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in
Computer Knowledge
NABARD Grade A:
Introduction to Computer
Q.1)
What is the primary characteristic
that distinguishes a computer?
[A] Physical size
[B] Processing power
[C] Weight
[D] Shape
[E] Color display
Q.2) Which of the following is a recognized limitation of computers?
[A] Memory capacity
[B] Processing speed
[C] Operating environment
[D] Emotional intelligence
[E] Physical strength
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Q.3) Who is/are credited with inventing the first electronic
computer?
[A] J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
[B] Blaise Pascal
[C] Charles Babbage
[D] John Napier
[E] Herman Hollerith
Q.4) Computers are often categorized into different generations
based on their technological advancements, capabilities, and design.
These generations are typically distinguished by significant changes
in hardware and software architecture. Which of the following
generations of computers introduced the use of integrated circuits?
[A] First Generation
[B] Second Generation
[C] Third Generation
[D] Fourth Generation
[E] Fifth Generation
Q.5) Solving specific problems with pre-programmed instructions in
a computer involves writing code that addresses the problem
directly. This is typically done through a combination of algorithms,
data structures, and specific instructions tailored to the problem
domain. Which of the following type of computer is specifically
designed for solving specific problems with pre-programmed
instructions?
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[A] Supercomputer
[B] Mainframe Computer
[C] Micro Computer
[D] Special Purpose Computer
[E] Workstation
Q.6) Personal computers (PCs) are general-purpose computers
designed for individual use, typically by a single person at a time.
They are versatile machines capable of performing a wide range of
tasks, including word processing, web browsing, gaming, multimedia
playback, and much more. What is the key characteristic that
distinguishes workstations from personal computers?
[A] Operating system
[B] Processor type
[C] Cost
[D] Size
[E] None of the above
Q.7) A supercomputer is a powerful and high-performance computing
system designed to execute a massive number of calculations at
extremely high speeds. What is the primary function of a
supercomputer?
[A] Personal entertainment
[B] Online banking
[C] Weather forecasting
[D] Social media interaction
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[E] Online shopping
Q.8) Which of the following types of computers stores data continuously in
the form of physical quantities?
[A] Digital Computer
[B] Hybrid Computer
[C] Analog Computer
[D] Mainframe Computer
[E] Supercomputer
Q.9) What type of computer is typically used for personal tasks such
as gaming and internet browsing?
[A] Micro Computer
[B] Special Purpose Computer
[C] Mainframe Computer
[D] PS5
[E] Supercomputer
Q.10) What distinguishes a mainframe computer from a
microcomputer?
[A] Processing speed
[B] Memory capacity
[C] Size
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[D] Cost
[E] Functionality
Q.11) Which generation of computers primarily used assembly
language for programming?
[A] First Generation
[B] Second Generation
[C] Third Generation
[D] Fourth Generation
[E] Fifth Generation
Q.12) The first generation of computers utilized vacuum tubes, such as
ENIAC and UNIVAC I, but were large, expensive, and operated in machine
language or low-level assembly. The second generation saw the
replacement of vacuum tubes with transistors. The third generation
brought integrated circuits. Fourth Generation computers were based
on______________________.
[A] IC
[B] Vacuum Tube
[C] Transistor
[D] Microprocessor
[E] AI
Q.13) EDSAC stands for ______________________.
[A] Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
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[B] Electronic Discrete Storage Automatic Calculator
[C] Electronic Delay Serial Automatic Calculator
[D] Electronic Discrete Storage Automatic Calculator
[E] None of the above
Q.14) What does ‘S’ stand for in ULSI?
[A] Scale
[B] Storage
[C] Scientific
[D] Script
[E] Synchronized
Q.15) Desktop and personal computers have had a profound impact
on society, transforming the way we communicate, work, learn,
entertain, and conduct business. They have empowered individuals,
connected communities, and accelerated progress across various
domains, shaping the modern world in profound ways. Desktop and
Personal computers are also known as______________.
[A] Super Computers
[B] Quantum Computers
[C] Mainframe Computers
[D] Micro Computers
[E] AI
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Q.16) Mainframe computers continue to play a crucial role in modern
enterprise computing, serving as the backbone of many mission-
critical systems and applications. While they coexist with other
computing platforms, such as cloud and distributed systems,
mainframes remain indispensable for organizations requiring high
performance, reliability, security, and scalability. To access a
mainframe or supercomputer, users often use _________________.
[A] Terminal
[B] Node
[C] Desktop
[D] Handheld
[E] All of the above
Q.17) ___________ are specially designed computer chips that reside
inside other devices, such as your car or your electronic thermostat.
[A] Servers
[B] Embedded computers
[C] Robotic computers
[D] Mainframes
[E] None of the above
Q.18) Which computer is mostly used for automatic operations?
[A] Remote Computer
[B] Hybrid Computer
[C] Analog Computer
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[D] Digital Computer
[E] None of the above
Computer Knowledge
NABARD Grade A:
Answers:
Introduction to Computer
Q.1)B Q.2)D Q.3)A Q.4)C Q.5)D Q.6)B Q.7)C Q.8)C
Q.9)A Q.10)B Q.11)B Q.12)D Q.13)A Q.14)A Q.15)A
Q.16)A Q.17)B Q.18)D
Computer Knowledge
NABARD Grade A:
Explanations:
Introduction to Computer
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Q.1) Explanation:
While computers may vary in size, display, weight, and shape, their
defining feature is their processing power. This refers to their ability to
execute instructions and perform calculations at high speeds.
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Physical size, color display, weight, and shape are all physical
characteristics that can vary greatly between different types of
computers and are not fundamental to their core functionality.
The correct answer is A. Processing power.
Q.2) Explanation:
Computers lack emotional intelligence, meaning they cannot make
decisions or judgments based on emotions.
While computers may not possess physical strength like humans,
they can be programmed to perform certain physical tasks using
robots.
Modern computers have vast memory capacities and are
constantly improving.
Processing speed is a major strength of computers, allowing them
to perform complex calculations quickly.
Computers can operate in various environments, depending on
their design.
The correct answer is option D.
Q.3) Explanation:
J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly are recognized for inventing the
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), considered
the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
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The correct answer is option A.
Name Role in Development of Computer Technology
J. Presper Co-inventor of ENIAC, one of the earliest general-
Eckert purpose electronic computers.
John Co-inventor of ENIAC, contributed to the development of
Mauchly early computing.
Blaise Developed the Pascaline, one of the earliest mechanical
Pascal calculators.
Charles Conceptualized the Analytical Engine, an early
Babbage mechanical general-purpose computer.
Invented logarithms and developed Napier's bones, aiding
John Napier
in manual calculations.
Herman Developed electromechanical punched card tabulators,
Hollerith precursor to modern computing.
Pioneered theoretical computer science, contributed to
Alan Turing breaking Enigma codes, developed the concept of the
Turing machine.
Q.4) Explanation:
The third generation of computers (1964-1971) marked a significant
leap by replacing transistors with integrated circuits (ICs). This
miniaturization led to smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.
The correct answer is Option C
Generations Time Period Technology Used
First Generation 1946 – 1959 Vacuum tube
Second Generation 1959 – 1965 Transistor
Third Generation 1965 – 1971 Integrated Circuit
Fourth Generation 1971 – 1980 VLSI microprocessor
Fifth Generation 1980 – onwards ULSI microprocessor
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Q.5) Explanation:
Special-purpose computers are designed to solve specific problems with
pre-programmed instructions, unlike general-purpose computers which
can perform a variety of tasks.
The correct answer is option D.
Additional Information:
Supercomputer: Supercomputers are extremely powerful
machines designed to handle complex and intensive
computational tasks, such as weather forecasting, scientific
simulations, and cryptography. They often consist of thousands of
interconnected processors working together to achieve high
processing speeds.
Mainframe Computer: Mainframe computers are large, high-
performance machines capable of handling large volumes of data
and supporting multiple users simultaneously. They are
commonly used in enterprises for tasks like transaction
processing, database management, and resource allocation.
Micro Computer: Microcomputers, also known as personal
computers, are small-scale computing devices designed for
individual use. They are versatile and widely used for tasks such
as word processing, internet browsing, gaming, and multimedia
entertainment.
A workstation is a high-performance computer designed for
professional or technical applications that require significant
computational power. These machines are optimized for tasks
such as CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided
Manufacturing), graphic design, video editing, scientific
simulations, and engineering analysis
Q.6) Explanation:
The key characteristic that distinguishes workstations from personal
computers is the processor type. Workstations typically feature more
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powerful processors compared to personal computers.
They are designed to handle complex computational tasks and intensive
workloads, such as computer-aided design (CAD), scientific modeling, and
multimedia production.
Workstations often utilize multi-core processors, high-speed memory, and
advanced graphics capabilities to deliver superior performance for
demanding applications.
Processor type is the key characteristic that distinguishes workstations
from personal computers. Hence option B is the correct answer.
Additional Information:
Operating System: While workstations and personal computers
may run different operating systems, such as Windows, macOS,
or Linux, the operating system alone does not distinguish them
from each other.
Cost: Workstations typically cost more than personal computers
due to their higher performance components and specialized
features. However, cost alone is not the defining characteristic.
Size: Workstations and personal computers can vary in size,
ranging from compact form factors to larger tower
configurations. While workstations may sometimes be larger to
accommodate additional hardware, size alone does not
differentiate them.
Q.7) Explanation:
Supercomputers are designed for tasks requiring massive computational
power. They play a crucial role in complex applications like weather
forecasting, scientific simulations, and large-scale data analysis, which
are not typically associated with personal activities like entertainment,
banking, social media, or shopping.
The correct answer is option C
Personal Entertainment, Online Banking, Social Media, and Online
Shopping: While individuals may use computers, including personal
computers, smartphones, and tablets, for personal entertainment, online
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banking, social media interactions, and online shopping, these activities do
not require the computational power of a supercomputer. Supercomputers
are typically used for scientific research, engineering simulations,
cryptography, and other specialized applications that demand extensive
computational resources.
Additional Information:
Other tasks performed by supercomputers include:
Scientific Research: Supercomputers are extensively used in scientific
research for simulations, modeling, and data analysis in fields such as
physics, chemistry, biology, climate science, and astronomy.
Engineering and Design: Supercomputers are utilized for complex
engineering simulations, such as finite element analysis, computational
fluid dynamics, and structural analysis, to optimize designs and predict
performance.
Oil and Gas Exploration: Supercomputers are employed in the oil and
gas industry for seismic data analysis, reservoir modeling, and simulating
underground formations to improve exploration and extraction techniques.
Financial Modeling: In the financial sector, supercomputers are used for
high-frequency trading, risk analysis, portfolio optimization, and other
computational tasks requiring rapid data processing.
Defense and National Security: Supercomputers are utilized by defense
agencies for tasks such as cryptanalysis, code-breaking, missile
simulation, radar imaging, and nuclear weapons research.
Healthcare and Biomedicine: Supercomputers contribute to medical
research by facilitating genome sequencing, drug discovery, protein folding
simulations, and personalized medicine approaches.
Q.8) Explanation:
Analog computers are designed to process continuous physical quantities,
such as voltage, temperature, pressure, etc., as opposed to discrete digital
values. They use analog signals to represent and manipulate data, making
them suitable for tasks that involve continuous phenomena or real-world
measurements.
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Analog computers are commonly used in scientific and engineering
applications where precise and real-time calculations are required, such
as control systems, simulations, and scientific experiments.
Hence option C is the correct answer.
Additional Information:
Digital Computer: Digital computers process data using discrete
binary digits (0s and 1s) and are well-suited for tasks that involve
discrete values or symbolic data. They are the most common type
of computer used today and are found in various devices,
including personal computers, smartphones, servers, and more.
Hybrid Computer: Hybrid computers combine features of both
analog and digital computers, allowing them to perform both
analog and digital operations. They are often used in applications
where real-world data needs to be processed and converted into
digital format for analysis and computation.
Mainframe Computer: Mainframe computers are powerful,
high-performance machines used primarily by large organizations
for critical business applications, such as transaction processing,
database management, and enterprise resource planning (ERP).
They are known for their reliability, scalability, and ability to
handle massive workloads.
Supercomputer: Supercomputers are the most powerful and
high-performance computers available, capable of performing
trillions of calculations per second. They are used for complex
scientific simulations, weather forecasting, nuclear research,
computational fluid dynamics, and other tasks that require
immense computational power.
Q.9) Explanation:
Microcomputers, or personal computers, are commonly used for personal
tasks such as gaming, internet browsing, and word processing, making
them ideal for home use.
The correct answer is option A.
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Supercomputer: Supercomputers are highly advanced machines
built to handle complex computational tasks requiring immense
processing power. They are utilized for scientific simulations,
weather forecasting, molecular modeling, and other data-
intensive applications where massive calculations are necessary.
Mainframe Computer: Mainframe computers are powerful
systems optimized for handling large-scale data processing and
transaction-oriented applications. They are commonly used in
industries such as finance, telecommunications, and government
for tasks like processing bulk data, running business applications,
and managing large databases.
Special Purpose Computer: Special purpose computers are
engineered to perform specific tasks with pre-programmed
instructions. They are tailored to meet unique requirements and
are commonly used in applications such as industrial automation,
scientific research, and embedded systems where customized
functionality is essential.
The PlayStation 5 (PS5) is a gaming console developed by Sony
Interactive Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation 4
and is designed to deliver enhanced gaming experiences with
improved graphics, faster load times, and innovative features.
Q.10) Explanation:
The primary distinction between mainframe and microcomputers lies in
memory capacity. Mainframe computers boast significantly larger
memory capacities compared to microcomputers. This allows them to
handle multiple users, store vast amounts of data, and support complex
computations concurrently.
The correct answer is option B
Additional Information:
While size and processing power can differ between
mainframes and microcomputers, these features are not the
defining factors.
Both mainframes and microcomputers can run similar
operating systems, and cost is dependent on specific
models.
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The functionality of both types is diverse, and both can be
used for various tasks, though mainframes are often
associated with large-scale enterprise applications.
Q.11) Explanation:
The second generation of computers (1956-1964) marked the
introduction of assembly language. This language provided a more user-
friendly and efficient alternative to machine language, the low-level
language used in the first generation. Assembly language offered a
symbolic representation of machine code instructions, making
programming slightly easier.
The correct answer is option B.
Other options:
Machine language was the primary language used in the
first generation.
High-level programming languages became more
prominent in later generations.
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Q.12) Explanation:
Fourth-generation computers were based on microprocessors. This
advancement marked a significant shift from previous generations, which
relied on discrete components like transistors or integrated circuits (ICs).
Microprocessors integrated the central processing unit (CPU) onto a single
chip, leading to smaller, more efficient, and more affordable computers.
This innovation enabled personal computers to become more widespread
and accessible, revolutionizing the computing landscape.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Additional Information:
Generation Technology Used
First Generation Vacuum Tubes
Second Generation Transistors
Third Generation Integrated Circuits
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Fourth Generation Microprocessor
Firth Generation Artificial Intelligence
Q.13) Explanation:
EDSAC, which stands for Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator,
was one of the earliest stored-program computers and a landmark
achievement in the history of computing.
The correct answer is option A
EDSAC, the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator, was an early
stored-program computer developed at the University of Cambridge in the
late 1940s. It pioneered the concept of storing both instructions and data
in its memory, utilized vacuum tube technology, and employed mercury
delay lines for memory storage.
Programmed using paper tape, EDSAC was capable of performing various
calculations and played a crucial role in the advancement of computer
science and digital computing.
Q.14) Explanation:
Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) involves integrating an
exceptionally large number of electronic components onto a single
semiconductor chip.
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Additional information:
This technology enables high component density, increased functionality,
low power consumption, and high performance in electronic devices.
ULSI finds applications in diverse industries, powering the development of
advanced computing systems, consumer electronics, telecommunications
devices, and more.
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Overall, ULSI represents a significant advancement in semiconductor
manufacturing, driving innovation and enhancing the capabilities of
electronic devices
Q.15) Explanation:
Microcomputers are commonly known as Personal Computers (PCs),
and they encompass various form factors, including desktop computers,
laptops, notebooks, mini tower microcomputers, and full tower
microcomputers. Each form factor offers different features and capabilities
tailored to specific user needs and preferences.
Hence option A is the correct answer.
They typically consist of a central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage
devices, input/output peripherals, and a graphical user interface (GUI) for
interaction.
Micro computers are versatile machines capable of performing a wide
range of tasks such as word processing, internet browsing, multimedia
playback, gaming, and software development. They are characterized by
their compact size, affordability, ease of use, and widespread availability,
making them suitable for home, office, educational, and recreational use.
Micro computers have become ubiquitous in modern society, playing
essential roles in various aspects of daily life, including education,
business, entertainment, communication, and research.
Q.16) Explanation:
Terminals are devices used to access mainframes or supercomputers.
They are typically simple input/output devices that allow users to interact
with the mainframe or supercomputer remotely.
Hence option A is the correct answer.
Additional Information:
Nodes: Nodes are computing devices connected to a network, such as
PCs, servers, routers, and switches. They can communicate with other
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nodes and perform various functions within a network. While they can
indirectly access mainframe or supercomputers through network
connections, they aren't typically used as the primary means of access for
individual users.
Desktop: Desktop computers are versatile PCs designed for use on a desk
or table. They consist of a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and processing unit.
Desktops are used for tasks like word processing, internet browsing, and
gaming. While they can access mainframe or supercomputers through
networks, they aren't usually the primary means of access for individual
users.
Handheld: Handheld devices, like smartphones and tablets, are small
computing devices for on-the-go use. They have limited screen size and
processing power. While some can access mainframe or supercomputers
through networks, they aren't typically the main means of access due to
their limitations.
Q.17) Explanation:
Embedded computers. Embedded computers are incorporated into other
devices, rather than being standalone computers. Examples include digital
cameras, mobile phones, music players, specialist IT hardware (such as
networking hardware), and almost any kind of industrial or domestic
control system.
Hence option B is the correct answer.
Additional Information:
Servers: Servers are dedicated computer systems designed to provide
various services or resources to other computers or devices on a network.
They perform tasks such as file storage, data processing, web hosting,
email services, and network management. Unlike embedded computers,
servers are standalone systems serving multiple clients or users over a
network.
Robotic Computers: Robotic computers, also known as robot controllers,
are specialized computers used to control the operation of robots. They
consist of hardware components like microcontrollers, sensors, and
actuators, along with software algorithms for motion control, navigation,
sensing, and decision-making. While robotic computers may be embedded
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within robots, they are specifically designed for controlling robotic systems
and are not commonly used in other devices.
Mainframes: Mainframes are large-scale, high-performance computer
systems designed for handling extensive data volumes and supporting
multiple users or applications simultaneously. They are commonly used in
enterprise environments for tasks like transaction processing, database
management, and large-scale computing tasks. Unlike embedded
computers, mainframes serve as centralized computing resources and are
not typically embedded within other devices.
Q.18) Explanation:
Digital computers are primarily used for automatic operations due to their
ability to process discrete data and execute instructions in a programmed
manner. These computers operate using digital signals, manipulating data
represented in binary form (0s and 1s). They are widely employed in
various fields for tasks ranging from simple calculations to complex
computations and automation processes.
Digital Computer is mostly used for automatic operations. Hence option D
is the correct answer
Additional Information:
Remote Computer: A computer located at a distance, typically
accessed and controlled over a network or the internet, often used
for remote access and data processing.
Hybrid Computer: Combines the features of analog and digital
computers, capable of processing both continuous and discrete
data. They are suitable for tasks requiring complex calculations
and real-time data acquisition.
Analog Computer: Operates on continuous data and represents
values with physical quantities, such as voltage or rotation. They
are utilized for tasks like modeling dynamic systems and
simulating real-world phenomena.
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