Week 6 session 14
GRAMMAR Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that connect clauses, sentences, or words. They help us combine ideas and
show the relationship between them.
Types of Conjunctions:
Coordinating Conjunctions
These connect two equal parts of a sentence (words, phrases, or independent clauses).
Common coordinating conjunctions can be remembered with the acronym FANBOYS:
For , And , Nor , But , Or , Yet , So
Examples:
I wanted to go out, but it started raining.
She can play the guitar and the piano.
He didn’t like pizza, nor did he like pasta.
Would you like tea or coffee?
Conjunction Usage Example
For Explains reason or purpose I went to bed early, for I was tired.
And Adds one thing to another I bought apples and oranges.
Nor Connects two negative options He doesn’t drink coffee, nor tea.
But Shows contrast or opposite ideas I want to go, but I can’t.
Or Presents choices or alternatives Do you want pasta or rice?
Yet Shows contrast like "but" (more formal) It was raining, yet they played outside.
So Shows result or consequence I was late, so I missed the bus.
Subordinating Conjunctions
These connect a dependent (subordinate) clause to an independent clause.
Some common subordinating conjunctions:
Week 6 session 14
Because, although, since, if, when, while, unless, until, as, before, after
Examples:
I stayed home because I wasn’t feeling well.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
We can go for ice cream after we finish dinner.
She will succeed if she works hard.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunction Usage Example
Because Shows reason I went home early because I was tired.
Although Shows contrast Although it was cold, he went outside.
If Shows condition If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
When Refers to time When I arrived, the meeting had started
While Describes two simultaneous actions or contrasts While she was cooking, I was cleaning.
Since Shows reason or time Since it was late, we left.
Until Refers to the end of a period I waited until the store opened.
Before Refers to time He finished the work before he left.
After Refers to time I’ll call you after I finish.
Unless Introduces a condition I won’t go unless you come with me.
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction (coordinating or subordinating).
1. I studied hard, _____________________ I passed the exam.
2. We can go out for dinner ______________________ we finish this project.
3. He enjoys hiking, ______________________ he doesn’t like camping.
4. _________________ you were sleeping, I cleaned the house.
5. I can’t come to the party _____________________ I’m working late.
Week 6 session 14
Exercise 2: Combine the sentences
Use the correct conjunction to combine the two sentences into one.
I love coffee. I don’t drink it often. (although)
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She wanted to buy a new car. She didn’t have enough money. (but)
_______________________________________________________________________
You need to finish your homework. We can go out for ice cream. (after)
________________________________________________________________________
It was raining. We went for a walk. (yet)
________________________________________________________________________
You need to wake up early. You will miss the bus. (or)
_________________________________________________________________________
