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BSCE 1A
MMW NOTES LESSON 4 to 6
LESSON 4 - LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE AND NUMBER SYSTEM IN
COMPUTER
L4_LA
Question 1 345 = 2(172) + 1
Change the Hexadecimal 21DE3 to 172 = 2(86) + 0
base-10. 86 = 2(43) + 0
43 = 2(21) + 1
Response: 21DE3 21 = 2(10) + 1
D = 13 10 = 2(5) + 0
E = 14 5 = 2(2) + 1
2, 1, 13, 14, 3 2 = 2(1) + 0
1 = 2(0) + 1
138723 = 16(8670) + 3
8670 = 16(541) + 14 ANSWER: 1010110010010
541 = 16(33) + 13
33 = 16(2) + 1 Question 4
2 = 16(0) + 2 Change the binary system 101100001 to
base-10 number.
ANSWER: Base 10 of 21DE3 = 138723
Response:
Question 2
Find the LCM of 445 and 1125. 101100001
353 = 2(176) + 1
Response: ANSWER: 100,125 176 = 2(88) + 0
88 = 2(44) + 0
Question 3 44 = 2(22) + 0
n=5522 k=2 22 = 2(11) + 0
11 =2 (5) + 1
Response: n=5522 k=2 5 = 2(2) + 1
5522 = 2(2761) + 0 2 = 2(1) + 0
2761 = 2(1380) + 1 1 = 2(0) + 1
1380 = 2(690) + 0
690 = 2(345) + 0 ANSWER: 353
Question 5 23456 = 16(1466)+ 0
Find the LCM of 864 and 1296. 1466 = 16(91)+10
91 = 16(5)+11
Response: ANSWER: 2592 5 = 16(0)+5
ANSWER: 5BA0
Question 6
n=2341 k=8 Question 8
n=2568 k=10
Response:
n=2341 k=8 Response:
2341 = 8(292)+5
292 = 8(36)+4 n=2568 k=10
36 = 8(4)+4
4 = 8(0)+4 2568= 10 (256)+8
256= 10 (25)+6
ANSWER: 4445 25= 10 (2)+5
2= 10 (0)+2
Question 7
n=23456 k=16 ANSWER: 2568
Response: Question 9
Find the LCM of 120 and 135.
n=23456 k=16
Response: ANSWER: 1,080
Question 10
Change the Hexadecimal 14AFC0 to octal.
(note: change to base-10 then to octal)
Response:
14AFC0 = 1, 4, 10, 15, 12, 0 n=1355712 k=8
ANSWER: 5127700
1355712= 16(84732)+0 1355712 =8(169464)+0
84732= 16(5295)+12 169464 =8(21183)+0
5295= 16(330)+15 21183 =8(2647)+7
330= 16(20)+10 2647 =8(330)+7
20= 16(1)+4 330 =8(41)+2
1= 16(0)+1 41=8(5)+1
5 =8(0)+5
LESSON 4 NOTES
*Least Common Multiple(LCM)
>The least common multiple of a and b, denoted by Icm(a, b), is the smallest positive integer
that is both divisible by a and b.
Examples:
Find the Least Common Multiple of the ff.:
1.) 18 and 20
2.) 40 and 108
3.) 24 and 108
4.) 35 and 126
5.) 55 and 176
1.) 18 and 20
>LCM = 180
18 36547290 108 126 144 162 180 198
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
—-- Or you can use the ladder method
LCM
2 ÷ 18 , 20
= 9 10
2 x 9 x 10 = 180
Ladder method:
>> a ÷ (a,b) = r → a × r = ANSWER
>> a is the number that you would divide to the a and b, (a,b) is the given, and r is the
remainder
-the number(a) that you would divide to the given number(a,b) always starts at 2, since
there would be two given numbers, be sure that they would be both divisible by a.
- if the divisor(a) isn’t divisible to the given numbers(n), you change the divisor (2 to 3,3 to 4
,so on)
__Example: LCM of 18 and 21
-18 is divisible by 2, but 21 isn’t, so we change the divisor to 3
3 ÷ 18 , 21 → 3 x 6 x 7 = 126
6 7
>> you stop once both of the remainders isn’t divisible anymore with the same number
2.) 40 and 108
2 ÷ 40 , 108
2 ÷ 20 , 54 → 2 x 2 x 10 x 27 = 1,080
10 , 27
LCM=2x2x10x27=1080
3.) 24 and 108
2 ÷ 24 108
2 ÷ 12 54
3 ÷ 6 27
2 9
LCM(24,108) = 2x2x3x2x9 = 216
4.) 35 and 126 5.) 55 and 176
7 ÷ 35 126 11 ÷ 55 176
5 18 5 16
LCM(35,126) = 7x5x18 = 630 LCM(55,176) = 11x5x16 = 880
1.) Pratima attends dance classes every 6 days, singing classes every 4 days, and yoga
classes every 16 days. If she does all three activities today, in how many days will she do all
the three activities again on the same day?
LCM(6,4,16)
2 6 4 16
2 3 2 8 → since 2 is only divisible to both 2 and 8 and not 3, we bring down 3.
3 1 4
2x2x3x1x4=48 days
2.)
5 12 5 15
3 12 1 3
4 1 1
5x3x4x1x1=60
3.)
3 12 5 15
5 4 5 5
4 1 1
3x5x4x1x1=60
4.) In an evening walk, three friends step off together. Their steps measure 55 cm, 70 cm,
and 80 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that all can
cover the same distance in complete steps?
5 55 70 80
2 11 14 16
11 7 8
5x2x11x7x8 = 160 cm
>Unary Operation: It accepts only one value or operand.
>Binary Operations: It takes two values and include the operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and exponentiation. An operation is binary if it takes two real
numbers as arguments to produce another real number.
*Number System in Computer
Common Number System:
-Decimal system or base 10
-0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Number System in Computer:
-Binary or base 2
-0 and 1
-01110111
-Number system that computer uses to store and manipulate number
Other Number System:
-Base 8 or Octal
-0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
-Base 16 or Hexadecimal
-0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
- A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15
iii. If k=8, the base – 8 representation of n is called the octal representation of n.
iv. If k=16, the base – 16 representation of n is called the hexadecimal representation of n.
Examples:
1.) Consider n = 41 and k = 2
Change the base10 41 into binary.
By the use of division algorithm,
41 = 2(20) +1
20 = 2(10) +0
10 = 2(5) +0
5 = 2(2) +1
2 = 2(1) +0
1 = 2(0) +1
(41)2 = 101001
Self notes:
>> n = k(q) + r , where q = n÷k , and k is the base that is given , and where r is used to
balance both sides of the equation
( 41 = 2(20) +1 ) → 41 = 40 +1 → 41 = 41 [balanced]
>> stop once k(q) → q = 0 ( 1 = 2(0) +1 )
>> in writing the answer you start copying the remainder from the bottom to the top
2.) Change the following base – 10 to
binary:
-456
-355
-426
-800
-751
A. 6 = 2(3) +0
456 = 2(228) +0 3=2(1)+1
228 = 2(114) +0 1=2(0)+1
114 = 2(57) +0 110101010
57 = 2(28) +1
28 = 2(14) +0
14 = 2(7) +0 D.
7=2(3)+1 800 = 2(400) +0
3=2(1)+1 400 = 2(200) +0
1=2(0) +1 200 = 2(100) +0
111001000 100 = 2(50) +0
50 = 2(25) +0
B. 25 =2(12) +1
355 = 2(177) +1 12 = 2(6) +0
177 = 2(88) +1 6 = 2(3) +0
88 = 2(44) +0 3=2(1)+1
44 = 2(22) +0 1=2(0)+1
22 = 2(11) +0 1100100000
11 =2(5) +1
5 =2(2) +1 E.
2 =2(1) +0 751 = 2(375) +1
1=2(0) +1 375 = 2(187) +1
101100011 187 = 2(93) +1
93 = 2(46) +1
C. 46 = 2(23) +0
426 = 2(213) +0 23 =2(11) +1
213 = 2(106) +1 11=2(5)+1
106 = 2(53) +0 5 =2(2)+1
53 = 2(26) +1 2=2(1)+0
26 = 2(13) +0 1=2(0)+1
13 =2(6)+1 1011101111
3.) n= 272 k= 8
272 = 8(34) + 0 5.) n=338 and k=8
34 = 8(4) + 2 338 = 8(42) +2
4 = 8(0) + 4 42 = 8(5) +2
272 = (420)8 5 = 8(0) +5
338 = 522
4.) n= 546 and k=8
6.) n=237andk=8
546 = 8(68) + 2 237 = 8(29) +5
68 = 8(8) +4 29 = 8(3) +5
8 = 8(1) +0 3 = 8(0) +3
1=8(0)+1 237 = 355
546 = 1042
7.) Consider n = 5,673 and k = 10
5673 = 10(567) + 3 3039
567 = 10(56) + 7
56 = 10(5) + 6 12.) n=478 and k= 16
5=10(0)+5 478 = 16(29) + 14
5673 = 5673 29 = 16(1) +13
1=16(0)+1
8.) n= 4501 and k= 10 1DE
4501= 4501
13.) n= 3345 and k = 16
9.) Consider n=11,257 and k=16 3345 = 16(209)4+1
11257 = 16(703) +9 209 = 16(13)+1
703 = 16(43) +15 13 = 16(0) + 13
43 = 16(2)+11 13,1,1
2 =16(0) +2 D11
2,11,15,9
A=10,B=11,C=12,...,F=15 14.) Change the base-10 977 to octal
2BF9 977 = 8(122) +1
122 = 8(15) +2
10.) n = 6372 and k = 16 15=8(1)+7
6372 = 16(398) +4 1=8(0)+1
398 = 16(24) +14 977 = 1721
24 = 16(1)+8
1=16(0) +1 15. Change the base-10 123456 to
1,8,14,4 hexadecimal
18E4 123456 = 16(7716) + 0
7716 = 16(482) + 4
11.) n= 12345 and k= 16 482 = 16(30) +2
12345 = 16(771) +9 30 = 16(1) + 14
771 = 16(48) + 3 1=16(0)+1
48 = 16(3) +0 1E240
3 = 16(0) + 3
16.) Change the binary 1101101001 to base-10 number
Self notes:
>Given - 1101101001, base10 = k=2
>n = k(q) + r , where k=2, r = 1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1 (starting from the bottom to top)
>we start by substituting r from the bottom to the top, and substitute our base 2 as our k
>since we know at the last equation that q=0, we start from there
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 1 → n = 2(q) + 1 → 873 = 2(436) + 1
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 0 → n = 2(q) + 0 → 436 = 2(218) + 0
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 0 → n = 2(q) + 0 → 218 = 2(109) + 0
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 1 → n = 2(q) + 1 → 109 = 2(54) + 1
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 0 → n = 2(q) + 0 → 54 = 2(27) + 0
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 1 → n = 2(q) + 1 → 27 = 2(13) + 1
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 1 → n = 2(q) + 1 → 13 = 2(6) + 1
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 0 → n = 2(q) + 0 → 6 = 2(3) + 0
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 1 → 3 = 2(1) + 1 → 3 = 2(1) + 1
n = k(q) + r → n = 2(q) + 1 → 1 = 2(0) + 1 → 1 = 2(0) + 1
1101101001 = 873
17.) Change the binary 1010111 to 490 = 8(61) + 2
base-10 number 61 = 8(7) + 5
87 = 2(43) + 1 7 = 8(0) + 7
43 = 2(21) + 1 7521 = 3921
21 = 2(10) + 1
10 = 2(5) + 0 20. Change the hexadecimal AAA1
5 = 2(2) + 1 to base-10 number
2 = 2(1) + 0 43681 = 16(2730) + 1
1 = 2(0) + 1 2730 = 16(170) + 10
1010111 = 87 170 = 16(10) + 10
10 = 16(0) + 10
18.) Change the octal 231 to base-10 AAA1 = 43681
number
153 = 8(19) + 1 21. Change the hexadecimal 12CF to
19 = 8(2) + 3 base-10 number
2 = 8(0) + 2 4815 = 16(300) + 15
231 = 153 300 = 16(18) + 12
18 = 16(1) +2
19. Change the octal 7521 to 1= 16(0) + 1
base-10 number 12CF = 4815
3921 = 8(490) + 1
PRACTICE
A. Find the LCM 6. n = 2341 and k = 8 9. Hexadecimal 21DE3 to
1. 120 and 135 7. n = 23456 and k = 16 base-10
2. 445 and 1125 10. Hexadecimal
3. 864 and 1296 C. Change the following 14AFCO to octal
number system. (note: change to base-10
B. Number System 8. Binary 101100001 to then to octal)
4. n = 2568 and k = 10 base-10 number
5. n = 5522 and k = 2
LESSON 5 - ELEMENTARY LOGIC
>>Philosophy
-Philosophia
-Philo - loving
-Sophia - wisdom
-Love of wisdom
-The study of ideas about knowledge, truth, reality, the nature and meaning of life.
>>Logic
-A proper or reasonable way of thinking about or understanding something.
>>Propositions
-A statement which is either true or false but not both.
-A declarative sentence.
Example:
Identify whether the following sentences is a proposition or not and tell which are true and
which are false? If it is false, state why?
1. 9 is a prime number.
2. 5 + 3 = 8
3. 3 is an odd integer.
2 2
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 0
5. Quezon City was once the capital of the Philippines.
6. 10＞ − 3
7. 12 ÷ 4 = 3
8. 3 is an integer
9. Who are you talking to?
10. Read this sentence carefully.
11. 𝑥 + 4 = 7
12. 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑤
Logical Operators
1. Negation
-A statement is a negation of another if the word is not introduced in the negative statement.
-Let P be a proposition. The negation of P is "not P" or ¬P.
TRUTH TABLE:
P P
T F
F T
Self note:
-this table is a formula where if the proposition is TRUE, make it FALSE in your ANSWER,
IF proposition is FALSE, make it so that the proposition would be TRUE in your ANSWER.
Example:
1. 5 is positive.
2. √2 is a rational number.
3. 6 is an odd number.
4. Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
5. Today is Monday.
1.) 5 is positive. T
ANSWER:
¬𝑃 ; (not P);
5 is not positive. F
2.) √2 is a rational number. F
¬𝑃 ; √2 is not a rational number. T
3.) 6 is an odd number. F
6 is not an odd number.
4.) Manila is the capital of the Philippines. T
Manila is not the capital of the Philippines. F
5.) Today is Monday.
2. Logical Connectives (Mathematics)
-Conjunction - English equivalent.
-The most common conjunctions in mathematics are "and" and "or".
- “and” is ∧ - math: conjunction
- “or” is ∨ - math: disjunction
TRUTH TABLE:
P Q P∧Q P∨Q
F F F F
F T F T
T F F T
T T T T
Examples:
1.) P: 2 is an even number.T
Q: 3 is an odd integer. T
P∧Q: 2 is an even numberand 3 is an odd integer. T
P∨Q: 2 is an even number or 3 is an odd integer. T
2.) P: 3 divides 9.T
Q: 3 divides 15. T
P∧Q: 3 divides 9 and 3 divides 15 T
P∨Q: 3 divides 9 or 3 divides 15 T
3.) P: √4 is a rational number. T
Q: √2 is not a rational number. T
P∧Q: √4 is a rational number and √2 is not a rational number. T
P∨Q: √4 is a rational number or √2 is not a rational number. T
3. Implications
>Suppose P and Q are propositions. The proposition P ⇒ Q or P → Q
( read as “ if P, then Q)
-P is called the premise.
-Q is called the conclusion.
Other ways of reading P ⇒ Q are:
1. P implies Q
2. Q if P
3. Q is implied by P
4. Q only if P
TRUTH TABLE:
P Q P⇒Q
F F T
F T T
T F F
T T T
Example:
2
P: 35 = 7 F
Q: 7 is an irrational number F
P ⟶ Q; If P, then Q.
2
If 35 = 7, then 7 is an irrational number. T
Example:(other types of implication?)
1. If all men are mortal then Mario is mortal. (logical implication)
2. If this polygon is a quadrilateral then it has four sides. ( Definitional implication)
3. If today is Monday then tomorrow is Tuesday. (Sequential implication)
4. If sugar is placed in water then it will dissolve. ( Causal implication)
Biconditional or bi implication
-Denoted by ⟺ (iff)
-P ⟺ Q “read as P if and only if Q❞
-The statement P ⟺ Q is true if and only if both P and Q are either both true or both false.
-P ⟷ Q
Example:
1. The curve is a circle if and only if the curve is equidistant to a point.
P:
Q:
2. The polygon is a triangle if and only if it has three sides.
P
Q
3. 68, 295 is divisible by 15 if and only if 58,295 is divisible by 3 and 5.
P
Q
Example:
Write the following in symbolic form using P, Q and R for statements and symbols ¬, ∧, ∨,
⇒, ↔ where
P: Pres. Marcos is a good president.
Q: Government officials are corrupt.
R: People are happy.
1. If Pres. Marcos is a good president, then government officials are not corrupt.
ANSWER: P ⇒ ¬Q
2. If government officials are not corrupt, then the people are happy.
ANSWER: ¬Q ⇒ R
3. If pres. Marcos is a good president and people are happy, then government officials are
not corrupt.
ANSWER: P ∧ R ⇒ ¬Q
4. Pres. Marcos is not a good president if and only if government officials are corrupt and the
people are not happy.
ANSWER: ¬P ⇔ ( Q∧ ¬R )
Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive Suppose P and Q are propositions.
Given the implication P⇒ Q.
-Converse: Q⇒ P
-Inverse: ¬P ⇒¬Q
-Contrapositive: ¬Q⇒¬P
Example:
Give the converse, inverse and contrapositive.
If x is less than 0 then it is negative.
Given the implication P⇒ Q.
-Converse: Q⇒ P
-Inverse: ¬P ⇒¬Q
-Contrapositive: ¬Q⇒¬P
If x is less than 0 then it is negative.
P: x is less than 0
Q: it is negative
Converse: If it is negative then x is less than 0.
Inverse: If x is not less than 0 then it is not negative.
Contrapositive: If it is not negative then x is not less than 0.
PRACTICE
A. Which of these sentences are propositions? What are the truth values of those that are
propositions?
1. Today is Friday.
2. √4 is an even integer.
3. Why should you take discrete mathematics before automata?
4. There is an integer x such that x2 = 4.
5. Do not disturb.
B.
Let P and Q be propositions
P: 4 is a rational number.
Q: √3 is an irrational number. Write each of these propositions as an English sentence:
6. ¬P
7. P ∨ Q
8. P ∧ Q
9. P⇒Q
10. P ⇔ Q
C.
Let P, Q and R be propositions
P: The sun is shining.
Q: It is raining.
R: The ground is wet.
Write each of the following sentences in terms of P, Q, R and logical connectives
11. If it is raining, then the sun is not shining.
12. It is raining and the ground is wet.
13. The ground is wet if and only if it is raining and the sun is shining.
14. The sun is shining or it is raining.
15. The ground is not wet if and only if the sun is shining.
D. Give the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the following implications.
16. If π is an irrational number then
it is a number that goes on forever.
17. If x is the height of a box then it is a positive number.
18. If the year 2020 is a leap year then there has to be 366 days in
that year.
19. If 𝑖 is a complex number then it is not a real number.
20. If x is less than 0 then it is negative.
LESSON 6 - PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING
What is Problem Solving?
-A problem is a situation that confronts the learner, that requires resolution, and for which the
path to the answer is not immediately known.
A good Problem Solver
Famous mathematician, author and teacher Paul Zeitz gives three important traits of a good
problem solver.
He calls it the three Cs:
-Confidence
-Concentration
-Creativity
Equations⊂ 18. 7C ⊂ W
1. 24H = 1D 19. 8S ⊂ SS
2. 7D = 1W 20. 1P = 1000W
12. 12S CZ
3. 52C ⊂ 1D Telephone Number Magic
4. 90D = RA 1. Take your telephone number. Do not
5. 12 i = 1F include the Area Code.
6. 2.2P = 1K Example: 3141592
7. 60M = 1H 2. Multiply the number formed by the first
8. 7W ⊂ W three digits by 8.
9. 64S ⊂ 1CB Example: 314 × 8 = 2512
10. 23 x 2C ⊂ HB 3. Add 1.
11. 26L ⊂ A 4. Multiply by 2500.
12. 12S ⊂ Z 5. Add the number formed by the last four
13. 5T ⊂ 1F digits.
14. 100C = 1P 6. Add the last four-digit number again.
15. 52W ⊂ 1Y 7. Subtract 2500.
16. 1000Y = 1M 8. Divide by 2. What do you get?
17. 212DF = 100DC
“24 GAME”
Use the four numbers and any of the four arithmetic operations to yield a result of 24.
-1,2,3,4 -1,4,4,9
-1,4,1,8 -4,5,8,9
-1,2,2,7 -5,6,6,9
-2,3,4,7 -1,2,2,8
-2,6,6,7 -6,6,6,6
POLYA’S PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
1. Understand the problem.
-What is asked?
-What are the given information?
-Can translate the problem in his or her own word.
2. Devise a plan.
Thinking of strategies like: (including organizing the given information using a list, table or
chart);drawing a diagram; working backwards; looking for pattern; writing equation; guessing
at a possible solution then check if it is valid; T-A-E method
3. Carry out the plan.
4. Review the solution.
EXAMPLE:
-How many different rectangles with an area of one hundred twenty square units can be
formed using unit squares?
Polya's Problem Solving Strategy
1. Understand the problem.
• What is asked? How many different rectangles?
• Given: area of 120 unit square
2. Devise a plan.
A=lxw
3. Carry out the plan.
120 unit square
1x120,2x60, 3x40, 4x30, 5x24, 6x20, 8x15, 10x12 Answer:8
4. Review the solution.
1x120,2x60, 3x40, 4x30, 5x24, 6x20, 8x15, 10x12
-10 x2 -10 =0
0+10=10/2=5+10=15
15+10=25/2=12.5+10=22.5
22.5+10=32.5/2=16.25+10=26.25
Two Types of Reasoning
1. Inductive Reasoning
-Forms a conclusion based on the examination of specific example.
-The conclusion formed is called conjecture.
-Conjecture is an idea that may or may not be correct.
2. Deductive Reasoning
-The process of reaching a general conclusion by applying general assumptions,
procedures, or principles.
Inductive Reasoning
Example:
1. Predict the next number/letter in each of the following list.
a. 5,10,15,20 - multiple of five
b. 1,4,9,16,15 - sum of odd numbers
c. O,T,T,F,F, S, S, E, N, T - first letters of the counting numbers
d. 2,5,10,17,26 - odd numbers
e. QAR, RAS, SAT, TAU,___UAV
f. ELFA, GLHA, ILJA,___ KLLA
Deductive Reasoning
Example 1: Use deductive reasoning to make a conjecture.
Consider the following procedure:
Pick a number. N
Multiply the number by 10 10N
Add 8 to the product 10N+8
Divide the sum by 2 , and Subtract 4. 5N-4
5N
Example 2:
Each of the four friends Donna, Sarah, Nikkie, and Dhanielle, has a different pet ( fish, cat,
dog, and snake). From the following clues, determine the pet of each individual:
a.) Sarah is older than her friend who owns the cat and younger than her friend who owns
the dog.
b.) Nikkie and her friend who owns the snake are both of the same age and are the youngest
members of the group.
c.) Donna is older than her friend who owns the fish.
fish cat dog snake
Donna x X / x
Sarah / X X X
Nikkie X / X x
Dhanielle x x X /
Example 3:
Three volumes of the series Mathematics: Its Content, Methods, and Meaning are on a shelf
with no space between the volumes. Each volume is 1 inch thick without its covers. Each
cover is 1/8 inch thick. A bookworm bores horizontally from the first page of Volume I to the
last page of Volume III. How far does the bookworm travel?
Example 4:
Nine dots are arranged as shown. Is it possible to connect the nine dots with exactly four
lines if you are not allowed to retrace any part of a line and you are not allowed to remove
your pencil from the paper? If it can be done, demonstrate with drawing.
Example 5:
In the following addition problem, each letter represents one of the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, or
9. The leading digits represented by A and B are nonzero digits. What digit is represented by
each letter?
Example 6: - 2,4,6,8,10,12,14
10+10+10=30 - 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,
10+5+5=20 - 0,3,8,15,24,35,?
5+2+2=9 - 2,4,8,16,32,64,?
5+1x10=5+10=15 - 2,3,-4,5,-6,7,-8,9
MDAS
Example 11:
Example 7:
100+100+100=300
3+3+3=9
120+120=240
100+3+120=223
Bridge Problem:
1,2,5,10
A,B,C,D
A,B A,B 2min
A 3mins B
C,D 13min
B 15min Example 12:
A,B,C,D 17mins An online mobile game tournament was
facilitated and begins with 1024 players.
Example 9: Each game has four players, and in each
game, only one winner will advance to the
next round. How many games must be
played to determine the
Winner?
1024/4
Game 1: 256 groups: 256 players
Game 2: 256/4: 64groups: 64 players
Game 3: 64/4: 16 groups: 16players
Game 4: 16/4: 4 groups: 4 players
Example 10: Game 5: 4/4: 1 group : 1 player
A. Use inductive reasoning to predict the
next two numbers in each list.
B. Use deductive reasoning to show that the following procedure produces a perfect cube. (
2 points)
Pick 3 consecutive integers. Multiply these three consecutive integers and then add the
middle integer to the product.
[Link] of four siblings (Edmund, Genalyn, Madelyn, and Sonia) bought four different cars.
One chooses a Honda, a Mitsubishi, a Toyota, and a Suzuki car. From the following clues,
determine which sibling bought which car.
1. Edmund, living alone, stays next door to his sister who bought the Honda car and very
far from his sister who bought the Suzuki car.
. Genalyn, also living alone, is younger than the one who bought the Mitsubishi car and
2
older than her sibling who bought the Toyota car.
3. Madelyn did not like Toyota and Suzuki cars. But she and her sibling, who bought the
Toyota car, live in the same house.
Honda Mitsu Toyota Suzuki
Edmond x / x x
Genalyn x x x /
Madelyn / x x x
Sonia x x / x
D. Brian, Ryan, Ralph, and Jhen were recently elected as the new class officers ( president,
vice president, secretary, treasurer ) of the sophomore class at FCPU. From the following
clues, determine which position each holds.
1. Jhen is younger than the president but older than the treasurer.
2. Brian and the secretary are both the same age, and they are the youngest members of
the group.
3. Ralph and the secretary are next-door neighbors.
P VP S T
Brian x x x /
Ryan x x / x
Ralph / x x x
Jhen x / x x
E. The four children in the Celestino family are Reynaldo, Ramiro, Shakira, and Sasha. The
ages of the two teenagers are 13 and 15. The ages of the younger children are 5 and 7.
From the following clues determine the age of each of the children.
1. Reynaldo is older than Ramiro.
2. Sasha is younger than Shakira.
3. Sasha is 2 years older than Ramiro
4. Shakira is older than Reynaldo
15 13 7 5
Reynaldo x / x x
Ramiro x x x /
Sasha x x / x
Shakira / x x x
F. A Cryptarithm:
S E N D
+ M O R E
M O N E Y
Each letter in the cryptarithm represents one of the digits 0 through 9. The leading digits,
represented by S and M are not zero. Determine which digit is represented by each of the
letters so that the addition is correct.
F. A Cryptarithm:
9 5 6 7
+ 1 O 8 5
1O 6 5 2
End
Goodluck po satin sa test
pag binigyan ng kiss si siminig perfect na agad sa test
