0478/11 - June 2019

1.MAC address in Media Access Control address.

2.MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to a device's NIC.

3. It is essential for devices to communicate with each other on the

same network.

4. When a device sends a packet of data, the packet's header

includes the source and destination MAC addresses.

Colour Code: representing the colour we see on a digital device

Error code: often a number or short phrase that identifies

something went wrong in a program or system

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The lossless compression method of this tongue
twister identifies and replaces repeating patterns
or sequences of words with shorter quotes or
this will reduce the amount of data used to store
and it also easy to recover the compressed data.

0478/12 - June 2019

Made by James Gan

 0478/13 - June 2019

0478/11 - November 2019

Hexa decimal has fewer digits to represent the same amount

of information as binary which makes it more readable for
humans and makes it easier to understand the location of data
in memory in a computer system.

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 Data translation: compressing the file will help reduce the
amount of storage needed making it easier to upload,
download or transfer data, this will help reduce the time taken
to transfer data.

0478/12 - November 2019

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 Dividing the denary value by two is the same as a binary right shift.

Lost data compression will eliminate unnecessary data

like sounds that are not audible to humans or remove
repetition of sound by playing the louder one.The data
that is remove cannot be retrieved/reconstructed.

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 0478/13 - November 2019

1.The library can use the lost sea compression method to reduce
the file size by reducing the resolution and frame rate.

2.Reducing the number of pixels will help reduce the file size while
providing a clear image for the viewers.

3.Frame rate determines in house smooth the video goes, reducing

a sufficient amount of frame rate can help reduce the file size
without affecting the viewers experience.

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 0478/12 - March 2020

Lossless compression reduces the file size of a sound file by reducing identical
data.
~The Run-length encoding (REL) identifies repeating sequences of data and
replace them with the count of the data and a symbol or word which is
reversible.

*Computer only understand binary or machine code, it uses low language.

This is because the circuit board contains transistor have two states,
which are either off or on.

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 Colour code: ways of representing the colour, we see on a digital device.

Error code. : often a number or short face that indicates something went
wrong in the program.

0478/12 - June 2020

Made by James Gan

 0478/13 - June 2020

Made by James Gan

 0478/11 - November 2020

0478/12 - November 2020

Made by James Gan

 Lossy compression eliminate and necessary data that cannot be
retrieved. MP3 files are used for playing music on computers or mobile
phones. This will compress 90% of the normal sound by removing non-
human range, sound or reputation of sound by playing the louder one.

Faster loading time: small files, load faster, this is very useful
when the viewers have low internet connection

Lower storage cost: small files, takeoff less storage space, which
means it will reduce the storage cost for the website owner.

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 0478/13 - November 2020

Made by James Gan

 0478/11 - March 2021

Made by James Gan

 Lossy compression creates thumbnails by permanently removing some of the data
from the original definition photograph. This will help reduce the file size making
it suitable for a thumbnail. Doing this compression means reducing the amount
of pixels and the less important frequency which is not noticeable for the human
eye.

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 0478/11 - June 2021

Lossless compression in sound files, works by identifying and eliminating repeating data
without losing it. This compression method involves identifying repeating patterns or
sequences in this audio file , instead of storing these repeating patterns, compression
method finds a more efficient way by storing a single type of pattern instead of repeating it
a lot of times. This helps reduce the file size as well as store, the information to reconstruct
when needed.. Example examples of losses compression in sound file is FLAC (Free lossless
audio Codec) and ALAC( Apple lossless audio Codec).

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 Because there is no lost data in lossless compression as there is in lossy
compression

Allows for more efficient storage

One drawback of using lossless compression rather than lossy compression is

that lossless compression has a larger file size compare to lossy compression
because lossy compression loses the unnecessary data while lossless stores it.

0478/12 - June 2021

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 0478/13 - June 2021

Made by James Gan

 * Permanently, removing some data from the video file, which may not be visible
to the human eye.
* Reduce the number of bits used to store the video.
* Only keeping the changes from the video frame and discharging the repetitive
data

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November 2021 (1)
Lossless compression, preserve the original image without losing
any detailed data, which is needed to get a good quality image.
November 2021 (2)
 Reducing the frame rate

Lowering the resolution

Irreversible data
To ensure no data is lost during compression, maintaining the original quality of the videos.
November 2021 (3)
7
*Identify an eliminates, repeating data within the video file

*Encoding, the remaining data more efficiently

he needs to ensure the videos' original quality.

March 2022
A digital image file is stored on a computer as a sequence of numbers representing
the colour of each pixel. These numbers are then organised in an array, forming a
bit map of an image. The computer uses these numerical values to reconstruct the
image when displayed.

Data compression means reducing the file size by simplifying the data, making it
faster and easier to send the mail.

Compressing the digital image file will help reduce file size
Faster email
and reduces bandwidth usage
 JUNE 2022(1)

Computers can only understand binary and machine code, because it only has
two states like transistor, which is on and off,1 and 0
JUNE 2022(2)
JUNE 2022(3)
 March 2023

The smallest unit of a digital image or a display.

Resolution is the amount of colours shown or represented.

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Made by James Gan
 June 2023

Made by James Gan

 There is an overflow error because the addition of the two binary numbers exceed

the maximum value that the register can hold .

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 Sampling rate is the number of sound samples taken per second.

Sampling resolution is the number of bits used to represent the

amplitude of each sample.

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 June 2023 (2)

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 Hexa decimal helps us code with few digits comparative to binary

It is easy to convert binary to hexa as in hexa 1 digits == 4 bits

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 * Each character is assigned a unique binary code using ASCII or Unicode system.

* When a case press, the given binary code is sent to the computer.

* Once the binary court is sent to the computer, the computer processes the binary
data.

Lossless compression words by identifying and

eliminating repeating data within the file. It replace
repeating patterns or sequences with shorter quotes
without losing any of the original data.. this allows the file
to be constructed after compression.

Reduced storage space

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 June 2023 (3)

Made by James Gan

Made by James Gan
 November 2023

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Converting the data into binary, helps a computer process, the information. This is because
computers only understand two states on and off which is one and zero.

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 1. Capturing the sound - a microphone converts the analog sound waves reduce into an
electrical signal.

2. Sampling- an analog to digital converter measures, the amplitude of the analogue signal
at regular intervals..

3. Rounding of- each samples amplitude is rounded of to the nearest value which is.
converted into digital values.

4.Encoding-Rounded of values are then converted into binary, Representing the digital
signal.

5. Storage-The Digital data That was converted into binary can be stored on a hard drive.

T the musician would use lossless compression over lossy compression for a sound file
because in loss compression, we can reconstruct the original quality of the audio.
Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any data, ensuring that the audio
can perfectly reconstructed.

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 ASCII Unicode
1. Limited to English and some 1. Universal, supports
basic characters. characters from all languages.

2. 128 characters. 2. Over 100,000 characters.

3. Fixed length seven bits. 3. Variable length.(8,16,32

bits)
4. Older systems, some
programming languages. 4. modern systems,
internationalised applications.

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 November 2023 (2)

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Made by James Gan
 Higher sample rate captures more data points per second, making it more accurate

A a higher sample rate results in a large file size, requiring more storage space

Sample resolution means to the number of bits used to represent the amplitude of each
sample. It determines the level of detail captured in the recording. A higher sample
resolution provides more accuracy.

Text

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 November 2023 (3)

A binary number system is a system of representing numbers using only two digits 0 and
1. This system is used by computer computers because computers only understand two
states on.(1) and off (0).

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Made by James Gan
Made by James Gan
 Image resolution refers to the number of pixels that make up an image.

Colour depth is the number of bits used to represent each colour

Allows for a wider range of colours and better transitions between colours.

Lossy compression

Faster transmission of images over the Internet

Easier sharing of image over platforms due to smaller file size.

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