# जोहार झारखण्ड #

WELCOME ZET DRON'S

A PROJECT REPORT
DRONE DELIVERY SYSTEM
#2025#

It's an immense Pleaser for us to undertake this

project. we feel highly about doing the Project
entitled. - DRONE DELIVERY SYSTEM we are
highly indebted to our beloved Mr.
BABLU SOREN (ENGINEERING) for Providing
the necessary Resource in successful
completion of the project.
we express immense gratitude to our project
coordinator Scientist Mr. KAMDEV PAN for their
Valuable Suggestions and guidance to carry out
this Project.
भारत में प्रततदिन लगभग 100 मममलयन पैकेज डिलीवरी का लॉजजजटिक्स
ऑपरे शन होता है । दिन के समय शहरों में भारी मोिर वाहनों (HMV) के
आवागमन पर प्रततबंध, वाहनों की अत्यधधक भीड़, डिलीवरी करने वाले
अपयााप्त व्यजक्त, कूररयर सेवाओं की उत्पािकता में 85% से 50% तक की
कमी लाते हैं। इस पररयोजना का उद्िे श्य पारं पररक अंततम मील डिलीवरी
मसटिम में पररचालन लागत में किौती करना और समय पर डिलीवरी करना
है । ववचार एक ड्रोन डिलीवरी मसटिम बनाने का है जो एक सुरक्षित और कुशल
डिलीवरी सेवा प्रिान करता है । गंतव्य बबंि ु का सिीक टथान ग्राउं ि कंट्रोल
टिे शन से ड्रोन को दिया जाता है और ड्रोन में रखे पैकेज के साथ, यह फ्लाइि
कंट्रोलर की मिि से ऑिोपायलि तनष्पादित करता है । फ्लाइि कंट्रोलर और
िक्कर से बचाव प्रणाली द्वारा गततशीलता को आसान बनाया जाता है । पैकेज
डिलीवरी तंत्र को सुरक्षित और सुरक्षित डिलीवरी सुतनजश्चत करने के मलए एक
प्रमाणीकरण प्रणाली द्वारा सहायता प्रिान की जाती है । तनयत टथान पर, यह
ARTag/QR कोि को टकैन करके प्राप्त ककया जाता है जो उड़ान के समय ग्राहक
को भेजा जाएगा। पैकेज तभी डिलीवर ककया जाता है जब ARTag/QR कोि
संलग्न िेिा से मेल खाता है । पूरी प्रकिया रोबोि ऑपरे दिंग मसटिम और ओपन
सोसा ऑिोपायलि सॉफ़्िवेयर सूि को हािावेयर के साथ एकीकृत करके
तनष्पादित की जाती है । ड्रोन डिलीवरी एक ववघिनकारी तकनीक है जो
पारं पररक लॉजजजटिक्स उद्योग को किर से पररभावित कर रही है । ड्रोन
पररचालन लागत और ओवरहे ि लागत को कम करके पैकेज डिलीवर करने का
अधधक लागत प्रभावी तरीका प्रिान करते हैं, जजससे व्यवसायों को अपने राजटव
और लाभ में वद्
ृ धध करने की अनुमतत ममलती है । कीविा: रोबोि ऑपरे दिंग
मसटिम (ROS), ARTag, ऑिोपायलि।
 TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES NOMENCLATURE
[Link]
• GENERAL

• NEED FOR THE STUDY

• OBJECTIVES

• SCOPE OF WORK
o LITERATURE REVIEW

[Link] AND METHODS

• GENERAL
• MATERIALS
• ACRYLIC SHEET
• QUADCOPTER FRAME
• BLDC MOTOR
• ESC
• PROPELLERS
• PIXHAWK
• RASPBERRY PI
• PI CAMERA
• TELEMETRY MODULE
• GPS MODULE
• Li-Po BATTERY
• POWER MODULE
• BUCK CONVERTER
• SERVO MOTOR
• ULTRASONIC SENSOR
• RACK AND PINION

[Link]
 • FUSION 360
• ROS
• MISSION PLANNER
• FLOW DESIGN
[Link] AND DESIGN
• CONCEPT DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• CAD
• WIRING DIAGRAM
[Link]
• DRAG FORCE CALCULATION
• THRUST CALCULATION
• FLIGHT DURATION
CALCULATION
[Link] AND FUNCTIONALITIES
• AUTOPILOT SYSTEM
• COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM
• REAL-TIME TRACKING
• PACKAGE DELIVERY MECHANISM
• ARTag DETECTION
[Link] AND DISCUSSION
• AUTONOMOUS FLIGHT
SIMULATION
• WIND TUNNEL SIMULATION
• ARTag DETECTION
• PACKAGE DROPPING
MECHANISM
[Link] AND FUTURE WORK

[Link]

LIST OF TABLE
 • List of Materials

• Specifications of Quadcopter Frame

• Specifications of BLDC Motor

• Specifications of ESC

• Specifications of Propellers

• Specifications of Pixhawk 2.4.8

• Specifications of RPi 4 Model B

• Specifications of Pi Camera

• Specifications of Telemetry Module

• Specifications of GPS Module

• Specifications of LiPo Battery

• Specifications of Power Module

• Specifications of Buck Converter

• Specifications of Servo Motor

• Specifications of Ultrasonic Sensor

LIST OF FIGURES
• Acrylic Sheet
 • Impact Strength of Acrylic
• Quadcopter Frame
• BIde Motor
• Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
• Propeller
• Pixhawk 2.4.8
• Pixhawk 2.4.8 Pin Configuration
• Raspberry Pi
• Pin Configuration of RPi 4
• Pi Camera
• Telemetry Module
• GPS Module
• LiPo Battery
• Working of LiPo Battery
• Power Module
• Buck Converter
• Working of Buck Converter
• Servo Motor
• Close Loop System
• Servo Motor Control
• Ultrasonic Sensor
• Ultrasonic Pulse
• Working of Ultrasonic Sensor
• Rack and Pinion
• Working of Rack and Pinion Autodesk Fusion
360 Logo
• Robot Operating System Logo
▪ Mission Planner Logo
▪ Autodesk Flow Design Logo
▪ Concept Diagram of Drone Delivery System
▪ Block Diagram
▪ Diagonal View of Design With Dimensions
▪ Side View of Design With Dimensions
▪
 ▪ Bottom View of Design With Dimensions Top View
of Design With Dimensions
▪ Isometric view of the Drone
▪ Design of Drone with the sample package in it
▪ Wiring Image of Drone Components
▪ Screenshot of Dashboard During Autonomous
Flight-
▪ -Simulation of Drone in Mission Planner Software
▪ Screenshot of Dashboard During Simulation of
Drone on its Mission
▪ Screenshot of Wind Tunnel Simulation of 1st
Iteration of
▪ -Design in Autodesk Flow Design
▪ Screenshot of Wind Tunnel Simulation of Final
Design in
▪ -Autodesk Flow Design
▪ Screenshot of Front View of Wind Tunnel
Simulation of-
▪ -Designed Drone in Autodesk Flow Design
▪ Screenshot of ARTag Subscriber Launch File
▪ Photo of Actuation of Relay when ARTag is
Detected Photo of Non-Actuation of Relay when
Detected ARTag is Mismatched
▪ Screenshot of ARTag Visualisation in RVIZ
▪ Screenshot of Actuated Slider Mechanism (Rack
And Pinion)

NOMENCLATURE
ABBREVIATIONS
 ARTag - April Tag

BEC Battery Elimination Circuit

CAD - Computer Aided Design

CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAE - Computer Aided Engineering

COM - Communication

DGCA - Directorate General of Civil Aviation

ESC - Electronic Speed Controller

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival

FPV First Person View

GPS Global Positioning System

GCS - Ground Control Station

HMV - Heavy Motor Vehicle

Hz - Hertz

Li-Po - Lithium Polymer

ROS Robot Operating system

RPi - Raspberry pi
UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
INTRODUCTION
Global markets are expanding beyond borders and re-defining the
way demand and supplies are managed, which forged Supply
Chain, the backbone of Business Organizations today. It is merely
known that the supply chain is all about managing chains of
distribution networks involving warehouses, exports to different
countries or local markets, distributors, retailers and finally to the
end customer in tandem. But it is barely known that each node of
the supply chain industry faces significant challenges. Logistics,
being a crucial subset of the supply chain industry, lies in top in the
list of challenges faced. In India, the market value of the Logistics
industry is $150 billion. Subsequently, Last Mile Delivery alone
accounts for up to $40 billion.
Ranking first in the list of challenges faced by the logistics services
is the Last Mile Delivery itself. Final mile- the journey from a retail
store or shipping warehouse to the end customer's home. It is the
most critical step in the delivery process. While customers want
shipping that's free and fast, it also happens to be the most
expensive leg of the journey that goods take to reach their ultimate
destination and time consuming part of the shipping process.
It has been a common thing that when the shipment of a package
has been tracked it is found that the out for delivery status was
much longer than expected.
This final leg of the shipment usually involves several stops for
small deliveries.
In rural areas, delivery points along a particular route could be
several kilometres away, and only one or two packages are left at
each destination. In cities, the picture is not much better. What
urban areas compensate for in the proximity of stops is quickly
offset by almost constant traffic delays.
Last mile shipping can account for 53% of a shipment's total costs.
Companies typically acquire about 25% of that cost themselves, but
this number is increasing as supply chain inefficiencies are
becoming more and more costly due to continuous increase in e-
commerce, which has led to a dramatic increase in the number of
packages delivered each day, as well as customer expectations to
include not only fast delivery but also free.
NEED FOR STUDY
As consumers increasingly turn to e-commerce to meet their purchasing needs, fast shipping
is not simply something they feel good about having. It's a realistic expectation in any e-
commerce shopping experience. And, for the logistics companies and their retail partners,
these almost immediate shipments have to be the priority.
As a result, companies have long been competing to develop new technologies and supply
chain models that increase package volume, streamline deliveries and build customer loyalty
while trying to reduce costs. Unfortunately, one of their biggest expenses and challenges is
same-day last mile shipping. If we look at the total cost of shipping, the portion related to the
last mile is substantial. It can account for as much as 53% of the total. And with the boom in
free shipping, customers are less willing than ever to pay a full shipping fee. This forces
retailers and their logistics partners to bear a considerable cost.
This last leg is often the least efficient link in the supply chain, comprising up to 28% of the
total cost of the delivery. The 'last mile' problem also includes the challenges existing in the
delivery of goods to urban areas where the hustle and bustle of the central business district
contributes to congestion and can lead to safety issues.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the project is all about designing and deploying a drone delivery system to
solve the last mile delivery challenges. Motive of this project is to cut down the operational
cost in conventional last mile delivery systems and to execute timely delivery. Objective is to
deliver the package timely and securely to the end customer through drones. Central
computer in the warehouse commands the drone and also visualizes live data from the
drone. With the help of an collision avoidance system and on-board computer integrated with
the flight controller, the drone performs an autonomous flight. The drone navigates and
stabilises itself with the input data from sensors embedded into it. The end-to-end goal of
destination is
attained and the proper delivery of packages to the right user is attained with GPS and other
authentication systems.

SCOPE OF WORK
For the autonomous navigation, precise location of the destination point is received from the
end customer and fed to the drone through GCS. Stability and maneuverability is obtained
with the integration of a flight controller and an on-board computer that is programmed to
avoid collision with the sensors. For authentication, digital ARTag/QR code is sent to the end
customer that will be verified at the time of delivery. The package that needs to be delivered
is placed in the container attached to the drone. Live tracking of the drone is visualised in the
GCS and as well as in the dashboard of the end customer to know the location of the drone
and estimated time of arrival. At the destination, it scans and verifies the code. If verification
is successful, it actuates the dropping mechanism and the package is delivered. Post
package delivery, autopilot is enabled again and it returns to the launch location.

LITERATURE REVIEW
LAST MILE DELIVERY BY DRONES: AN ESTIMATION OF VIABLE MARKET POTENTIAL AND ACCESS TO
CITIZENS ACROSS CITIES

Rapid technological developments in autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles

(UAV or drones) and an evolving legislation may soon open the way for their large-scale implementation
in the last mile delivery of products. The use of drones could drastically decrease labour costs and has
been hyped as a potential disruptor to the parcel delivery industry. Online retailers and delivery
companies such as Amazon, are already filling up patents for the development of multi-level fulfilment
centres for unmanned aerial vehicles or "drone-bee hives" that would allow the deployment of this
technology within the built environment. A substantial amount of research has been carried out in the
last years on the potential use of drones for parcel delivery, principally in the area of logistic
optimisation.

DRONE-BASED PACKAGE DELIVERY USING THE ROOFTOPS OF CITY

BUILDINGS: MODEL AND SOLUTION

In general, the demand for delivery cannot be fulfilled efficiently due to the excessive traffic in dense
urban areas. Therefore, many innovative concepts for intelligent transportation of freight have recently
been developed. One of these concepts relies on drone-based parcel delivery using rooftops of city
buildings. To apply drone logistics systems in cities, the operation design should be adequately
prepared. In this regard, a mixed integer programming model for drone operation planning and a
heuristic based on block stacking are newly proposed to provide solutions. Additionally, numerical
experiments with three different problem sizes are
conducted to check the feasibility of the proposed model and to assess the performance of the proposed
heuristic. The experimental results show that the proposed model seems to be viable and that the
developed heuristic provides very good operation plans in terms of the optimality gap and the
computation time.

PIXHAWK: A SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS FLIGHT USING ONBOARD

COMPUTER VISION

The localisation and flight control pipeline is only one of the several onboard pipelines. As the Pixhawk
middleware provides a precise timebase,a standard textbook estimation and control pipeline already
performs well for autonomous [Link] overall pipeline, including camera interfacing and
communication,consumes only 10-15% of the total CPU power. Other implemented pipelines are stereo
obstacle avoidance and planar pattern recognition Individual Pipeline can be activated/ deactivated at
runtime and individual pipeline components can be replaced by different algorithms without changes to
the overall system.

MAVLINK PROTOCOL

Our MAVLink protocol is a very lightweight message marshalling protocol optimized for micro
air [Link] has only 8 bytes overhead per packet, allows routing at an inter-system or intra-
system level and has an inbuilt packet-drop detection. Due to the low overhead,it is both
suitable for UDPand UART/radio modem transport layers. The efficient encoding also allows
the protocol to be executed on microcontrollers. These Properties Allowed building a ho-
mogenous communication architecture across the PIXHAWK system. MAVLink has been
already adopted by a number other systems (pIMU autopilot, ArduPilot Mega autopilot, SLUGS
autopilot, UDB autopilot) The MAVLink sentences are generated based on an XML protocol
specification file in the MAVLink format. The code
generator ensures well-formed messages and generates C89-compatible C-codeforte message
packs and unpacking. This allows fast and safe extensions and changes to the communication
protocol and ensures that no implementation errors will occur for new messages. Our current
implementation supports the use of the lightweight communication marshalling library(LCM)
or the Robot Operating System(ROS) as transport layers.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF DELIVERY DRONES IN URBAN

The concept of drone usage for commercial purposes by retailers worldwide is still in its early
stages, and unheard of in Pakistan. Moreover, research on consumer perceptions regarding
commercial drones in Pakistan and around the world is very sparse. The purpose of this paper
is to gauge the level of acceptability and concerns Pakistani consumers may have in accepting
the drone delivery technology. This study offers new insights that retailers and delivery
companies can use to penetrate target markets in early stages. The authors have executed a
quantitative analysis through the means of a survey. A sample of middle- and upper class
residents of two cities in Pakistan was selected on which purposive sampling technique was
applied. A total of 307 responses were collected and these responses were analysed in SPSS.
Various analysis techniques were applied including Cronbach's alpha, the Pearson correlation
analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis. The results show that consumers in
Pakistan perceive privacy issues as a primary concern in relation to drone delivery.
The results also shed light on the profile of consumer segments that can be targeted by
retailers who may desire to use the drone delivery technology in the near future.
Using these findings, retailers using the drone delivery mechanism can address consumer's
fears and ambiguities. Retailers can resolve consumer concerns by designing pro-privacy
parameters in the initial service design stage and the infrastructure deployment of drones.

DRONE-AIDED ROUTING

The interest in using drones in various applications has grown significantly in recent years.
The reasons are related to the continuous advances in technology, especially the advent of
fast microprocessors, which support intelligent autonomous control of several systems.
Photography, construction, and monitoring and surveillance are only some of the areas in
which the use of drones is becoming common. Among these, last-mile delivery is one of the
most promising areas. In this work we focus on routing problems with drones, mostly in the
context of parcel delivery.

ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DRONE DELIVERY ON

AN ONLINE SHOPPING SYSTEM

In rural areas, drones are designed to replace road deliveries so as to

overcome infrastructure challenges; though drones notably consume less fuel
and consequently have a smaller impact on the environment, their full life
cycle assessment should still be evaluated to comprehensively understand
their environmental impact. This study presents a life cycle assessment study
on drone delivery in Thailand using CML2001, the life cycle impact assessment
(LCIA) method, to convert life cycle inventory data into environmental impacts.
The observed results show that an online shopping system using drone
delivery is one of the most environmentally friendly transportation options
throughout a wide range of scenarios. However, the parts production
contributed to significant impacts on environmental issues while the drone
operation showed the least impact to all impact categories. The dominant
contributors to global warming, abiotic depletion (ADP elements and fossil),
acidification air, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, and photochemical
ozone creation impact categories were the coal mining and electricity
generating station operation. However, the carbon fibers and the battery, are
the main contributors to other impact categories, which include the human
toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, and
terrestrial ecotoxicity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

GENERAL
The materials are chosen by keeping the cost, affordability, reliability and performance in
consideration as it is intended to serve the researchers for a long time without any problem in
between the operation. The quad-copter is made out of readily available, simple components
so that it is scalable and upgradable whenever needed by the user.

Meterial Specification
Acrylic Sheet 500x 600x 3mm

Quadcopter Frame 450 x 450 x 55 mm

BLDC Motors 140kv

Electronic Speed Controller 30Amp

Propeller Plastic (10x4.5)

Pixhawk 2.4.8 32 bit, 5V

Respberry pi4 Model B

PI camera 5MP

Telemetry Module 433Mhz 500mW

GPS Module Neo-7M

Li-Po Battery 11.1V 5400MAh

Power Module XT60 PLUG 28V 90A

DC-DC Buck converter LM2596

Servo Motor 4.8-6.0V

Ultrasonic Sensor MB1240

 Rack and Pinion . ABS Material

ACRYLICSHEET
INTRODUCTION
Acrylic is a thermoplastic homopolymer known more commonly by the trade name "plexiglass". The material is
similar to polycarbonate in that it is suitable for use as an impact resistant alternative to glass. It is generally
considered one of the clearest plastics on the market. Acrylic in the modern era and in general is used for a
variety of applications that typically take advantage of its natural transparency and the impact resistance of
certain variants. Common uses include lenses, acrylic nails, paint, security barriers, medical devices, LCD
screens, and furniture. Because of its clarity, it is also often used for windows, tanks, and enclosures around
exhibits.

PROPERTIES

o Thermoplastic
o High strength to withstand load
o Easy machinability

WHY ACRYLIC?
o It is readily available in various locations at a cheap price
o Very versatile for developing prototype purposes
o For this application, it is weighs less and easy to cut to desired shapes
o It is scratch resistant to certain extent and easy to machine with tools
INTRODUCTION
An FPV Drone Frame is like a suit of armour for all of the sensitive electrical components that constitute a
quadcopter. It is essential that a frame is as durable and rugged as possible, while still accommodating to the
needs of the pilot without hindering the flying experience and the inevitable maintenance that will ensue.
Each frame has a designated size class, based upon the longe as a hexacopter or tricopter, the size will always
be given by the greatest motor-to-motor distance.

DRONE FRAM PURPOSE

SPECIFICATION
The frame gives a drone its shape and holds all of the subsystems in place.
Because it serves a mechanical function, the most important material property for the frame is strength. For
commercial drones, thermoplastics such as variants of nylon, polyester, and polystyrene, are popular choices
because they are inexpensive to make into complex parts using injection molding [Link] Fiber +
Polyamide Nylon.
INTRODUCTION
The brushless is way more powerful for their weight than brushed motors, and they last way longer. For bigger
quads, no question, brushless is prefered. But for the micro and nano drones, it's fantastic to have these cheap
motors to crash with confidence.

BLDC MOTOR PURPOSE

Without a source of thrust, a drone would never get off the ground. The motors that drive drones are conventional
electric motors with copper windings and permanent magnets. The housing of the motors can be chosen to
minimise weight, and either thermoplastics or aluminium alloys present good strength-to-weight ratios.
However, motors can generate significant heat. So, materials with high thermal conductivity, like aluminium, can
be used for the housing to help cool the motor.

Parameter Specification
Motor KV (RPM/V)
1400
Compatible LiPO Batteries
2S-3S
Current Handling Capacity (A)
16
Max. Efficiency Current (A)
6-12
No-Load Current (mA)
700
Maximum Efficiency
80%
Weight(gm)
72
INTRODUCTION
The ESC connects the flight controller and the motor. Given that each brushless motor requires an ESC, a
quadcopter will require 4 ESCs. The ESC takes the signal from the flight controller and power from the battery
and makes the brushless motor spin.

NEED FOR ESC

Motors of this type require careful and continuous regulation of speed and of the relative direction of rotation. In
some cases, the possibility of implementing a real dynamic brake is needed as well. The circuit responsible for
these functions is the ESC (Electronic Speed Controller), which is typically composed of a power supply stage, a
circuit for detecting the current, a microcontroller and a communication interface with the flight controller.

APPLICATIONS
 o System is so efficient
o Minute control
o Power regulation to motor

Parameter Specification
Burst Current 40

Compatible LiPO Batteries 2S-3S

Constant Current (A) 30

Battery Elimination Circuit (BEC) Yes (5V/2A)

Weight (gm) 23

INTRODUCTION
The rotor blades of drones turn at high speeds, so they tend to absorb the most wear-and-tear when a drone flies
(or crashes). Just like the frame materials, choosing an optimal rotor blade material is a matter of maximising
strength while minimising weight.
Some rotor blades are made from carbon fiber-reinforced composites.
However, rotor blades are frequently damaged and replaced, so many are made of thermoplastics to reduce the
cost of replacing them when they break.
Because rotor blades are usually damaged in high-speed impacts while spinning, an engineer seeking to design
a durable rotor blade could filter materials by impact strength and density to select a suitable material.

Parameter Specification
Material ABS Plastic

No. of Bleeds 2

Length (Inch) 10

Pitch (inch) 4.5

Shaft Diameter (mm) 6

Total Length (mm) 254

Weight (gm) 28)

PIXHAWK

INTRODUCTION
The same advancements in microchip technology that created the modern smartphone make it possible for
drones to be flying computers. Many of the same
chips that can be found in smartphones (Intel, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Arm, etc.) also appear in drones.
As drones get smarter, they are becoming capable of taking on more sophisticated tasks with less human control.
At present, this means drones can follow predetermined paths without a human pilot or record measurements
from an even larger array of sensors. But researchers are learning how to program drones to perform
increasingly complex tasks without human help.

NEED FOR PIXHAWK

o Software support - as PX4 reference hardware these are our best-maintained
o Flexibility in terms of hardware peripherals that can be attached.
o Highly customizable in terms of form factor.
o Widely-used and thus well-tested/stable.
o Automated update of latest firmware via QGroundControl (end-user friendly).

PIN CONFIGURATION
Parameter Specification
Firmware Mission Planner

Sensor 3-Axis Gyrometer

Accelerometer
High-Performance Barometer
Magnetometer
Processor 32bit STM32F427 Cortex M4
core with FPU
The 32bit STM32F 103 failsafe
Co-Processor
Weight

Input Voltage( V) 7
INTRODUCTION
Raspberry Pi is the name of a series of single-board computers made by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. All over
the world, people use Raspberry Pis' to learn programming skills, build hardware projects, do home automation,
and even use them in industrial applications.
The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, is described as having ten times the
performance of a Raspberry Pi 1. Benchmarks showed the Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than
the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelized tasks.
Raspberry Pi 4 Computer Model B with 8GB RAM is the latest variant of the Raspberry Pi 4 Computer series
released in June 2019. It has the identical specification of the other 2 models, Pi 4 2GB RAM and Pi 4 4GB RAM
except it has 8 gigabytes of RAM. This is a big news for Raspberry Pi and brings Raspberry Pi even closer to
becoming a serious contender to be a true desktop replacement.
So Raspberry Pi 4 8GB has the same amazing features including Cortex-A72
Quad Core 1.5GHz Processor, Gigabit Ethernet, faster wireless and the ability to run 2x 4K monitors at the same
time thanks to the pair of micro HDMI connectors.
SPECIFICATION