George Orwell

He was on the journalist, and novelist, his name was adopted later because he is a real name was
Eric Arthur Blair.
So Erica was born in 1903 in India and his father work in the administration of British Empire so he
spent his childhood in England in a prestige school
His family didn’t allow him to go to university and in 1922 Blair joined in the Indian imperial police.
Five years later he returned to England and leave the among the poor people in London and go in
Paris also he abandon his ambitions of writing and accept the manual jobs also in this return he
under the name of George Orwell and published his rst book called down and out in Paris and
London 1933 where he described the condition of the poor people in the two capital cities

He, su ering from tuberculosis, worked for the BBC and become a literary editor of the Tribune. In
the 1945 he allegorical novel animal form was published and in this story is an anti-Soviet satire
featuring two pigs as it may need the protagonist.
In 1949 Orwell published his last great novel called 1984 and dystopian vision of the future of the
world ruled over by an oppressive totalitarian regime.
All of his work was based on his interest in the social and political conditions that he had
observed in his own lifetime
Oral is one of the strongest anti totalitarian voice of the territory because his works express the
dangers of totalitarianism in society. Animal farm written in the form of a political allegory in which
human characters are replaced by by farm animals the novel is a representation of the dangers of
revolutions.

Big brother
Big brother is an image presents everywhere in the stage of Oceania. A strongly benevolent face
looks at all citizens from post and the television screens. Big brother is watching you is the slogan
that we nd everywhere re ecting our gym in which all the citizens can be spied upon and where
even talks are not private. Survival in this words remains love for big brother and I’m thinking
orthodoxy of thought on behaviour. Big brother becomes a concept all knowing and all seeing

The instruments of power

Newspaper and the double thing
New speaker is the name of the reformed the version of the English language which is being
introduced in the society of 1984. It’s involves to elimination of all irregular forms and reducing the
vocabulary.
By the ear 2050 all speak will have disappeared completely and the revolution will be complete
You speak is an example of the whale language can be used as an instrument for power and the
correction
The other instrument of power and mass control used by the party is double thing the ability of
holding to contrasting ideas at the same time. These capacity is what enables the party to erase
the past and to make people believe in its truths. In other words, double thing represent the
cancellations of human conscience and rationality.

The story Nineteen Eighty-Four describes a nigntmarisn totalitarian world in which every aspect of
the individual's life is controlled by the omnipresent eyes and ears of the state. The book is divided
into three parts. The protagonist is Winston Smith and in the rst section we learn, through his own
re ections, of his life in a post-revolutionary London, which is now the capital of Airstrip One
(formerly known as England), in the superstate of Oceania.
Oceania is a totalitarian state ruled by an ominous organisation known simply as the Party.
Oceania and the two other world superstates, Eurasia and Eastasia, are involved in a continuous
war over remaining territories, and constantly change alliances.
As the novel progresses, it emerges that the war is largely an illusion maintained by the three
superstates in order to keep their respective oligarchic, Winston is a member of the Outer Party,
one of the minor peoples in a state of subjection. Oceanic society is hierarchical and functionaries
who spend their time making sure that the Party machine is running smoothly. Like the rest of his
caste, he has been systematically brainwashed from a young age and is kept under constant
surveillance by ubiquitous 'telescreens and the ominous Thought Police.
Above the Outer Party are the privileged Inner Party members, who enjoy the fruits of power and
production, and whose sole aim is to perpetuate the Party's power. At the very top is the enigmatic
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 Big Brother, a man who is nothing more than a face that appears on posters or screens and who is
the supposed embodiment of the Party. Winston's job at the Ministry of Truth involves the daily
rewriting of history: he corrects 'errors' and
"misprints' in past articles in order to make the Party appear infallible and consistent. Despite his
horror at the Party's continual cancellation of the past, Winston also enjoys his part in it, taking
pleasure in using his imagination to rewrite Big Brother's speeches.
Smith, a typical modern anti-hero, is a powerless individual who brie y tries to rebel against the
rules of his society, dreaming of obsolete values such as truth and decency. He feels that the only
hope lies in the 'proles' (proletarians), the vast majority of uneducated working people who live
outside the Party's ideological machinery; if only they could understand that they are not living in
the paradise that the Party claims they are. He soon discovers, however, that the proles lack the
analytical consciousness that would enable them to understand the huge deception of the Party's
ideology.
In a world in which there is no privacy, and unorthodox ideas are punishable by death, Winston
knows that it is a hopeless struggle.
In a society where love is forbidden while sex encouraged, his small rebellion, the focus of the
second part of the book, takes the form of an illicit love affair with a woman dissenter called Julia.
Renting a room which appears to have no telescreen, the couple are inducted by a man called
O'Brien into the Brotherhood, a legendary underground anti-Party organisation founded by
Emmanuel Goldstein, a former party member. However, it is not long before they are arrested,
betrayed by a hidden telescreen in the room and by O'Brien, who turns out to be a sinister party
of cial.
Winston is taken to a place called the Ministry of Love, where he is imprisoned and tortured by
O'Brien. Eventually, he is sent to the dreaded Room 101, the nal destination for anyone who
opposes the Party. Here, prisoners are confronted by their worst fears. Winston makes a voluntary'
confession, implicating Julia in the process and is released. He meets Julia one day, but there is no
longer any feeling between them. The novel ends with Winston expressing his entusiasm for the
party

Virginia Woolf
A Room of One’s Own”is an essay first published in September 1929, based on
twolectures Woolf delivered at the University of Cambridge in 1928 . In this essay, Woolf
usesmetaphors to explore social injustices and comments on women’s lack of free
expression.
She argues that the absence of female fiction is a result of a lack of opportunity rather
thana distinct absence of talent. Poetry depends on intellectual freedom, but
iIntellectualfreedom depends also on material things. And women have always been poor,
not for twohundred years merely, but from the beginning of time. She states that literature
should be
open to everybody. Besides, Woolf suggests that the association between poverty and
lowachievement can lead to disadvantages for generations. As women have been
marginalized for decades and the patriarchy dominated literature, Woolf’s general
theorycan be extended to many political circumstances. Her most essential point is
encapsulated in the metaphor:“A woman must have money and a room of her own if she
is to write fiction.”
This phrase is perhaps the most famous line from the essay, and it functions as the thesis
of the work and it has almost become a cliché. With this line, and the entire book, Woolf
raised one of the most important assertions of feminist literary criticisms. The argument
that women produce inferior works of literature must necessarily be qualified bythe fact of
the circumstances of women. Unlike their male counterparts, they are denied the time and
the space to produce creative works. Instead, they are saddled withhousehold duties and
are financially and legally bound to their husbands. By being
deprived of rooms of their own, there is little possibility for women to rectify the situation
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