A to Z Legal Words Used in Courts (2025 List & PDF)

“Objection, Your Honour! The witness’s testimony is irrelevant and immaterial.”

If you’ve ever watched a courtroom drama or attended a court hearing, you’ve likely come across terms that sound complex or unfamiliar. In real life,
understanding legal words used in court is crucial, whether you’re a lawyer, law student, or just curious about the law.

Legal terminology can seem overwhelming, but it plays a vital role in every legal proceeding. Here, we have covered A to Z legal terms used in Indian courts,
along with their meanings in English and Hindi, and how to use them in sentences.

Common Legal Words Used in Indian Court

Below are the top legal terms with meaning used in courts:

Word Meaning

A written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in

Affidavit
court.

A legal process by which a higher court is asked to review the decision of a

Appeal
lower court.

Temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on the

Bail
condition of payment.

Cognizance Formal notice or acknowledgment taken by a court of an offense or case.

A formal legal document outlining the charges or claims against a

Complaint
defendant.

Cross-Examination The questioning of a witness by the opposing party in a court case.

A formal and authoritative order, especially one having the force of law in a
Decree
civil case.

Defendant The person or party against whom a legal action is brought in court.

Any information, such as testimony, documents, or physical objects,

Evidence
presented in court to prove or disprove a fact.

A written report filed by the police after receiving information about a

FIR (First Information Report)
cognizable offense.

A legal writ demanding that a person be brought before a judge,

Habeas Corpus
particularly to secure release from unlawful detention.

A court order requiring an individual or entity to do or refrain from doing a

Injunction
specific act.

Jurisdiction The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a particular case.

Litigation The process of taking legal action or resolving disputes in court.

Petitioner The party who presents a petition to the court in a legal case.

The party conducting legal proceedings against someone in respect of a

Prosecution
criminal charge.

Plaintiff A person who brings a legal action in a civil case.

A formal written order issued by a court directing someone to perform or

Writ
refrain from performing a specified act.

Judgment The final decision or ruling by a court in a legal case.

Summons A legal document ordering a person to appear in court.

 A court order requiring a person to attend court to give testimony or
Subpoena
present evidence.

A civil wrong that causes harm or loss, for which a remedy may be sought
Tort
in court.

Conviction A formal declaration by a court that someone is guilty of a criminal offense.

A legal judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they
Acquittal
have been charged.

A petition filed in response to an original petition, often seeking different

Cross-Petition
relief.

The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after having taken an

Perjury
oath or affirmation.

The legal process of proving and registering the last will of a deceased
Probate
person.

The act of sending a prisoner or accused person back into custody, or the
Remand
act of sending a case back to a lower court for further action.

A legal process by which a case is brought before a higher court for review
Appeal
of a lower court’s judgment.

Quash To nullify or void a legal proceeding, such as an FIR or an indictment.

Breach of Contract The violation of the terms agreed upon in a legal contract.

A member of a jury, a group of people selected to determine the facts of a

Juror
case and deliver a verdict.

Monetary compensation awarded to a party in a legal case to cover losses

Damages
or injuries.

The act of damaging someone’s reputation by making false statements,

Defamation
either spoken (slander) or written (libel).

Deponent A person who gives a deposition or swears to an affidavit.

The transfer of possession of goods or property by one party to another

Bailment
under contract.

The legal process of resolving a dispute; the act of making a judgment or

Adjudication
decision.

A court order to temporarily suspend the execution or enforcement of a

Stay Order
judgment or proceeding.

The conditional release of a prisoner before the completion of their

Parole
sentence.

A Latin phrase meaning “with the necessary changes having been made”;
Mutatis Mutandis used in legal contexts to indicate that a previous statement applies with
slight modifications.

A formal notice requesting the court to suspend a proceeding until the

Caveat
party filing the caveat has been heard.

A legal remedy in contract law where the court orders the party in breach
Specific Performance
to fulfill their contractual obligations.

An act of disobedience or disrespect toward the judicial system, which may

Contempt of Court
result in penalties or punishment.

The act of restoring something to its rightful owner or compensating for a

Restitution
loss or damage.

A legal principle that prevents a party from contradicting or asserting

Estoppel
something contrary to what has previously been established as truth.

The mental element of a crime, referring to the defendant’s intention or

Mens Rea
knowledge of wrongdoing.
 The physical act of committing a crime, as opposed to the mental intent to
Actus Reus
commit it.

A person who takes responsibility for another’s performance of an

Surety
obligation, such as repaying a loan.

Willful Default The deliberate failure to fulfill an obligation, especially in financial matters.

This list provides key legal terms used in Indian courts, along with concise definitions. These terms cover a broad range of legal contexts, from criminal cases
to civil disputes, and are essential for understanding courtroom proceedings.

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Legal Words That Start With ‘A’

Below is the legal words list starting with letter A, along with meaning in English, Hindi, and usage in sentence:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

To encourage or assist someone to He was charged with abetting the

Abet उकसाना
commit a crime criminal by providing him shelter.

A person charged with a criminal The accused pleaded not guilty

Accused अभियुक्त
offense during the court hearing.

A judgment that a person is not After a lengthy trial, the court ruled
Acquittal दोषमुक्ति
guilty of the crime for the acquittal of the defendant.

Legal Words That Start With ‘B’

Below is the list of legal terms starting with letter B, along with meaning and usage in sentence:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

Temporary release of an accused The accused was granted bail by the

Bail जमानत
person awaiting trial court pending the trial.

A person entitled to benefits or The court recognized her as the sole

Beneficiary लाभार्थी
proceeds from a will or trust beneficiary of her father’s estate.

The seat occupied by judges in a A five-judge bench was constituted

Bench पीठ
court to hear the constitutional case.

Legal Words That Start With ‘C’

The table below shows the legal phrases starting with letter C:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A formal notice requesting a court The company filed a caveat to

Caveat to suspend proceedings until the कावेयत ensure no orders are passed without
party filing the caveat is heard its knowledge.

The judge took cognizance of the

A court’s acknowledgement of a
Cognizance संज्ञान matter and summoned the accused
legal matter to be heard
for trial.
 The activist was held in contempt of
Willful disobedience or disrespect
Contempt of Court न्यायालय की अवमानना court for disrupting the
towards court rules or authority
proceedings.

Legal Words That Start With ‘D’

Find legal terminology beginning with letter D:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

Compensation, usually monetary, The court ordered the company to

Damages awarded to someone for loss or हर्जाना pay damages for breaching the
injury contract.

The court passed a decree in favor

A formal order or judgment by the
Decree डिक्री of the plaintiff, granting them
court
ownership of the disputed property.

The act of damaging someone’s The celebrity filed a defamation suit

Defamation reputation by making false मानहानि against the media company for
statements publishing false accusations.

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Legal Terms That Start With ‘E’

Find legal terminology beginning with letter E:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The prosecutor presented new

Any information presented in a legal
Evidence साक्ष्य evidence to support the charges
case to prove or disprove facts
against the defendant.

The court made its decision based

The application of principles of
Equity न्यायसंगतता on equity, ensuring fairness to both
fairness and justice in legal matters
parties.

The accountant was charged with

Fraudulent appropriation of funds embezzlement after diverting
Embezzlement गबन
by someone entrusted with them company funds into personal
accounts.

Legal Terms That Start With ‘F’

Find the common legal words used in court, starting with letter F:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A formal written document prepared

The victim immediately filed an FIR
by the police when they receive
FIR (First Information Report) प्राथमिकी with the local police station after the
information about a cognizable
robbery.
offense

Wrongful or criminal deception The businessman was arrested for

Fraud intended to result in financial or धोखाधड़ी committing fraud by forging
personal gain financial documents.
 Legal action with no sound basis, The court dismissed the lawsuit,
Frivolous Litigation often used to harass or delay the तुच्छ मुकदमे labeling it as frivolous litigation
process intended to waste time.

Legal Words Starting With ‘G’

Find common legal words used in Indian court, starting with letter G:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A person or institution that is

The bank was named as a garnishee
ordered by the court to surrender
Garnishee गार्निशी to withhold the debtor’s funds for
money or property belonging to a
the court.
debtor

A person legally appointed to

After the parents passed away, the
manage the affairs of a minor or
Guardian अभिभावक uncle was appointed as the legal
someone incapable of managing
guardian of the minor children.
their own affairs

A formal complaint raised by an The employee filed a grievance

Grievance individual, typically in a legal or शिकायत against the company for unfair
workplace context dismissal.

Legal Words Starting With ‘H’

Find legal words with meaning and sentence, beginning with letter H:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A legal action or writ requiring a

person under arrest to be brought The lawyer filed a writ of habeas
Habeas Corpus before a judge to secure their बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण corpus to challenge the illegal
release unless lawful grounds are detention of the accused.
shown for their detention

Information received from others The court dismissed the witness’s

Hearsay that cannot be substantiated and is सुनी-सुनाई बात statement as hearsay since it lacked
not admissible as evidence direct evidence.

A person legally entitled to the

After his father’s death, he became
Heir property or rank of another upon उत्तराधिकारी
the rightful heir to the family estate.
their death

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Legal Words Starting With ‘I’

Find legal words list, starting with letter I:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

 The court granted an injunction
A court order requiring a party to do
Injunction निषेधाज्ञा preventing the company from
or refrain from doing a specific act
selling the disputed property.

The witness was granted immunity

Legal protection from prosecution
Immunity प्रतिरक्षा in exchange for testifying against
or penalties
the accused.

The grand jury issued an indictment

A formal accusation initiating a
Indictment अभियोग पत्र against the businessman for fraud
criminal case
and embezzlement.

Legal Words Starting With ‘J’

Find legal words with sentences and meaning, beginning with letter J:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The final decision or ruling by a The court delivered its judgment,

Judgment निर्णय
court in a legal matter ruling in favor of the plaintiff.

The legal authority of a court to The High Court has jurisdiction over
Jurisdiction अधिकार क्षेत्र
hear and decide a case cases involving constitutional issues.

The lawyer’s argument was

Jurisprudence The theory or philosophy of law न्यायशास्त्र grounded in legal jurisprudence and
historical case laws.

Legal Words Starting With ‘K’

Find legal words and meaning, starting with letter K:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The unlawful taking away or

The accused was charged with
Kidnapping transportation of a person, usually अपहरण
kidnapping the child for ransom.
to hold them against their will

The defendant was found guilty of

Knowingly With full awareness or intention जानबूझकर knowingly engaging in fraudulent
activities.

The defendant claimed to have no

Awareness or understanding of
Knowledge जानकारी knowledge of the illegal activities
facts, law, or a situation
being conducted by his associates.

Legal Words Starting With ‘L’

Find basic legal terminology, starting with letter L:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The landlord filed a case against the

A person who owns property and
Landlord मकान मालिक tenant for failing to pay rent on
rents it to a tenant
time.

The company faced a lawsuit over

A legal action brought by one party
Lawsuit मुकदमा allegations of environmental
against another
damage.

A person legally entitled to inherit The court recognized him as the

Legal Heir कानूनी उत्तराधिकारी
the property of a deceased person legal heir to his father’s estate.
Legal Words Starting With ‘M’
Find legal words and phrases with meaning, starting with letter M:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The magistrate granted bail to the

A judicial officer who handles minor
Magistrate मजिस्ट्रेट accused after the preliminary
legal cases and preliminary hearings
hearing.

Financial support given by one The court ordered the husband to

Maintenance person to another, typically after a भरण-पोषण pay monthly maintenance to his ex-
divorce or separation wife after their divorce.

The politician was accused of

Wrongdoing or misconduct,
Malfeasance दुराचार malfeasance for misusing public
especially by a public official
funds for personal gain.

Legal Terminology Starting With ‘N’

Find list of legal words starting with letter N:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

Legal philosophy ensuring fairness, The court upheld the principles of

Natural Justice equality, and impartiality in प्राकृ तिक न्याय natural justice by allowing both
decision-making parties to present their case.

A public official authorized to The agreement was signed in the

Notary authenticate legal documents and नोटरी presence of a notary to ensure its
administer oaths legal validity.

Failure to exercise the care that a The doctor was sued for negligence
Negligence reasonably prudent person would लापरवाही after failing to diagnose the
exercise in similar circumstances patient’s illness in time.

Legal Terminology Starting With ‘O’

Find list of legal terms with meaning, that start with letter O:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A solemn promise, often invoking a

The witness took an oath to tell the
Oath divine witness, regarding one’s शपथ
truth before testifying in court.
future actions or behavior

A formal protest raised during a trial

The defense attorney raised an
or hearing regarding the
Objection आपत्ति objection to the prosecutor’s line of
admissibility of evidence or
questioning.
testimony

A person who has committed a The offender was sentenced to five

Offender अपराधी
crime or illegal act years in prison for theft.

Legal Terminology Starting With ‘P’

Find list of legal terms, starting with letter ‘P’:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A person who brings a legal action The plaintiff filed a suit for damages
Plaintiff वादी
or lawsuit against another party after the contract was breached.
 The legal party responsible for The prosecution provided
Prosecution presenting a case against an अभियोजन substantial evidence to prove the
individual accused of a crime guilt of the accused.

The court’s decision followed the

A legal decision that serves as an
Precedent उदाहरण, पूर्वनिर्णय legal precedent established by
example or rule for future cases
previous rulings.

Legal Terms Starting With ‘Q’

Check list of legal words starting with letter ‘Q’:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The court decided to quash the

To reject or void a legal decision,
Quash रद्द करना charges against the defendant due
order, or indictment
to lack of evidence.

A Latin term meaning “as much as The contractor was entitled to

he deserves,” referring to the payment based on quantum meruit
Quantum Meruit जितना योग्य है
reasonable value of services for the work completed before the
rendered contract was terminated.

A body or authority having powers The regulatory commission acted as

Quasi-Judicial and procedures resembling those of अर्ध-न्यायिक a quasi-judicial body in resolving the
a court of law dispute.

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Legal Terms Starting With ‘R’

Find law terms with meaning that start with letter R:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

To send a case or an accused person The judge remanded the accused to

Remand back to a lower court or into रिमांड police custody for further
custody for further investigation questioning.

A counterargument or evidence The defense presented a strong

Rebuttal presented to contradict or disprove खंडन rebuttal to challenge the
something prosecution’s claims.

Compensation or return of
The court ordered restitution to the
something to its rightful owner, or
Restitution पुनः स्थापन victims of the fraud, ensuring they
restoring a party to its original
received their money back.
position

Legal Words Starting With ‘S’

The list of law words that begin with letter S:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

 A legal document issued by a court
The defendant received a summons
Summons requiring someone to appear in समन
to appear in court for the hearing.
court

A legal order requiring a person to The witness was served with a

Subpoena न्यायालयीन आदेश
testify or produce evidence in court subpoena to testify at the trial.

An agreement reached between The parties reached a settlement

Settlement parties to resolve a legal dispute समझौता before the case went to trial,
without going to trial avoiding lengthy litigation.

Legal Terminology Starting With ‘T’

The list of legal words that start with letter T:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A civil wrong causing harm or loss The plaintiff filed a tort claim for
Tort for which a remedy may be sought अपकर्म damages caused by the defendant’s
in court negligence.

Relating to a will or the distribution The court upheld the testamentary

Testamentary वसीयतनामा संबंधी
of assets after death trust created by the deceased’s will.

The witness’s testimony played a

A formal statement given by a
Testimony साक्ष्य crucial role in the conviction of the
witness under oath in court
accused.

Legal Words Starting With ‘U’

Find the list of legal terminology with meaning, that start with letter U:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The court ruled that the company’s

Acts beyond the legal authority or actions were ultra vires, as they
Ultra Vires विधि-अधिकार से परे
power of a person or institution exceeded the powers granted by the
articles of incorporation.

Excessive pressure or manipulation The plaintiff argued that the

Undue Influence exerted on someone to act against अनुचित प्रभाव contract was signed under undue
their free will influence and was therefore invalid.

The accused filed a petition for

The act of holding someone without
Unlawful Detention अवैध हिरासत release, claiming unlawful detention
legal authority or justification
by the police.

Legal Words Starting With ‘V’

Find the legal terms that start with letter V:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

The formal decision or finding made The jury delivered a guilty verdict
Verdict निर्णय
by a jury or judge in a legal case after deliberating for several hours.

Legal responsibility imposed on one

The company was held vicariously
person for the actions of another,
Vicarious Liability प्रतिनियुक्त उत्तरदायित्व liable for the actions of its employee
typically an employer for the acts of
during the course of his duties.
an employee

The contract was declared void due

Having no legal effect or validity;
Void अमान्य to the lack of mutual consent
null
between the parties.
Legal Words Starting With ‘W’
The list of legal terms that start with letter W includes:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A legal document authorizing law The police executed an arrest

Warrant enforcement to carry out an action वारं ट warrant for the suspect involved in
such as an arrest or search the robbery.

The voluntary relinquishment or The tenant signed a waiver, giving

Waiver abandonment of a legal right or अधिकार-त्याग up their right to demand repairs
claim from the landlord.

A legal document in which a person

The deceased left a will, distributing
Will declares how their assets will be वसीयत
his property among his children.
distributed after death

Legal Words Starting With ‘X’

Since there are very few legal phrases and terms starting with “X,” most of the words are uncommon but important in legal discussions. These terms,
although rare, still play a role in specialized legal settings:

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A trademarked term that has

become synonymous with The lawyer asked for xerox copies of
Xerox photocopying, often used in legal ज़ेरॉक्स (फोटोकॉपी) all the evidence to be submitted to
cases to refer to copies of the court.
documents

The court addressed the issue of

A fear or hatred of foreigners, often
xenophobia in the workplace,
Xenophobia referenced in human rights and विदेशियों का भय या घृणा
ordering the company to implement
discrimination cases
anti-discrimination policies.

The agreement included an X clause,

A placeholder term sometimes used
which the parties agreed to finalize
X Clause in contracts to represent a term or अज्ञात धारा
before the project’s
condition that will be defined later
commencement.

Legal Words Starting With ‘Y’

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

A common law rule that states a

Under the year and a day rule, the
person cannot be charged with
suspect could not be charged with
Year and a Day Rule homicide if the victim dies more एक वर्ष और एक दिन नियम
murder because the victim passed
than a year and a day after the act
away 15 months later.
that caused the injury

A contract in which an employee Yellow dog contracts were once

Yellow Dog Contract agrees not to join a labor union as a पीला कु त्ता अनुबंध used by employers to prevent
condition of employment workers from organizing unions.

The case involving the minor was

A specialized court that deals with
Youth Court किशोर न्यायालय transferred to the youth court for
crimes committed by minors
trial.

Legal Words Starting With ‘Z’

Legal Term Meaning (English) Meaning (Hindi) Usage in Sentence

 The time immediately following the
The members of parliament raised
start of a legislative session, often
Zero Hour शून्य काल the issue of environmental pollution
used for raising urgent issues
during Zero Hour.
without prior notice

The regulation of land use by local

The city council enforced new
authorities to allocate areas for
Zoning क्षेत्रीकरण zoning laws to separate residential
different types of development and
and commercial areas.
land use

A law that defines how property in The new zoning ordinance prohibits
Zoning Ordinance specific geographic zones can be क्षेत्रीकरण अध्यादेश the construction of high-rise
used buildings in the heritage area.

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How to Use Legal Terminology in Court?

Below are some key tips on how to use legal phrases effectively in court proceedings:

Know the context: Ensure you understand the legal term’s meaning and context before using it in court. Misusing a term can weaken your argument or
confuse the court.
Use precise language: Legal terms carry specific meanings, so use them with precision to convey your argument clearly and effectively.
Follow court etiquette: When addressing the court, use formal legal terms respectfully and appropriately, such as “Your Honor” for the judge or “learned
counsel” when referring to opposing attorneys.
Avoid jargon overload: While legal terms are essential, don’t overuse jargon. Make sure your arguments are clear to everyone in the court, especially the
judge and jury.
Explain when necessary: If a legal term is complex or unfamiliar, provide a brief explanation to ensure all parties understand its relevance to the case.
Cite precedents: When using terms like “precedent” or “res judicata,” back them up with references to previous court rulings or legal authorities to
strengthen your argument.
Object clearly and correctly: During objections, use legal terms such as “hearsay,” “leading question,” or “irrelevant” to specify the legal grounds for your
objection.
Refer to written evidence: Use terms like “exhibit,” “affidavit,” or “documentary evidence” when presenting or referring to evidence in court.
Use Latin terms with caution: Latin terms like “habeas corpus,” “mens rea,” or “actus reus” are common in court but ensure the court understands their
meaning by explaining their significance if necessary.
Emphasize relevant laws: When citing legal provisions, use precise terms such as “section,” “clause,” or “subsection” to refer to specific parts of statutes
or acts.
Ensure consistency: Use legal terms consistently throughout your argument to maintain clarity and avoid confusion in court.
Adapt to the situation: Tailor your use of legal terms depending on the complexity of the case, the audience, and the type of court (e.g., civil, criminal, or
appellate).

Why Understanding Law Terms is Important?

Below is why understanding law words and terms is important:

Clear Communication: Legal terms provide clarity and precision in communication between lawyers, judges, and other legal professionals.
Avoid Misinterpretation: Proper understanding prevents the risk of misinterpreting laws, contracts, or court orders, which could lead to unintended
legal consequences.
Strengthens Legal Arguments: Using the correct legal terminology helps in presenting stronger and more convincing arguments in court.
Improves Legal Drafting: Accurate use of legal terms ensures that legal documents such as contracts, wills, and agreements are precise and enforceable.
Ensures Compliance: Understanding legal terms ensures adherence to legal procedures, helping individuals and businesses comply with regulations and
avoid penalties.
Facilitates Legal Research: Legal professionals need to understand terms to efficiently research case law, statutes, and legal principles.
Supports Proper Application of Law: Legal terms define rights, duties, and liabilities, guiding the correct application of laws to specific situations.
Enhances Courtroom Effectiveness: Knowledge of legal terms enables attorneys to communicate effectively with judges, juries, and witnesses during
proceedings.
Prevents Exploitation: Individuals who understand legal terms are less likely to be taken advantage of in legal matters, such as signing contracts without
knowing the implications.
 Ensures Accurate Interpretation of Laws: Legal terms carry specific meanings in legislation, and understanding them helps ensure laws are interpreted
and applied as intended.
Facilitates Dispute Resolution: In negotiations or mediations, understanding legal terms helps parties reach fair and legally sound settlements.
Saves Time and Resources: Avoiding confusion over legal terms can reduce delays in court proceedings and legal processes, saving time and resources
for all involved.

Legal Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Courts

FIR – First Information Report
SC – Supreme Court
HC – High Court
LLB – Bachelor of Laws (Legum Baccalaureus)
LLM – Master of Laws (Legum Magister)
IPC – Indian Penal Code
CrPC – Code of Criminal Procedure
CPC – Code of Civil Procedure
ADR – Alternative Dispute Resolution
PIL – Public Interest Litigation
WPA – Writ Petition (Civil)
NCLT – National Company Law Tribunal
NCLAT – National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
SEBI – Securities and Exchange Board of India
IT Act – Income Tax Act or Information Technology Act (depending on context)
CJI – Chief Justice of India
RTI – Right to Information
NIA – National Investigation Agency
NSA – National Security Act
AFSPA – Armed Forces Special Powers Act
DV Act – Domestic Violence Act
NCR – Non-Cognizable Report
BBA – Bail Before Arrest
BA – Bail Application
COI – Constitution of India
NCRB – National Crime Records Bureau
RERA – Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act
EOW – Economic Offences Wing
ITAT – Income Tax Appellate Tribunal
GST – Goods and Services Tax
SARFAESI – Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act
NDPS – Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act
CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility
MOU – Memorandum of Understanding
IBC – Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
CIC – Central Information Commission
DSPE – Delhi Special Police Establishment (associated with CBI)
BOD – Board of Directors
CLAT – Common Law Admission Test
ADR – Alternate Dispute Resolution
DV – Domestic Violence
MM – Metropolitan Magistrate
ACB – Anti-Corruption Bureau
NI Act – Negotiable Instruments Act
JM – Judicial Magistrate
ADR – Alternative Dispute Resolution
NCDRC – National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
FEMA – Foreign Exchange Management Act
PMLA – Prevention of Money Laundering Act

Important Resources After CLAT Exam:

CLAT Result 2025 CLAT 2025 Toppers

NLSIU Bangalore NLSIU Bangalore Cut Off

CLAT Answer Key 2025 CLAT 2025 Question Paper

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FAQs About Legal Terminology

What is the difference between a ‘Plaintiff’ and a ‘Defendant’?
The plaintiff is the person or party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint, while the defendant is the person or party against whom the lawsuit is filed.

What is the difference between ‘Judgment’ and ‘Decree’?

A judgment is the final decision made by a judge after considering the facts and law in a case. A decree is the formal expression of the judgment in civil
cases, especially in suits for partition, divorce, and other similar matters.

What is a ‘Writ’ in Indian law?

A writ is a formal order issued by a court directing a government authority or individual to do or refrain from doing something. Common writs include
habeas corpus, mandamus, and prohibition.

What does ‘Suo Motu’ mean in legal terms?

‘Suo Motu’ is a Latin term meaning “on its own motion.” It refers to a situation where a court takes cognizance of a matter or initiates proceedings without a
formal complaint or request from any party.

What is ‘Res Judicata’?

‘Res Judicata’ is a legal doctrine that prevents the same parties from litigating the same issue in court once it has already been conclusively resolved by a
competent court.

What does ‘Mens Rea’ mean in criminal law?

‘Mens Rea’ is a Latin term meaning “guilty mind.” It refers to the mental state or intention to commit a crime, which is a crucial element in determining
criminal liability.

What is the meaning of ‘Public Interest Litigation (PIL)’?

PIL refers to legal actions initiated in a court of law for the protection of public interest, typically used to address issues that affect large sections of society,
such as environmental protection, human rights, and government accountability.

Must Know for Every CLAT Aspirant:

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CLAT Age Limit CLAT Marking Scheme

How to Prepare for CLAT? Best Books for CLAT

Law Colleges Information Related to CLAT:

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Top 5 NLUs in India NLSIU Bangalore Seats

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