WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
LIVE STREAMING WITH RECEIVER-BASED PEER-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
Abstract A number of commercial peer-to-peer systems for live streaming have been introduced in recent years. The behavior of these popular systems has been extensively studied in several measurement papers. Due to the proprietary nature of these commercial systems, however, these studies have to rely on a black-box approach, where packet traces are collected from a single or a limited number of measurement points, to infer various properties of traffic on the control and data planes. Although such studies are useful to compare different systems from end-users perspective, it is difficult to intuitively understand the observed properties without fully reverse-engineering the underlying systems. In this paper we describe the network architecture of Zattoo, one of the largest production live streaming providers in Europe at the time of writing, and present a large-scale measurement study of Zattoo using data collected by the provider. To highlight, we found that even when the Zattoo system was heavily loaded with as high as 20,000 concurrent users on a single overlay, the median channel join delay remained less than 2 to 5 seconds, and that, for a majority of users, the streamed signal lags over-the-air broadcast signal by no more than 3 seconds.
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
Existing system When a new peer requests to join an existing peer, it specifies the sub-stream(s) it would like to receive from the existing peer. These sub-streams do not have to be consecutive. Contingent upon availability of bandwidth at existing peers, the receiving peer decides how to multiplex a stream onto its set of neighboring peers, giving rise to our description of the Zattoo live streaming protocol as a receiver-based, peer division multiplexing protocol. The details of peer-division multiplexing are described in Section II-A while the details of how a peer manages sub-stream forwarding and stream reconstruction is described in Section II-B. Receiver-based peer division multiplexing has also been used by the latest version of Cool Streaming peer-to-peer protocol though it differs from Zattoo in its stream management (Section II-B) and adaptive behavior (Section II-C) [4]. To obtain a list of potential neighbors, a joining peer sends out a SEARCH message to a random subset of the existing peers returned by the Rendezvous Server. The sub stream indices is usually represented as a bitmask of n bits, where n is the number of sub-streams defined for the TV channel. Disadvantages
In the beginning, the joining peer will be looking for peering relationships for all sub-
streams and have all the bits in the bitmask turned on.
The SEARCH message contains the sub-stream indices for which this joining peer is
looking for peering relationships.
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
Proposed system Aside from Zattoo, several commercial peer-to-peer systems intended for live streaming have been introduced since 2005, notably PPLive, PPStream, SopCast, TVAnts, and UUSee from China, and Joost, Livestation, Octoshape, and RawFlow from the EU. A large number of measurement studies have been done on one or the other of these systems [7], [10][16]. Many research prototypes and improvements to existing P2P systems have also been proposed and evaluated [4], [17][24]. Our study is unique in that The data sets presented in this paper were collected during the coverage of the championship final on two separate channels: ARD in Germany and Cuatro in Spain. Soccer teams from Germany and Spain participated in the championship final. Advantages
The monitoring clients tuned to game channels from one of Zattoos data centers located in
Switzerland while the games were broadcast live .
we are able to collect network core data from a large production system with over 3 million
registered users with intimate knowledge of the underlying network architecture and protocol.
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
SYSTEM MODELS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT CPU type Clock speed Ram size Hard disk capacity Monitor type Keyboard type : Intel Pentium 4 : 3.0 GHz : 512 MB : 40 GB : 15 Inch color monitor : internet keyboard
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT Operating System: Android Language Back End Documentation : JAVA : SQLite : Ms-Office
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
Modules 1. System scale in overlay size 2. System response during channel switching 3. Effect of packet transmission 4. Effect of peer division multiplexing 5. Effect of global bandwidth 6. Stream Source Experience 7. Effect in isolating packet losses 8. Peer to Peer sharing ratio
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
Module Description System scale in overlay size To minimize per-packet processing time of a stream, the Zattoo protocol sets up a virtual circuit with multiple fan outs at each peer. When a peer joins a TV channel, it establishes a peerdivision multiplexing (PDM). System response during channel switching Once the set of potential neighbors is established, the joining peer sends JOIN requests to each potential neighbor. The JOIN request lists the sub-streams for which the joining peer would like to construct virtual circuit with the potential neighbor. Effect of packet transmission The P2P overlay beyond details obtainable from aggregated session-level statistics, we run several modified Zattoo clients which periodically retrieve the internal states of other participating peers in the network by exchanging SEARCH/JOIN messages with them. Effect of peer division multiplexing To minimize per-packet processing time of a stream, the Zattoo protocol sets up a virtual circuit with multiple fan outs at each peer.
Effect of global bandwidth Each peer on the Zattoo network is assumed to serve a user through a media player, which means that each peer must receive, and can potentially forward, all n sub-streams of the TV channel the user is watching. Stream Source Experience streams progression over time, replacing those sub streams that have fallen behind and reconfiguring the PDM when necessary. In this section we measure the effectiveness of Zattoos Adaptive PDM in selecting sub-streams that are largely in-sync. Effect in isolating packet losses Zattoo-broadcast media streams are RS encoded, which allows peers to reconstruct a full stream once they obtain at least k of n sub-streams. Since the ECC-encoded stream reconstruction occurs hop by hop in the overlay, it can mask sporadic packet losses,
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
Peer to Peer sharing ratio The numbers reported as typical uplink bandwidth in countries where Zattoo is available . Aside from the possibility that users bandwidth may be shared with other applications.
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
State flow diagram
Super node client
Peer viewer
Peer viewer
Peer viewer
Router
Encoding Server
Demultiple xer
Receiver 8
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
SYSTEM MODELS
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
CPU type Clock speed RAM size Hard disk capacity Monitor type Keyboard type CD -drive type
: Intel Pentium 4 : 3.0 GHz : 512 MB : 40 GB : 15 Inch Color Monitor : : Internet Keyboard 52xmax
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
Operating System : Windows XP Front End Back End Documentation : java : SQL Server : Ms-Office
WEBINOVA TECHS | BANGALORE
Conclusion We have presented a receiver-based, peer-division multiplexing engine to deliver live streaming content on a peer-topeer network. The same engine can be used to transparently build a hybrid P2P/CDN delivery network by adding Repeater nodes to the network. By analyzing large amount of usage data collected on the network during one of the largest viewing event in Europe, we have shown that the resulting network can scale to a large number of users and can take good advantage of available uplink bandwidth at peers. We have also shown that error-correcting code and packet retransmission can help improve network stability by isolating packet losses and preventing transient congestion from resulting in PDM reconfigurations. We have further shown that the PDM and adaptive PDM schemes presented have small enough overhead to make our system competitive to digital satellite TV in terms of channel switch time, stream synchronization, and signal lag.
10
