Basic String Functions
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Len()
Returns the length of a string (excluding trailing spaces)
LEFT()
Returns the left part of a string with the specified number of characters
RIGHT()
Returns the right part of a string
SUBSTRING()
Returns part of a string from a specified position
CHARINDEX()
Returns the position of a substring in a string
Trimming and Formatting
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LTRIM()
Removes leading spaces
RTRIM()
Removes trailing spaces
TRIM()
Removes both leading and trailing spaces
REPLACE()
Replaces all occurrences of a substring
REPLICATE()
Repeats a string a given number of times
Case Conversion
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UPPER()
Converts string to uppercase
LOWER()
Converts string to lowercase
String Aggregation
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STRING_AGG()
Combines values from multiple rows into a single string