = 65
− 56
 sin (A + B) = < 0
65
cos (A + B) = cos A  cos B − sin A  sin B
− 12 − 4 5 3 48 15
= 13  5 − 13  5 = 65 − 65
 33
 cos (A + B) = > 0
65
Since sin (A + B) is negative and cos (A + B) is positive. This is possible only in 4th quadrant. Thus
A + B lies in fourth quadrant.
Example 15 Without using calculator , find the value of
a) Sin 1500 . + cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600
b) cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900)
solution : a) Sin 1500 . + cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600
we can find the value of each term separately
 1
Sin 1500 = sin(1x900 +600 ) = sin (1 + 60) = cos600 =
2 2
 1
cos3000 = cos(4x900 - 600) = cos (4 + 60) = cos (2  + 60 ) = cos600 =
2 2

tan3150 = tan(4x900 - 450) = tan (4 − 450 ) = tan (2𝜋 - 450 )= -tan45 = -1
2

sec36600 = sec(40x900+600) = sec (40 + 60 0 ) = tan (20𝜋 + 60) = sec600 = 2
2
1 1
 Sin 1500 . + cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600 = + − ( −1) + .(2) 2
2 2
= 1 +1 + 4 = 6
0 0 0 2 0
Sin 150 . + cos300 – tan315 +sec 3660 = 6

b) cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900)

we can find the value of each term separately
3
cos5700 = cos (6 x 900+300) = - cos300 = -
2
1
sin5100 = sin(6x900-300) = sin300 =
2
1
sin(-3300) = - sin3300 = - sin (4x900-300) = - ( - sin300 ) =
2
3
Cos(-3900) = Cos(3900) = cos (4x900+300) = cos300 =
2
   
cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900) =  − 3  1  +  1  3 
 2  2   1  2 
   
3 3
= − + = 0
4 4
cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900) = 0

Example 16 if sinA = 0.4 find sin3A

SOLUTION : given that
sinA = 0.4

we have sin3A = 3sinA – 4sin3A

= 3 (0.4) - 4(0.4)3
 = 1.2 - 4(0.064)
= 1.2-0.256
= 0.944
sin3A = 0.944
A
Example 17 Find tanA , IF tan = 0.6
2
Solution we have by half angle formula
A
2 tan
 tan A = 2 tan 2 A =
tan 2 A
A 1 − tan 2 A
1 − tan 2
2
2(0.6) 1.2 1.2 15
 tan A = = = =
1 − (0.6) 2 1 − 0.36 0.64 8
 tan A =
15
8

1 1
Example 18 : If tan A = , tan B = evaluate tan (2A + B)
2 3

1 1
Solution : Given tan A = , tan B =
2 3
tan 2A + tan B
Now tan (2A + B) =
1 − tan 2A  tan B
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) =
1 − tan A  tan B
2 tan A
+ tan B
1 − tan2A 2 tan A
= tan 2A =
1 − tan2A
1−
2 tan A 
 tan B
1 − tan2A
1 1
Put tan A = 2 and tan B = 3

2(1/2) 1 1 1
2+ +
1 − (1/2) 3 1 − 1/4 3
= 2(1/2) 1 =
1−  1 1
2 1 −
1 − (1/2) 3 1 − 1/4 3
1 1
3/4 + 3 4/3 + 1/3 5/3 5 9 9
= = =  = =3
1 − 4/9 5/9 3 5 3
1 − 3/4  3
1 1
 
 tan (2A + B) = 3

sin 4 + sin 2
Example19 : Prove that : = tan 2
1 + cos 2 + cos 4
 sin 4 + sin 2
Solution : Consider L.H.S. =
1 + cos 2 + cos 4
sin 4 = 2 sin 2  cos 2 1 + cos 4 = 2 cos2 2
2 sin 2  cos 2 + sin 2
L.H.S. =
2 cos2 2 + cos 2
Taking sin 2 common in numerator and cos 2 in denominator
sin 2 (2 cos 2 + 1)
=
cos 2 (2 cos 2 + 1)
sin 2 sin 
=  = tan 
cos 2 cos 
= tan 2 = R.H.S.
sin 4 + sin 2
= tan 2
1 + cos 2 + cos 4
cos 3 sin 3
Example 20 : Prove that + = 4 cos 2
cos  sin 

Solution :

cos 3 sin 3
L.H.S. = + cos 3 = 4 cos3 − 3 cos 
cos  sin 
sin 3 = 3 sin  − 4 sin3
4 cos3 − 3 cos  3 sin  − 4 sin 3
= +
cos  sin 
cos  (4 cos2 − 3) sin  (3 − 4 sin2)
= +
cos  sin 
= (4 cos2 − 3) + (3 − 4 sin2)
= 4 cos2 − 3 + 3 − 4 sin2
= 4 cos2 − 4 sin2
= 4 (cos2 − sin2) cos 2 = cos2 − sin2

= 4 cos 2
= R.H.S.
cos 3 sin 3
 + = 4 cos 2
cos  sin 

Example 21 Prove that 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 8 = 2 cos

Solution : LHS = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 8

= 2 + 2 + 2(1 + cos 8

= 2 + 2 + 2  2 cos2 4

= 2 + 2 + 4 cos2 4
 = 2 + 2 + (2 cos 4 ) 2

= 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4
= 2 + 2(1 + cos 4 )

= 2 + 2  2 cos 2 2

= 2 + 4 cos 2 2
= 2 + (2 cos 2 ) 2
= 2 + 2 cos 2

= 2(1 + cos 2 )
= 2  2 cos 2  )
= 4 cos 2  )
2
= (2 cos  )
= 2 cos = RHS
1
Example 22 Prove that sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A) = sin 3 A
4
Solution LHS = sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A)
= sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A)
= sin A.(sin 60 cos A − cos 60 sin A)(sin 60 cos A + cos 60 sin A)
 3 1  3 1 
= sin A cos A − sin A cos A + sin A
 2 2  2 2 
 3 2
  3  
2

= sin A cos A  −  cos A   (a − b)(a + b) = a 2 − b 2

 2   2  
 3 cos2 A sin 2 A 
= sin A − 
 4 4 
 3 cos2 A − sin 2 A 
= sin A 
 4 
 3(1 − sin 2 A) − sin 2 A 
= sin A 
 4 
 3 − 3 sin 2 A − sin 2 A 
= sin A 
 4 
 3 − 4 sin 2 A 
= sin A 
 4 
  3 sin A − 4 sin 3 A 
=   sin3A = 3sinA - 4 sin 3A
 4 
 sin 3 A 
=   = RHS
 4 
1
 sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A) = sin 3 A
4

1 + sin  − cos 
Example 23 : Prove that = tan /2
1 + sin  + cos 

1 + sin  − cos 
Solution : L.H.S. =
1 + sin  + cos 
Rearranging the term
1 − cos  + sin 
= sin  = 2 sin /2  cos /2
1 + cos  + sin 
1 − cos  = 2 sin2/2

1 + cos  = 2 cos2/2
2 sin2/2 + 2 sin /2  cos /2
=
2 cos2/2 + 2 sin /2  cos /2
Taking sin /2 common in numerator and cos /2 in denominator
2 sin /2 [sin /2 + cos /2]
=
2 cos /2 [cos /2 + sin /2]
sin /2 sin 
= = tan 
cos /2 cos 

= tan = R.H.S.
2
1 + sin  − cos  
 = tan
1 + sin  + cos  2
 Tutorial no 10
Title : Examples on factorization and DE factorization formulae
Example1 Express the following as sum or difference of trigonometric functions :
1) 2 sin 70 cos 30 2) 2 cos 75 cos 15
2 3
3) cos 7 cos 7 4 ) 4 cos 30  sin 20

Solution : 1) 2 sin 70 cos 30

2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A − B)

= sin (70 + 30) + sin (70 − 30)
= sin (100) + sin (40)
 2 sin 70 cos 30 = sin 100 + sin 40
2) 2 cos 75 cos 15

2 cos A  cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A − B)

= cos (75 + 15) + cos (75 − 15)
= cos (90) + cos (60)
1 1
= 0+2 =2
1
 2 cos 75  cos 15 =
2

3) cos  7  cos 
2 3 
   7 
Multiply and divide by 2
1 2 3
= 2 2 cos 7  cos 7 
 

2 cos A  cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A − B)

= 2 cos  7 + 7  + cos  7 − 7 
1 2 3 2 3 
    
− 
= 2 cos  7  + cos  7 
1 5
cos(− ) = cos 
    
 
= cos   − cos  
1 5
2 7  7 
 
cos 
2
− cos   = cos   − cos  
3 1 5
 
7  
7 2   
7  7 
4) 4 cos 30  sin 20

= 2(2 cos 30 sin 20)

2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) − sin (A − B)
= 2{ sin (30 + 20) − sin (30 − 20)}
= 2{ sin (50) − sin 10}
 4 cos 30 sin 20 = 2 [sin 50 − sin 10]
 Examples 2 : Express into product form and evaluate.
1) sin 100 + sin 50 2) sin 80 – cos 70
7 6
3) cos 40 − cos (− 10) 4 ) cos 13 + cos 13

5) sin 99 − sin 81

Solution : 1) sin 100 + sin 50

C − D
sin C + sin D = 2 sin  cos 
C + D
 2   2 
100 − 50
= 2 sin  cos 
100 + 50
 2   2 
= 2 sin   cos  
150 50
 2  2
= 2 sin 75  cos 25
= 2 cos (65)  sin 15
2) sin 80 − cos 70 = sin 80 – cos (90 − 20)

cos (90 − ) = sin 

= sin 80 − sin 20
C−D
sin C − sin D = 2 cos  2  sin  2 
C+D
   

= 2 cos 
80 + 20 80 − 20
 2   sin  2 

= 2 cos  2  sin  2 
100 60
   
= 2 cos 50  sin 30
3) cos 40 − cos (− 10) =cos 40 − cos 10 cos (− ) = cos 

D−C
cos C − cos D = 2 sin  2  sin  2 
C+D
   
10 − 40
= 2 sin 
40 + 10
sin 
 2  
2 
− 30
= 2 sin  2  sin  2 
50
   
= 2 sin 25  sin (− 15)
7 6
4) cos + cos
13 13

C − D
cos C + cos D = 2 cos  cos 
C + D
 2   2 
7 + 6 7 − 6
13 13 13 13
= 2 cos 2  cos 2
 13 
 13  13
= 2 cos  2  cos  2 
   
  
= 2 cos 2 cos 26 cos 2 = 0
     

= 2  0  cos   = 0
26

5): sin 99 − sin 81

We use factorization formula,

C−D
sin C − sin D = 2 cos  2  sin  2 
C+D
   
sin 99 − sin 81 = 2 cos 
99 + 81
sin 99 − 81
 2   2 
= 2 cos 
180 18
 2  sin  2 
= 2 cos (90)  sin (9)  cos 90 = 0
= 2  (0)  sin 9
sin 99 − sin 81 = 0

Example 3 : If 2 cos 60 cos 10 = cos A + cos B, then find A and B.

Solution : Given : 2 cos 60  cos 10 = cos A + cos B … (1)

On L.H.S. by defactorization formula, we have
2 cos A  cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A − B)
2 cos 60  cos 10 = cos (60 + 10) + cos (60 − 10)
Equation (1) becomes
cos (60 + 10) + cos (60 − 10) = cos A + cos B
cos (70) + cos (50) = cos A + cos B
On equating the terms on both sides
cos A = cos 70 and cos B = cos (50)
 A = 70  B = 50

Example 4 : If 2 sin 40 cos 10 = sin A + sin B, then find A and B.

Solution :Given : 2 sin 40  cos 10 = sin A + sin B … (1)

On L.H.S. by defactorization formula, we have
2 sin A  cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A − B)
2 sin 40  cos 10 = sin (40 + 10) + sin (40 − 10)
Equation (1) becomes
 sin (40 + 10) + sin (40 − 10) = sin A + sin B
 sin 50 + sin 30 = sin A + sin B
 On equating the term on both sides
sin A = sin 50 and sin B = sin 30
 A = 50 B = 30

B =50
Example 5 : Find  and  if sin 80 + sin 50 = 2 sin  cos 

Solution : Given : sin 80 + sin 50 = 2 sin  cos  … (1)

On L.H.S. by factorization formula, we have
C − D
sin C + sin D = 2 sin  cos 
C + D
 2   2 
Equation (1) becomes
80 − 50
2 sin 
80 + 50
 cos  = 2 sin   cos 
 2   2 

2 sin  2   cos  2  = 2 sin   cos 

130 30
   
2 sin 65  cos 15 = 2 sin   cos 
On equating the terms on both sides,
sin  = sin 65 and cos  = cos 15
  = 65   = 15
sin 4 − sin 2
Example 6 : Prove that = tan
cos 4 + cos 2
sin 4 − sin 2
solution ; L.H .S =
cos 4 + cos 2
 4 + 2   4 − 2 
2 cos  sin  
=  2   2 
 4 + 2   4 − 2 
2 cos  cos 
 2   2 
 6   2 
2 cos  sin  
=  2   2 
 6   2 
2 cos  cos 
 2   2 
 6   2 
2 cos  sin  
=  2   2 
 6   2 
2 cos  cos 
 2   2 
2 cos(3 )sin ( )
=
2 cos(3 )cos( )
sin ( )
=
cos( )
= tan  = RHS
 sin 4 − sin 2
 = tan
cos 4 + cos 2

sin 8 + sin 2
Example 7: Prove that : = tan 5
cos 8 + cos 2
The problem based on factorization formula,
Solution :
sin 8 + sin 2
L.H.S. =
cos 8 + cos 2

C + D C − D
sin C + sin D = 2 sin  2   cos  2 
   
8 − 2
2 sin  2   cos  2 
8 + 2
   
=
2 cos 
8 + 2 8 − 2
 2   cos  2 
C + D C − D
cos C + cos D = 2 cos  2   cos  2 
   

2 sin  2   cos  2 
10 6
   
=
2 cos  2  cos  2 
10 6
   
2 sin 5  cos 3 sin 5 sin 
= = … = tan 
2 cos 5  cos 3 cos 5 cos 

sin 4A + sin 5A + sin 6A

Example 8 : Prove that cos 4A + cos 5A + cos 6A = tan 5A.

Solution : The problem based on factorization formula.

sin 4A + sin 5A + sin 6A
L.H.S. = cos 4A + cos 5A + cos 6A

Rearranging the term’s

sin 4A + sin 6A + sin 5A
=
cos 4A + cos 6A + cos 5A

C + D C − D
sin C + sin D = 2 sin  2  cos  2 
   
 C + D  C − D
cos C + cos D = 2 cos  2  cos  2 
   

4A − 6A
2 sin  2  cos  2  + sin 5A
4A + 6A
   
=
4A − 6A
2 cos  2 cos  2  + cos 5A
4A + 6A
   
 − 2A
2 sin  2  cos  2  + sin 5A
10A
   
=
−
2 cos  2  cos  2  + cos 5A
10A 2A
   
2 sin 5A  cos (− A) + sin 5A
=
2 cos 5A cos (− A) + cos 5A
Taking sin 5A common from numerator and cos 5A common from Denominator.
sin 5A (2 cos A + 1)
=  cos (− ) = cos 
cos 5A (2 cos A + 1)
sin 5A
= cos 5A

sin 
= tan 5A = tan 
cos 
= R.H.S.
sin 4A + sin 5A + sin 6A
= tan 5A
cos 4A + cos 5A + cos 6A

𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟕 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟗 : 𝑷𝒓 𝒐 𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑 𝒙
sin 7 x + sin x
solution LHS =
cos 5 x − cos 3x

 7x + x   7x − x 
2 sin   cos 
=  2   2 
 5 x + 3x   5 x − 3x 
− 2 sin   sin  
 2   2 
 8x   6x 
2 sin   cos 
=  2   2 
 8x   2 x 
− 2 sin   sin  
 2   2 
2 sin (4 x )cos(3x )
=
− 2 sin (4 x )sin (x )
cos(3x )
=
− sin (x )
 cos(2 x + x )
= − 
 sin (x ) 
 cos 2 x. cos x − sin 2 x.sin x 
= − 
 sin (x ) 
 cos 2 x. cos x sin 2 x.sin x 
= − −
 sin x sin x 
  cos 2 x cos x sin x 
= − − sin 2 x 
 sin x sin x 
= − cos 2 x. cot x − sin 2 x
= sin 2 x − cos 2 x. cot 2 x
sin 7 x + sin x
 = sin 2 x − cos 2 x. cot x
cos 5 x − cos 3x
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝑨+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝑨+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝑨 𝟓𝑨
𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟏𝟎 ∶ 𝑷𝒓 𝒐 𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝑨+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝑨+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝑨+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝑨 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( 𝟐 )
sin A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A + sin 4 A
Solution LHS =
cos A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A + cos 5 A
sin A + sin 4 A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A
=
cos A + cos 4 A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A
 A + 4A   A − 4A   2 A + 3A   2 A − 3A 
2 sin   cos  + 2 sin   cos 
=  2   2   2   2 
 A + 4 A   A − 4 A   2 A + 3 A   2 A − 3 A 
2 cos  cos  + 2 cos  cos 
 2   2   2   2 
 5A   − 3A   5A   − A 
2 sin   cos  + 2 sin   cos 
=  2   2   2   2 
 5A   − 3A   5A   − A 
2 cos  cos  + 2 cos  cos 
 2   2   2   2 
 5 A   3 A   A 
2 sin  cos  + cos 
 2   2   2 
=
 5 A   3 A   A 
2 cos cos  + cos 
 2   2   2 
 5A 
2 sin  
=  2 
 5A 
2 cos 
 2 
 5A 
sin  
=  2  = tan  5 A 
 
 5A   2 
cos 
 2 
sin A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A + sin 4 A  5A 
 = tan 
cos A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A + cos 5 A  2 
𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝟏𝟏 𝑾𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒈 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝟑
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝟎 . 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒 𝟎 . 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔 𝟎𝟎 , 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟖 𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟔
𝟎 𝟎

Solution : LHS = sin 20 0. sin 40 0. sin 60 0 , sin 80 0

3
= sin 200.sin 400. , sin 800
2
 3
= sin 200.sin 400.sin 800
2

=
3 1
2 2

 2 sin 200.sin 400 sin 800
=
4
3

cos(200 − 400 ) − cos(200 + 400 ) sin 800 
=
4
3
 
cos(−200 ) − cos(600 ) sin 800

=
4
3
 
cos(200 ) − cos(600 ) sin 800

=
4
3

cos(200 ) sin 800 − cos(600 ) sin 800 
3 1 
= cos(200 ) sin 800 − sin 800 
4  2 
3 1 1 
=  2 cos(200 ) sin 800 −2  sin 800 
4 2 2 

=
8
3

2 cos(200 ) sin 800 − sin 800 
=
8
3

sin( 200 + 800 ) − sin( 200 − 800 ) − sin 800 
=
8
3

sin(1000 ) − sin( −600 ) − sin 800 
=
8
3

sin(1000 ) + sin( 600 ) − sin 800 
=
8
3

sin( 2  900 − 800 ) + sin(600 ) − sin 800 
=
8
3
 0
sin 80 + sin( 600 ) − sin 800 
3 3 
=
8
3

sin( 600 ) =  ) =
8  2 
 3
16
= RHS

3
 sin 200.sin 400.sin 600 , sin 800 =
16
cos110 + sin 110
Example12: Prove that = tan 560
cos11 + sin 11
0 0

cos110 + sin 110

solution : LHS =
cos110 − sin 110
 sin 790 + sin 110
=
sin 790 − sin 110
 790 + 110   790 − 110 
2 sin   cos 
=  2   2 
 790 + 110   790 − 110 
2 cos  sin  
 2   2 

 900   680 
2 sin 
 2   cos 2 

=    
 900   680 
2 cos 2   sin 
 2 

   

=
( ) ( )
2 sin 450 cos 340
( ) ( )
2 cos 450 sin 340

= tan 450  cot 340

= 1 cot 340 = 1  cot(900 − 56)

= tan 56 = RHS

cos110 + sin 110

= tan 560
cos11 + sin 11
0 0
 Tutorial no -11
Title : Examples on inverse trigonometric function
Example 1 Find the principle value of :
− 1
1) sin−1  2 
 

− 1 1
2) cos−1  2  − sin−1 2
   

 5
3) sin cos−1 13
 

 4
4) sin 2 tan−1 3

5) cot−1 (− 3)

Solution : 1) sin
−1 − 1
2
−1
Let sin−1  2  =   sin−1 x =  then x = sin 
 
−1
 = sin 
2
1
 − sin  = 2 cos (90 + ) = − sin 

1
 cos (90 + ) = cos 60 cos 60 = 2

 
 cos 2 +  = cos 3
 
On equating we get,
 
 2+ = 3
 
= 3−2
2 − 3
= 6
−
= OR  = − 30
6
−1 −
Principle value of sin−1  2  =
  6 OR − 30
2) cos−1 − 1 − sin−1 1
2 2
−1
cos−1   = 1 sin−1 2 = 2
1
2  
−1 1
= sin 2
2 = cos 1 2
 1 1
 − cos 1 =  sin 2 =
2 2
 cos ( − ) = − cos  
 sin 2 = sin 6
 1
cos−1 3 = 2
 1
sin 30 = sin 6 = 2

 cos ( − 1) = cos 3
On equating, we get
 
  − 1 = 3  2 = 6
 OR 2 = 30
 1 =  − 3
3 − 
 1 = 3
2
 1 = 3
OR 1 = 120
−1
Now, cos−1  2  − sin−1 2
1
   
2  4 −  3
= − = =
3 6 6 6

= 2 OR 90
−1 1 
Principle value of cos−1   − sin−1   = OR 90
2 2 2

sin cos−1
5
3)
 13

cos−1   = 
5
Let
13
5
 cos  = 13
12
 sin  = 13

 = sin−1 13
12
 
cos−1 13 = sin−1 13
5 12
 … (1)
   
Now sin cos−1 13 = sin sin−1 13
5 12
… From (i)
     
12
= sin (sin−1 x) = x
13

sin cos−1   =
5 12

 13 13

4) sin 2 tan−1
4
 3
 tan−1 3 = A
4
Let
 
4
 tan A = 3

Now sin 2 tan−1 3

4

  
2 tan A
sin 2 A =
1 + tan2A
2(4/3) 8/3
= = 1 + 16/9
1 + (4/3)2
8/3 8/3 8 9
= (9 + 16)/9 = 25/9 = 3  25
24
sin 2 A = 25

 sin 2 tan−1 3 =

4 24
   25
5) cot−1 (− 3)

cot−1 (− x) =  − cot−1 x

cot−1 x = tan−1 x

1
cot−1 (− 3) =  − cot−1 3
 

=  − tan−1  
1
 3
=  − 30
 6 − 
= −6 = 6

5
=
6
5
 cot−1 (− 3) =
6

Example 2 : Find x if :
1)tan−1 (1) + tan−1 (x) = 0
 1
2) If tan = , Find cos 
2 3
Solution :

1) Given tan−1(1) + tan−1(x) = 0

tan−1 
1+x 
tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
 =0
1 − 1  x 1 − xy

tan−1 
1 + x
 =0
1 − x
 
1 + x
= tan 0 … [By definition of inverse function]
1 − x
 1+x
 = 0
1−x
 1+x = 0
 x = 0−1
 x = −1
 1
2) Given tan 2 =
3
 −1  1 
tan−1 
1
 2 = tan  3  = 30
 3

 2 = 30
  = 60
1
Now cos  = cos 60 cos 60 = 2

1
 cos  =
2


Example 3 : Prove that tan−1   + tan−1   =
1 1
2 3 4

tan−1   + tan−1  
1 1
Solution : L.H.S. =
 
2  3
We know that If x > 0, y > 0, and xy < 1 then
tan−1(x) + tan−1(y) = tan−1 
x+y
1 − xy
1 1 1
Here x = 2 > 0, y = 3 > 0 and xy = 6 < 1

 
1 1
2+3
tan−1 2 + tan−1 3 = tan−1
1 1
     1 1 

1− 23 
   
1 1 3+2
2 +3 6
= tan−1  1 
= tan −1

6−1 

1− 6  6 

= tan−1 5/6 = tan−1 (1) = 45 = 4
5/6
 
= R.H.S.
1 1 
 tan−1   + tan−1   =
2 3 4
 Example 4 : Prove that tan−1   + tan−1   = cot−1(2)
1 2
4 9

tan−1 4 + tan−1 9

1 2
Solution : L.H.S. =
   
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1
then tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
1 − xy
1 2 2
Here x = 4 > 0, y = 9 > 0 and xy = 36 < 1 then

 
1 2
+
−1 1 −1 2 4 9
tan 4 + tan 9 = tan
   
−1

1 2 
1−  
4 9 
   
1 2 9+8
+
4 9 36
= tan−1 2 
= tan −1
36 − 2  
1− 
36  36  
= tan−1 34
17
 

= tan−1   tan−1(x) = cot−1  

1 1
2 x

= cot−1   = cot−1(2) = R.H.S.

2
1
tan−1   + tan−1   = cot−1(2)
1 2

4 9

Example 5 : Prove that tan−1   + tan−1   = cot−1  

1 1 9
7 13 2

tan−1 7 + tan−1 13

1 1
Solution : L.H.S. =
   
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1
then tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1
x+y
1 − xy
1 1 1
Here x = 7 > 0, y = 13 > 0, xy = 91 < 1

 
1 1
7 + 13
tan−1   + tan−1   = tan−1
1 1
7 13  1 1 

1 − 7  13 
 7 + 13   91 
1 1 13 + 7
= tan−1  1  = tan  91 − 1 
−1

1 − 91  91 
 = tan−1 90
20
 

= tan−1 9 tan−1(x) = cot−1 x

2 1
   

= cot−1 2
9
 
= R.H.S.
1 1 9
 tan−1   + tan−1   = cot−1 
7 13 2
Example 6 : Prove that 2 tan−1   = tan−1  
1 3
3 4

2 tan−1 3
1
Solution : L.H.S. =
 
= tan– 1 3 + tan– 1 3
1 1
   
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1 then
tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1
x+y
1 − xy
1 1 1
Here x = 3 > 0, y = 3 > 0, xy = 9 < 1

 3+3 
1 1
tan−1   + tan−1   = tan−1
1 1
3 3  1 1
1 − 3  3
= tan−1 
2/3 
= tan−1 
2/3 
 1 − 1/9  (9 − 1)/9

= tan−1 8/9 = tan−1 3  8

2/3 2 9
   

= tan−1 4 = R.H.S.

3
 

2 tan−1   = tan−1  
1 3

 3 4

Example 7 Prove that cos−1   + tan−1   = tan−1  

4 3 27
5 5 11

cos−1 5
4
Solution : Let = 
 
4
 5 = cos 
3
 tan  = 4

 = tan−1 4
3

 
  cos−1 5 = tan−1 4
4 3
   

L.H.S. = cos−1   + tan−1  

4 3
Now
5 4

= tan−1 4 + tan−1 5

3 3
   
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1 then
tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
1 − xy
3 3 9
Here x = 4 > 0, y = 5 > 0, xy = 20 < 1

 4+5 
3 3
tan−1 4 + tan−1 5 = tan−1
3 3
     3 3
1 − 4  5
 4+5   20 
3 3 15 + 12
= tan−1  9 = tan−1  20 − 9 
1 − 20  20 
= tan−1   = R.H.S.
27
11

cos−1   + tan−1   = tan−1  

4 3 27
5 5 11

Example 8 : Prove that tan−1 

1 −1 6 −1
11 + cot 5 = sec 2

Solution : R.H.S. = sec−1 ( 2) = 

 2 = sec 
1
 2 =
cos 
1
 cos  =
2
1
 tan  =
1
 tan  = 1
  = tan−1(1)
 sec−1 ( 2) = 45

 sec−1 ( 2) = 4 … (1)

L.H.S. = tan−1 11 + cot−1 5

1 6
   

= tan−1 11 + tan−1 6 cot−1(x) = tan−1 x

1 5 1
     
 If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1
then tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
1 − xy
1 5 5
Here x= > 0, y = > 0, xy = < 1
11 6 66

   
1 5 1 5
+
11 6 11 + 6
= tan 
−1
1 5 
= tan −1
 5 
 1 − 11  6  
1 − 66 
 
6 + 55
66
= tan−1 66 − 5
 66 
= tan−1   = tan−1(1) = 45
61
61

tan−1 11 + cot−1 5 = 4
1 6
… (2)
   
From equations (1) and (2)

tan−1   + cot−1   = sec−1 ( 2)

1 6
11 5

Example 9 : Prove that tan−1(1) + tan−1(2) + tan−1(3) = 

Solution : L.H.S. = tan−1(1) + tan−1(2) + tan−1(3)

= {tan−1(1) + tan−1(2)} + tan−1(3)
We know that x > 0, y > 0 and xy > 1 then
tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
+
1 − xy
Here x = 1 > 0, y = 2 > 0, xy = 2 > 1
= {tan−1(1) + tan−1(2)} + tan−1(3)
= tan−1 
1+2 
+  + tan−1(3)
1 − (1) (2)
= tan−1 
1 + 2
+  + tan−1(3) = tan−1 
3 
+  + tan−1(3)
1 − 2  − 1
= tan−1(− 3) +  + tan−1(3) tan−1 (− x) = − tan−1 x
= − tan−1(3) +  + tan−1(3)
=  = R.H.S.
 tan−1(1) + tan−1(2) + tan−1(3) = 
 
Example 10 :Prove that tan−1   + tan−1   − tan−1   =
3 3 8
4 5 19 4

Solution : L.H.S. =
tan−1   + tan−1   − tan−1  
3 3 8
4 5 19
= tan−1   + tan−1   − tan−1  
 3 3  8
 4 5 19
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1 then
tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
1 − xy
3 3 9
Here x = 4 > 0, y = 5 > 0, xy = 20 < 1

 
3 3
4+5 −1  8 
= tan−1  3 3 − tan  19

1− 45 
 
3 3
4+5 −1  8 
= tan −1
 
9 − tan 19

1 − 20 
 
15 + 12
− tan−1  
20 8
= tan−1 
20 − 9  19
 20 
= tan−1 11 − tan−1 19
27 8
   
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 then
x−y
tan−1x − tan−1y = tan−1 1 + xy
 

 11 − 19  11 − 19
27 8 27 8
= tan−1  27 8  = tan  216−1

 11 19
1 +  1 + 209
 513209− 88 
= tan 209 + 216 = tan 425
−1 425 −1
 
 209 

= tan−1(1) = 45 = = R.H.S.
4

tan−1 
3 −1 3 −1  8 

4 + tan 5 − tan 19 = 4


Example11 : Prove that tan−1   + tan−1   + tan−1   =
1 1 1
2 5 8 4
Solution : L.H.S. =
tan−1 2 + tan−1 5 + tan−1 8
1 1 1
     
= tan−1   + tan−1   + tan−1  
 1 1  1
 2 5 8
We know that x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1 then
tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
 − xy
1
1 1 1
Here x = 2 > 0, y = 5 > 0, xy = 10 < 1

 
1 1
+
2 5 −1 1
= tan−1  
1 1 + tan 8

1− 25 
 
1 1
2+5 −1 1
= tan−1  1 
+ tan
8

1 − 10 
 
5+2
+ tan−1   = tan−1   + tan−1  
10 1 7 1
= tan−1 
10 − 1  8 9 8
 10 
Again use formula,

 9+8   9+8 
7 1 7 1
= tan−1  7 1 = tan  7  −1

1 − 9  8 1 − 72
 72 
56 + 9

72 − 7 = tan 65

65
= tan−1 −1

 72 

= tan−1 (1) = 45 = 4 = R.H.S.
 

 tan−1   + tan−1   + tan−1   =
1 1 1
2 5  8 4


Example 12: Prove that 2 tan−1   + tan−1   =
1 4
3 3 2

2 tan−1 3 + tan−1 3

1 4
Solution : L.H.S. =
   
= tan−1 3 + tan−1 3 + tan−1 3
 1 1  4
      
We know that If x > 0, y > 0 and xy < 1
then tan−1x + tan−1y = tan−1 
x+y
1 − xy
 1 1 1
Here x= > 0, y = > 0, xy = < 1
3 3 9

 
1 1
3+3 −1 4
= tan −1
 1 1 + tan 3
 
1− 33

 
1 1
3+3
+ tan−1  
4
= tan −1
  1 3
 
1− 9

 
2
= tan−1 8 + tan−1 3
3 4
   
 
9

= tan−1 3  8 + tan−1 3

2 9 4
   
= tan−1 4 + tan−1 3
3 4
   

 
3 4
4+3
Again use formula = tan −1
 3 4 
 1− 43 
3 + 4
4 3
= tan−1  
1 − 1
9 + 16
 12 
= tan−1  0 
 
= tan−1 () = 90

=2

1 4 
 2 tan−1   + tan−1   =
3 3 2
Example 13 : Prove that cos−1   + cos−1   = cos−1  
4 12 33
5 13 65

Solution :

Let cos−1 5 = A cos−1 13 = B

4 12
   
4 12
cos A =  cos B =
5 13
 3 5
sin A = sin B =
5 13

Now, cos (A + B) = cos A  cos B − sin A  sin B

4 12 3 5 48 15 48 − 15
= 5  13 − 5  13 = 65 − 65 = 65

cos (A + B) = 65
33
 
A + B = cos−1 65
33
 
cos−1   + cos−1   = cos−1  
4 12 33

5 13 65

Prove that sin−1   + sin−1   = sin−1  

3 8 77
Example 14 :
5 17 85

Solution :

sin−1 5 = A and sin−1 17 = B

3 8
Let
   
3 8
 sin A = 5  sin B = 17

4 15
cos A = 5 cos B = 17

Now, sin (A + B) = sin A  cos B + cos A  sin B

3 15 4 8
= 5  17 + 5  17
45 32 45 + 32
= + =
85 85 85
77
sin (A + B) = 85

A + B = sin−1 85
77
 
 sin−1   + sin−1   = sin−1  
3 8 77

5 17 85
Example 15 : Prove that sin−1   − cos−1   = cos−1  
3 5 56
 
5  
13 65
Solution :

sin−1 5 = A cos−1 13 = B

3 5
Let
   
3 5
 sin A = 5  cos B = 13

4
cos A = 5 12
sin B = 13

Now, cos (A − B) = cos A  cos B + sin A  sin B

4 5 3 12
=  + 
5 13 5 13
20 36
= 65 + 65
20 + 36
= 65
56
cos (A − B) = 65

A − B = cos−1  
56
65
sin−1   − cos−1   = cos−1  
3 5 56

5 13 65

Example 16 :If tan−1 x + tan−1 y + tan−1 z = Show that xy + yz + zx = 1
2

Solution :

Let tan−1 x = A  x = tan A

tan−1 y = B  y = tan B
−1
tan z = C  z = tan C

 Given tan−1 x + tan−1 y + tan−1 z = 2

 A+B+C = 2

 A+B = 2−C

Taking tan on both sides

  
tan (A + B) = tan  − C tan  −  = cot 
2  2 
tan A + tan B
 = cot C
1 − tan A  tan B
tan A + tan B 1 1
 = cot  =
1 − tan A  tan B tan C tan 
x+y 1
 = z
1 − xy
 z(x + y) = 1(1 − xy)
 zx + yz = 1 − xy
 xy + yz + zx = 1