FIRE ALARM

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 Table of Content

[Link]. Topic Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 WORKING 4-5

3 DIAGRAM 5

4 APPLICATIONS 6-9

5 CONCLUSION 10

6 PRECAUTIONS 10

7 COMPONENTS 11

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

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 INTRODUCTION

FIRE ALARM

A re alarm system is a building system designed to detect, alert

occupants, and alert emergency forces of the presence of re,
smoke, carbon monoxide or other re-related emergencies. Fire
alarm systems are required in most commercial buildings. They may
include smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual re alarm
activation devices(pull stations). All components of a re alarm
system are connected to a re alarm system panel. Fire alarm control
panels are usually found in an electrical or panel room. Fire alarm
systems generally use visual and audio signalisation to warn the
occupants of the building. Some re alarm systems may also disable
elevators, which are unsafe to use during a re under most
[Link] system consists of :

1. Sensors: Heat detectors, smoke detectors and ame detectors that

detect abnormal temperatures, smoke or ames.

2. Control Panel: The brain of the system, which receives signals from
sensors and triggers alarms.

3. Alarms: Sirens, horns or strobe lights that alert people of a potential

re.

4. Noti cation Devices: Devices that send alerts to emergency

services, such as re departments or monitoring centres.

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 REASON FOR CHOOSING THE PROJECT

Choosing a re alarm system as a project is a great idea because it

allows you to apply theoretical concepts to a real-world problem, making it
a practical and relevant learning experience. Additionally, re safety is a
critical aspect of public safety and developing a reliable and ef cient re
alarm system can have a signi cant impact on preventing injuries and
fatalities.

WORKING OF PROJECT

SIMPLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

The main components of simple re alarm system are ame sensor,

control panel and [Link] control panel is the brain of the system,
which receives signals from the ame sensor and activates the [Link]
sensor glows up the LED and makes a buzzer.

WORKING

All the components are soldered using soldering wire and are xed inside
a small house made up of cardboard and placed on a PCB board.

The re alarm system is triggered by the ame [Link] detector is

connected to the control panel. The control panel is connected to the
buzzer and power source.

When a detector senses a potential re, it sends a signal to the re alarm

control panel. The control panel analyses the signal and determines
whether it’s a legitimate re alarm or a false alarm.

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 If the control panel determines that the signal is a legitimate re alarm, it
activates the buzzer and glows up the [Link] loud alarm and the
glowing up if the LED will alert the people.

Once the re has been extinguished and system has been reset by
switching off and then after switching on back, the re alarm control panel
returns to it’s normal state, and the detectors are ready to detect another
potential re.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FIRE ALARM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
THE FOLLOWING IMAGE SHOWS THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THE
METAL DETECTOR CIRUIT

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 APPLICATIONS

Fire alarm systems are important for proactive re protection because

they help us to :
1. Detect res early: Early detection gives people time to evacuate and
allows for a quicker response.
2. Saves lives and assets: The faster a re is detected, the less time it
has to cause damage.
3. Avoid false alarm: False alarms can disrupt business activities,
cause unnecessary evacuations and desensitise people.

Here are some applications of re alarm systems:

1. Residential Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in homes,
apartments, and condominiums to detect res and alert occupants.
2. Commercial Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in of ces,
retail stores, restaurants, and other commercial buildings to protect
people and property.
3. Industrial Facilities: Fire alarm systems are installed in factories,
warehouses, and other industrial facilities to detect res and alert
employees.
4. Hotels and Motels: Fire alarm systems are installed in hotels and
motels to protect guests and staff.
5. Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities: Fire alarm systems are installed
in hospitals and healthcare facilities to protect patients, staff, and
equipment.
6. Schools and Universities: Fire alarm systems are installed in schools
and universities to protect students, staff, and facilities.
7. Government Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in
government buildings, such as city halls, courthouses, and federal
buildings.
8. High-Rise Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in high-rise
buildings to detect res and alert occupants.

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 9. Data Centres: Fire alarm systems are installed in data centres to
protect sensitive equipment and data.
10. Historic Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in historic
buildings to protect the structure and its contents.
11. Museums and Galleries: Fire alarm systems are installed in
museums and galleries to protect valuable artwork and artefacts.
12. Theatres and Auditoriums: Fire alarm systems are installed in
theatres and auditoriums to protect audiences and performers.
13. Airports and Transportation Hubs: Fire alarm systems are installed
in airports and transportation hubs to protect travellers and staff.
14. Stadiums and Arenas: Fire alarm systems are installed in stadiums
and arenas to protect spectators and athletes.
15. Warehouse and Storage Facilities: Fire alarm systems are installed
in warehouse and storage facilities to protect goods and equipment.

REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS
Today, re alarm systems are not an optional extra but are an essential
for protecting life and property. Appropriate re safety measures remain
one of the most important health and safety requirements for all of us.
Whether it is a multi-storey residential building or any other commercial
place, people, employees, and visitors all need to be protected from the
risk of re with appropriately designed re alarm systems.

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 HERE ARE REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS
OF METAL DETECTORS

1. O ce Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in o ce buildings to

protect employees and visitors from re hazards.

2. Hospitals: Fire alarm systems are critical in hospitals to protect

patients, sta , and equipment from re hazards.

3. Schools: Fire alarm systems are installed in schools to protect

students, teachers, and sta from re hazards.

4. Hotels: Fire alarm systems are installed in hotels to protect guests and
sta from re hazards.

5. Airports: Fire alarm systems are installed in airports to protect

travellers and sta from re hazards.

6. Shopping Malls: Fire alarm systems are installed in shopping malls to

protect customers and sta from re hazards.

7. Industrial Facilities: Fire alarm systems are installed in industrial

facilities to protect employees and equipment from re hazards.

8. Data Centres: Fire alarm systems are installed in data centres to

protect sensitive equipment and data from re hazards.

9. Theatres: Fire alarm systems are installed in theatres to protect

audiences and performers from re hazards.

10. High-Rise Buildings: Fire alarm systems are installed in high-rise

buildings to protect occupants and visitors from re hazards.

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 Some speci c examples of re alarm systems in real-life applications
include:

- The Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world, has a advanced re
alarm system that includes smoke detectors, heat detectors, and
sprinkler systems.

- The New York City Subway has a re alarm system that includes
smoke detectors and heat detectors to protect passengers and sta .

- The Las Vegas Strip has a re alarm system that includes smoke
detectors, heat detectors, and sprinkler systems to protect visitors and
sta .

- The London Underground has a re alarm system that includes smoke

detectors and heat detectors to protect passengers and sta .

In the United States

In the United States, re alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a
standardised audible tone, with visual noti cation in all public and
common-use areas. Emergency signals are intended to be distinct and
understandable to avoid confusion with other signals.

As per NFPA 72, 18.4.2 (2010 Edition), Temporal Code 3 is the standard
audible noti cation in a modern system. It consists of a repeated three-
pulse cycle (0.5 s on, 0.5 s off, 0.5 s on, 0.5 s off, 0.5 s on, 1.5 s off).
Voice evacuation is the second most common audible noti cation in
modern systems. Legacy systems, typically found in older schools and
buildings, have used continuous tones alongside other audible
noti cations.

In the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, re alarm evacuation signals generally consist of
a two-tone siren with visual noti cations in all public and common-use
areas. Some re alarm devices can emit an alert signal, which is
generally used in schools for lesson changes, the start of morning break,
the end of morning break, the start of lunch break, the end of lunch break,
and when the school day is over.

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 CONCLUSION
A re alarm is a device that detects the presence of re and atmospheric
changes relating to smoke. In some cases, a rm alarm is a part of a
complete security system, in addition to a burglary protection system. The
re alarm operates to alert people to evacuate location in which a re or
smoke accumulation is present. When functioning properly, a re alarm
will sound to notify people of an immediate re emergency. Fire alarms
can be found in homes, schools, churches and businesses and function
as a catalyst for saving lives. For most re alarms, when sounded, a
beep, bell or horn noise is [Link] distinct sound exists to allow the
noti cation to be heard. The re alarm constructed by this project work is
reliable at low cost.

PRECAUTIONS
1. Components of the circuit should be handled carefully.

2. Care should be taken while soldering as it may burn the skin.

3. Connecting wires should be insulated to prevent disturbance.

4. Connections should be tight as it may break easily.

5. Soldering must be done carefully as it may burn the PCB board.

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 COMPONENTS

1. IR Sensor

2. 1K Resistor

3. Electric Board

4. LED Light

5. 5V Active Buzzer

6. TP4056 Battery Charging Protection Module (Type C)

7. BD140 PNP Transistor

8. Switch

9. 3.7 Volt Battery

10. Electric Wire

11. Battery Holder

12. Card Board

13. Chart Papers

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. [Link] › wiki › Fire_alarm_system

2. [Link] re-alarm-physics-
project-cbse-class-12/71747880

3. [Link] re-alarm-circuit/

4. [Link] [Link]/ re-alarm-systems-applications/

5. [Link]

6. Meta AI

7. Google Gemini AI

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