Final Exam
Math 211 Spring 2016
Instructions: This is a 3 hour exam. You may not consult any notes or books during the exam,
and no calculators are allowed. Show all of your work on each problem. Attach extra paper if
you need more space.
Name:
Instructor (check one):
B. Orcan-Ekmekci C. Li Z. Gao V. Hoang
You should not talk about the exam with anyone, not even in your own class, until the solutions
are posted to owl-space.
Honor Pledge: On my honor, I have neither given nor received any unauthorized aid on this
exam.
Signature:
1
Problem Score
1 (20 pts)
2 (20 pts)
3 (20 pts)
4 (20 pts)
5 (20 pts)
6 (20 pts)
7 (10 pts)
8 (20 pts)
9 (20 pts)
10 (20 pts)
11 (10 pts)
Total (200 pts)
2
1. Consider the IVP
2t + sin t
y0 = , y(0) = −1.
2y
(a) Without solving the differential equation explicitly, show the initial-value problem
has a solution in a rectangle around the point (t, y) = (0, −1).
(b) Is the solution unique in that rectangle? Explain your answer.
(c) Solve the IVP explicitly.
3
2. Consider the initial-value-problem
y 0 − 3t2 y = 6t2
(a) Find the general solution of the differential equation.
(b) Solve the initial value problem consisting of the differential equation and the initial
condition y(0) = 0.
(c) Find an initial value y(0) such that for the corresponding solution, |y(t)| remains
bounded as t → ∞.
4
3. Answer TRUE or FALSE.
(a) If y(t) solves y 0 = y 2 , then the function u(t) = −y(t) is always a solution of the same
differential equation.
(b) The set of all solutions of the linear system
x1 + 5x2 = 0
x1 − x2 = 1
forms a vector space.
(c) Any second-order linear differential equation y 00 + py 0 + qy = 0 with constant coeffi-
cients has two linearly independent solutions.
(d) If ~v is an eigenvector for A, then ~v is also an eigenvector for the matrix
A3 + 2I.
(e) Suppose A, B are 3 × 3-matrices and that A is invertible, but B is not. Then the
matrix AB is invertible.
5
4. Consider the matrix
1 1 0
A = 0 0 1 .
0 0 1
Find the eigenvalues and eigenspaces of A.
6
5. A is a matrix depending on a parameter k ∈ R. Consider the linear system A~x = ~b with
some vector ~b.
(a) After a applying a few row operations, the augmented matrix [A|~b] becomes
1 0 0 1 |1
0 1 0
1 | 0
.
0 0 1 1 | 0
0 0 0 k−2 | 0
For which values of k is A~x = ~b solvable?
(b) For which values of k has A~x = ~b a unique solution?
(c) For which values of k is A invertible?
7
6. Consider the differential equation
y 00 − 3y 0 − 4y = 3e3t + 34 sin t (∗)
(a) Verify that u(t) = −5 sin t + 3 cos t is a particular solution of
y 00 − 3y 0 − 4y = 34 sin t.
(b) Find the general solution of (*).
8
7. Match the following phase portraits with the systems.
d~x −1 −2
(a) = ~x
dt 0 3
d~x 0 1
(b) = ~x
dt −1 0
d~x −1 0
(c) = ~x
dt −1 −1
d~x −3 1
(d) = ~x
dt 1 −3
9
8. Consider the linear system
d~x 1 −1
= ~x.
dt 1 3
(a) Find the general solution.
1
(b) Determine the solution with initial value ~x(0) = .
−2
(c) Make a sketch of the phase portrait, including eigenvector direction(s) and two sample
trajectories on the next page.
10
11
9. Find the general solution of
t
d 1 −4 e
~x = ~x + .
dt 2 −5 0
12
10. Consider the nonlinear system
dx
= (2 + x)(y − x)
dt
dy
= (2 − x)(y + x)
dt
(a) Find all the equilibrium points of the system, and draw the nullclines in the phase-
plane on the next page. Indicate them clearly as v- or h-nullclines.
(b) Classify the stability (stable/unstable/uncertain) of the equilibrium points by lin-
earizing the system.
(c) The following plot shows several phase-plane trajectories. Complete the diagram by
drawing the correct arrows on the trajectories shown.
13
14
11. Find the solution of the initial-value-problem
y 0000 + 2y 00 + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y 00 (0) = 1, y 000 (0) = 0
using the Laplace transform. You may use the following identities:
(a) L{f (n) } = sn L{f } − sn−1 f (0) − sn−2 f 0 (0) − . . . − f (n−1) (0)
(b) L 21 t sin t (s) = s4 +2ss 2 +1
15
