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Oop 6

The Standard Template Library (STL) in C++ is a collection of template classes that provide general-purpose data structures and algorithms, including containers, algorithms, iterators, and functors. Key components include containers for storing objects (like vectors and maps), algorithms for performing operations on those objects, iterators for traversing container elements, and functors for customizing algorithm behavior. An example program demonstrates the use of a map to store and display key-value pairs.

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Kishor Kalane
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6 views3 pages

Oop 6

The Standard Template Library (STL) in C++ is a collection of template classes that provide general-purpose data structures and algorithms, including containers, algorithms, iterators, and functors. Key components include containers for storing objects (like vectors and maps), algorithms for performing operations on those objects, iterators for traversing container elements, and functors for customizing algorithm behavior. An example program demonstrates the use of a map to store and display key-value pairs.

Uploaded by

Kishor Kalane
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1] Explain the concept of the Standard Template Library (STL) in C++.

What are its


key components?
The Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful set of C++ template classes
designed to provide general-purpose classes and functions with templates that
implement many popular and commonly used algorithms and data structures like
vectors, lists, and stacks. It is a significant part of the C++ Standard Library.
Key Components of STL
STL is divided into four main components:
1. Containers:
o Containers store collections of objects. The most commonly used
containers in STL are:
▪ Sequence Containers: Allow the storage of elements in a
specific order.
▪ Examples: vector, deque, list
▪ Associative Containers: Allow the storage of elements in a
sorted order (by default).
▪ Examples: set, multiset, map, multimap
▪ Unordered Containers: Store elements in an unordered
manner and allow fast access to elements.
▪ Examples: unordered_set, unordered_map
2. Algorithms:
o Algorithms perform operations on the elements of containers. They are
used to perform various tasks, such as searching, sorting, counting,
manipulating, etc.
o Examples: sort, find, for_each, binary_search, accumulate
3. Iterators:
o Iterators are objects that point to an element in a container and are
used to traverse through the elements of the container.
o They act like pointers and are crucial for performing operations on
container elements.
o Examples: begin, end, rbegin, rend
4. Functors (Function Objects):
o Functors are objects that can be treated as though they are a function
or function pointer.
o They are used with STL algorithms to customize behavior.
o Example: std::less, std::greater, user-defined functors

2] Write a program to implement map in STL

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

int main() {
// Create a map of string keys and int values
map<string, int> myMap;

// Insert elements into the map


myMap["Alice"] = 25;
myMap["Bob"] = 30;
myMap["Charlie"] = 35;

// Iterate and display the map elements


for (const auto& entry : myMap) {
cout << [Link] << ": " << [Link] << endl;
}

return 0;
}

Alice: 25
Bob: 30
Charlie: 35
Explanation:
1. Creating a Map:
o map<string, int> myMap;: Declares a map with string keys and int
values.
2. Inserting Elements:
o myMap["Alice"] = 25;: Inserts a key-value pair ("Alice", 25).
3. Iterating and Displaying Elements:
o for (const auto& entry : myMap): Iterates through the map and prints
each key-value pair.
4. Finding and Displaying an Element:
o auto it = [Link](key);: Finds an element by key.
o Checks if the key exists in the map and prints the corresponding value.

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