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Discovering Diverse Content Through
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surrounded him, and lastly, tried to understand the arrangements of
the office where he spent so large a portion of his life. This was the
inner circle. The frequenters of the Court and the public characters
with whom he came into occasional contact or knew only from
observation at a distance, formed the outer circle of his life.
Byron, in allusion to the question, “Where is the world?” asked by
Dr. Young at the age of eighty, cried out:—
“Alas!
Where is the world of eight years past? ’Twas there—
I look for it—’tis gone, a globe of glass
Crack’d, shiver’d, vanish’d, scarcely gazed on, ere
A silent change dissolves the glittering mass.
Statesmen, Chiefs, Orators, Queens, Patriots, Kings,
And Dandies, all are gone on the wind’s wings.”
Yet we may point to the pages of Pepys’s “Diary,” and say that
there the globe is still whole, and that there men and women of
nearly three times eighty years ago live and move before our eyes.
In taking leave of the official, the gossip, the musician, and the
man of letters, I can only express the hope that these pages may be
found a useful companion to one of the most interesting books in
the English language.
 APPENDIX.

I. Portraits of Samuel Pepys.

II. The Schemes of Alexander Marchant, Sieur de St. Michel (Mrs.
Pepys’s Father).
III. Pepys’s Manuscripts at Oxford.
IV. Musical Instruments.
V. Pepys’s Correspondents.
VI. List of the Officers of the Navy.
VII. Plays which Pepys saw Acted.
 APPENDIX I.

PORTRAITS OF SAMUEL PEPYS.

AINTINGS BY
1. Savill (a painter in Cheapside). 1661. See “Diary,” Nov.
23.
Jan. 6, 1661–62: “I sent my lute to the Paynter’s, and there I
staid with him all the morning to see him paint the neck of my
lute in my picture, which I was not pleased with after it was
done.”
Pepys appears to have sat to this same painter for a miniature or
“picture in little,” which cost £3. See “Diary,” Feb. 20, 1661–62, June
11, 1662.
Jan. 28, 1661–62: “The Paynter, though a very honest man, I
found to be very silly as to matter of skill in shadows, for we
were long in discourse, till I was almost angry to hear him talk
so simply.”
2. John Hales. 1666.
 March 17, 1666: “This day I began to sit, and he will make
me, I think, a very fine picture. He promises it shall be as good
as my wife’s, and I sit to have it full of shadows, and do almost
break my neck looking over my shoulder to make the posture for
him to work by.”
March 30, 1666: “To Hales’s, and there sat till almost quite
darke upon working my gowne, which I hired to be drawn in: an
Indian gown.”
April 11, 1666: “To Hales’s, where there was nothing to be
found to be done more to my picture, but the musique, which
now pleases me mightily, it being painted true.”
This picture was bought by Peter Cunningham, at the sale of the
Pepys Cockerell collection in 1848, and it was purchased by the
trustees of the National Portrait Gallery in 1866. The eyes look at the
spectator, and the face is turned three-quarters to the left. The
music is Pepys’s own song, “Beauty Retire.”
“There is a similar picture belonging to Mr. Hawes, of
Kensington, which Mr. Scharf, the Keeper of the National Portrait
Gallery, thinks is either a replica or a good old copy.”—Rev.
Mynors Bright’s edition of the “Diary,” vol. iii. p. 423 (note).
Walpole mentions Hales in his “Anecdotes of Painting,” and says
that he lived in Southampton Street, Bloomsbury, and died there
suddenly in 1679.
3. Sir Peter Lely. Pepysian Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge.
4. Sir Godfrey Kneller. Andrew Pepys Cockerell, Esq. This picture
was lent to the First Special Exhibition of National Portraits, 1866,
and was numbered 950.
5. Sir Godfrey Kneller. The Royal Society.
6. Sir Godfrey Kneller. Hall of Magdalene College, Cambridge.
7. A small portrait attributed to Kneller, representing a seated
figure; with a globe in one corner, and a guitar (or lute) and
compasses on a table, and a ship in the distance at sea. Mr. Scharf
suggests the possibility of this being the portrait by Savill described
above (No. 1), and this suggestion seems highly probable. Mrs.
Frederick Pepys Cockerell.
8. Anonymous. 1675.
“The picture is beyond praise; but causes admiration in all that
see it. Its posture so stately and magnificent, and it hits so
naturally your proportion and the noble air of your face, that I
remain immovable before it hours together,” &c. T. Hill to Pepys,
Lisbon, July 1, 1675.—Smith’s “Life of Pepys,” vol. i. p. 161.
9. The picture by Verrio at Christ’s Hospital, of James II. on his
throne receiving the mathematical pupils of the school, contains a
portrait of Pepys. The original drawing for the picture by Verrio is in
the possession of Andrew Pepys Cockerell, Esq.

ENGRAVINGS BY
1. Robert White. Kneller, painter. Portrait in a carved oval frame,
bearing inscription SAM. PEPYS. CAR. ET. JAC. ANGL. REGIB. A.
SECRETIS. ADMIRALIÆ. Motto under the frame, “Mens cujusque is
est quisque.” Large book-plate.
2. Robert White. Kneller, painter. Portrait in an oval medallion on a
scroll of paper. Motto over his head, “Mens cujusque is est quisque;”
underneath the same inscription as on No. 1. Small book-plate.
These two engravings are described by Granger.
3. J. Bragg. Kneller, painter. Frontispiece to vol. i. of the first
edition of the “Diary,” 1825 (4to.). “From the original in the
possession of S. P. Cockerell.” Picture described as No. 7, now in the
possession of Mrs. Frederick Pepys Cockerell.
4. J. Bragg. Kneller, painter. Frontispiece to vol. i. of the second
edition of the “Diary,” 1828; much worn in the third edition, 1848.
“From the original picture in the possession of S. P. Cockerell.”
Picture described as No. 4, now in the possession of Andrew Pepys
Cockerell, Esq.
5. W. C. Edwards. Kneller, painter. Frontispiece to vol. i. of the
fourth edition of the “Diary,” 1854. From the same original as the
preceding article.
6. Charles Wass. Walker, painter. In Smith’s “Life, Journals, and
Correspondence of Pepys,” vol. i. 1841, said to be in the collection of
the Royal Society, but this is a mistake.

PHOTOGRAPHS.
1. From the portrait by Kneller (No. 4), series of photographs
published by the South Kensington Museum under the
superintendence of the Council of the Arundel Society.
2. From Edwards’s engraving of Kneller’s Portrait, “Diary,” ed.
Mynors Bright, vol. i. 1875.
3. From Hales’s Portrait (No. 2), “Diary,” ed. Mynors Bright, vol. iii.
1876.

BUST.
The following extracts from the “Diary” refer to a bust which was
made for Pepys:—
Feb. 10, 1668–69: “So to the plaisterer’s at Charing Cross that
casts heads and bodies in plaister: and there I had my whole
face done; but I was vexed first to be forced to daub all my face
over with pomatum: but it was pretty to feel how soft and easily
it is done on the face, and by and by, by degrees how hard it
becomes, that you cannot break it, and sits so close, that you
cannot pull it off, and yet so easy, that it is as soft as a pillow so
safe is everything where many parts of the body do bear alike.
Thus was the mould made; but when it came off there was little
pleasure in it, as it looks in the mould, nor any resemblance
whatever there will be in the figure when I come to see it cast
off.”
Feb. 15, 1668–69: “To the plaisterer’s, and there saw the
figure of my face taken from the mould: and it is most admirably
like, and I will have another made, before I take it away.”
 APPENDIX II.

THE SCHEMES OF ALEXANDER MARCHANT, SIEUR

DE ST. MICHEL (MRS. PEPYS’S FATHER.)
HE unpractical schemes of Mons. St. Michel are alluded to
on pages 7–8 of this book, but the editors of the “Diary”
have taken no pains to obtain any information respecting
him, and his name even does not appear in the “Diary.”
Lord Braybrooke suggests, without any justification for the
suggestion, that Mrs. Pepys’s mother had married again (see “Diary,”
March 29th, 1667).
Pepys was wrong in the date of the patent, which is numbered
138, and Sir Edward Ford’s name does not appear in it. Sir John
Colladon, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, was
naturalized by Charles II., and appointed one of the Physicians to
the Queen.
St. Michel’s name evidently puzzled the man who drafted the
patent. The following is a copy of the original patent:—
“Charles the Second, by the grace of God, &c., to all to whom these
p’sents shall come, greeting
“Whereas we are informed that John Colladon, Doctor in Phisicke,
and Alexander Marchant, of St. Michall, have, with much paines and
charge, found “A way to p’vent and cure the Smoakeing of Chimneys, either
by stopping the Tunnell Top, and altering the former Course of
towards the
the Smoake, or by setting Tunnells With Checke within the Chimneyes;” w
ch

Invenc̃on soe found out as aforesaid was never publickly exercised

or made vse of in anie of our kingdomes or dominions: And whereas
the said John Colladon and Alexander Marchant have humbly
besought vs for their better incouragemt to exercise and put in
practice the said Invenc̃on, that wee would be gratiously pleased to
graunt vnto them, the said Joh. Colladon and Alexander Marchant,
our Lr̃es Patents of Priviledge for the sole vse and benifitt thereof,
for the time and terme of fowerteene yeares, according to the
statute in that case made and provided.
“Nowe knowe ye, therefore, that we, of our princely inclinac̃on,
being willing to incourage and promote works of this nature, and to
give all due and fitting incouragemt to the inventers of such arts as
may be of publicke vse and benifitt, of our especiall grace, certeine
knowledge, and meere moc̃on, and vpon the humble petic̃on of the
said John Colladon and Alexander Marchant, have given and
graunted, and by these p’sents, for vs, our heyres and successors,
doe give and graunt vnto the said John Colladon and Alexander
Marchant, their executors, administrators, and assignes, speciall
licence, full power, priviledge, and authoritie, that they and every of
them, by themselves, their or anie of their deputie or deputies,
servants, workmen, or assignes, at all times and from time to time
hereafter, dureing the terme of yeares hereafter in these p’sents
expressed, shall and lawfully may vse, exercise, imploy, and enioy
the said newe Invenc̃on in and throughout all our realmes and
dominions, and every or anie of them, in such manner as to them or
anie or either of them, in their or anie of their discrec̃ons shall
seeme meet, and shall and may have and enioy the sole benifitt and
advantage comeing or ariseing by reason thereof, dureing the terme
of yeares hereby graunted; and to the end, the said John Colladon
and Alexander Marchant, their executors, administrators, and
assignes, and every of them, may the better enioy the full and whole
benifitt and the sole vse and exercise of the Invenc̃on aforesaid, wee
doe by these p’sents, for vs, our heyres and successors, require and
streightly cōmaund all and every person and persons, bodyes
politicke and corporate, of whatsoever qualitie or degree, name or
addic̃on, they be, that neither they nor anie of them, dureing the
terme of yeares hereby graunted, either directly or indirectly, doe or
shall vse or put in practice the said Invenc̃on, soe by the said John
Colladon and Alexander Marchant attained vnto or invented as
aforesaid, nor doe or shall counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the
same, nor doe or shall make anie addition therevnto, or substracc̃on
from the same, whereby to p’tend themselves the inventors or
devisors thereof, without the licence, consent, or agreement of the
said John Colladon and Alexander Marchant, their executors,
administrators, or assignes, in writeing vnder their hands and seales,
first had and obteined in that behalfe, vpon such paines and
penalties as can or may be inflicted vpon such offendors for their
contempt of this our cōmaund in that behalfe, and further to be
answerable to the said John Colladon and Alexander Marchant, their
executors, and administrators, and assignes, according to lawe and
justice, for their damages thereby susteined; to have and to hold all
the said licences, powers, privileges, and authorities hereby
graunted as aforesaid vnto them, the said John Colladon and
Alexander Marchant, for & dureing the terme of fowerteene yeares
from the makeing of these p’sentꝬ next ensueing, and fully to be
compleate and ended, according to the statute in such case made
and provided. And further, wee doe by these p’sents, for vs, our
heyres and successors, give and graunt vnto the said John Colladon
and Alexander Marchant, their executors, administrators, and
assignes, full power and authoritie that they and every of them,
their, every or anie of theyr deputies, servantꝬ, and agents, or anie
of them, haveing first obteined a warrant in this behalfe from the
Lord Cheife Justice of the Courte of King’s Bench for the time being,
may, with the assistance of a constable or anie other lawfull officer,
at convenient times in the day, dureing the terme aforesaid, and in
lawfull manner, enter into and make search in anie houses or other
places where there shall be iust cause of suspic̃on, for discovering
and findeing out all such persons as shall, within the terme of
fowerteene yeares aforesaid, imitate or cause to be imitated, or shall
vse or put in practize the said Invenc̃on, by the said John Colladon
and Alexander Marchant invented and found out as aforesaid, that
soe such offenders may be proceeded agt, and punished according
to theyr demeritts, and theyr invenc̃ons and works tending to the
ends aforesaid then and there found, to be seized upon, broken in
peeces, and defaced, and the materialls thereof left in the hands and
custodie of some constable or officer, to be disposed in such manner
and forme as wee, our heyres and successors, shall from time to
time direct and appoint. And further, wee doe by these p’sens, for vs,
our heyres and successors, will, authorize, and require all and
singuler justices of the peace, mayors, sheriffes, bayliffes,
constables, headboroughes, and all other officers and ministers
whatsoever, of vs, our heyres and successors, for the time being,
that they and every of them respectively, be from time to time
dureing the said terme hereby graunted, in theyr respective places,
favouring, aydeing, helping, and assisting vnto the said John
Colladon and Alexander Marchant, theyr executors, administrators,
and assigns, and to theyr and every of their deputy and deputies,
servantꝬ and agents, in and by all things in and about the
accomplishment of our will and pleasure herein declared, and in the
exercise and execuc̃on of the powers and privileges herein and
hereby graunted, or menc̃oned to be graunted, as aforesaid. And
moreover, wee will and cōmaund by these p’sents, for vs, our heyres
and successors, that our said officers and ministers, or anie of them,
doe not molest, trouble, or interrupt the said John Colladon and
Alexander Marchant, or either of them, theyr or either of theyr
executors, administrators, or assignes, or theyr or either of theyr
deputie or deputies, servants, or agents, or anie of them, in or about
the use or exercise of the said Invenc̃on, or in any matter or thing
concerneing the same. Provided alwayes, that if at anie tyme
dureing the said terme of fowerteene yeares, it shall be made
appeare vnto vs, our heyres or successors, that this our graunt is
contrary to lawe, or p’iudiciall or inconvenient, and not of publicke
vse or benifitt, then vpon significac̃on and declarac̃on thereof to be
made by vs, our heyres or successors, these our Lr̃es Patents shall
forthwith cease, determine, and be vtterly voyde to all intents and
purposes, and the same not to be vsed, exercised, or imployed, anie
thing herein-before menc̃oned to the contrary notwithstanding.
Provided further, that in case it shall be found or made appeare that
the said Invenc̃on is not a newe Invenc̃on of the said John Colladon
and Alexander Marchant, as to the publicke vse and exercise thereof
within this our kingdome of England, then at all tymes from
thenceforth these p’sents shall cease, determine, and be voyde, anie
thing in these p’sents before conteined to the contrary
notwithstanding. Provided alsoe, that these our Lr̃es Patents, or anie
thing herein conteined, shall not extend, or be construed to extend,
to give priviledge to the said John Colladon and Alexander Marchant,
or either of them, their or either of theyr executors, administrators,
or assignes, or anie of them, to vse, or imitate any invenc̃on or
worke found out or invented by anie other person or persons, and
publickly exercised within these our said relmes, or anie the
dominions or territories therevnto belonging, vnto whom wee have
alreadie graunted our like Lr̃es Patents of Priviledge for the sole vse,
exercise, and benifitt thereof; it being our will and pleasure that the
said John Colladon and Alexander Merchant, their executors,
administrators, and assignes, and all and singuler other person and
persons to whom we have alreadie graunted our like Lr̃es PatentꝬ of
Priviledge as aforesaid, shall distinctly vse and practize their severall
Invenc̃ons by them invented and found out, according to the true
intent and meaneing of the said severall and respective Lr̃es Patents,
and of these p’sents. And lastly, wee doe by these p’sents, for vs, our
heyres and successors, graunt vnto the said John Colladon and
Alexander Merchant, their executors, administrators, and assignes,
that these our Lr̃es Patents, or the inrollmt thereof, shall be in and by
all things good, valid, sufficient, and effectuall in the lawe, according
to the true intent & meaneing thereof, and shall be taken, construed,
and adiudged most favourable and benificiall for the best benifitt and
advantage of the said John Colladon and Alexander Marchant, theyr
executors, administrators, and assignes, aswell in all courts of record
as elsewhere, notwithstanding the not full and certeine describeing
the manner and quality of the said Invenc̃on, or of the mat’ialls
thereof, or of the true and certeine vse and benifitt thereof, and
notwithstanding anie other defecte, incerteintyes, or imperfecc̃ons in
these p’sents conteined, or anie act, statute, ordinance, provision,
proclamac̃on, or restreint to the contrary thereof, in anie wise
notwithstanding.
“In witnes, &c. Witnes the King at Westm̃ , the
“Second day of May.
“Ꝑ br̃e de privat. sigill.,” &c.

In 1665 St. Michel was again anxious for a patent. The following is
a copy of a petition preserved among the State Papers in the Record
Office:—
“To the Kings most Excellt Matie.
“The humble petic̃ion of Major Allexandr Marchant aꝉs de St.
Michell upon the River Couanon neare the Towne of Bauge in Anjou
in France Esqe. Sheweth—
“That yor petr hath invented the two following publick
conveniences, first, for a generall forme how to keepe alwayes cleare
water in ponds to wash horses, sweete & with as little Mudd in the
bottome as the Owner thereof shall wish, if hee follow the direct
modell of yor Mte petr so being no Mudd Stincks (as now it is) a horse
may safely bee washed in it & drinke there. Fire with it may be
extinguished if accidents should happen, the stirring then being not
noysome wch now is so much, that in Somer time may cause an
increase of the plague. All which Evills may bee prevented with as
little charge to the owner as in the old fashion, so great
inconveniences are (by the filthiness of these waters) contracted to
horses with losses both to rich & poore especially those of the Army
although Farriers for their gains, Ostlers to save themselves a Labour
of going to the River doth mainteyne stincking water good to heale
horses, but are convinced by the Argumt: That the King having
nowhere (as his Mty may) the most stinking ponds to wash his Mte
horses (if that were good) that through the Three Kingdomes by
Rivers side & other sweete water where horses doe goe to Drink, no
such corrupt ponds are erected to enter them in it, coming out of
the cleare water.
“All these things considered of yr Mtie yr petr beseecheth yor
Royall pleasure for a patent for this publick goode for 14 years
that hee may manifest it. And that yr Mtie bee pleased to have
incerted in the said patent that nobody whatsoever may not for
the space of the said 14 yeares use the said invention without
your petr Lycense under his hand & Seal or the hand & Seale of
his Deputyes in any part of yor Mte Dominions, wherein many
ponds for cattle being so full of Mudd that there remaineth no
room for water, without often great charges or Labour ill spent,
Fish ponds also may bee so ordered. And that your petr may
find no obsticle in receiving what hee shall contract for, with the
severall partyes who shall make use of his said Modell.
“Your petr further sheweth as to his second publick Convenience
That hee hath also invented, That by Moulding (or by rubbing bricks
ready made in a Mould of ruffe Stone) to any proportion of externall
ornamt for building as that being sooner ready then them that wich
are carved & with great wast, Labour, time & cost spent.
“Your Mties petr: humbly desires yor Royall Graunt also for it,
And that it may bee inserted in the recited patent, that nobody
may make none, nor cause none to bee made by yr petrs
Invention of what proporc̃on or Figure whatsoever to bee
moulded or rubbed, but by Lycence of yor petr: in the space of
the said 14 yeares the patent also bearing what forfeiture yor
Mate may thinke just, & as also for the former demand that the
 discoverers of Transgressing, yor Mate patent agt: this publick
good may find some encouragemt.
“And yor petr shall pray,” &c.

The petition was referred to the Attorney-General.

“Att ye Court at Whitehall, June 2, 1665.

“His Maty is graciously pleased to referre this Petic̃on to Mr.
Attorney Genrall to consider of this petitioners suit & ye nature of ye
invencon, & to certify his Mty what his Opinion is upon it. And then
his Mty will be glad to signify his further Pleasure for ye encouragemt
of a publicke Good.
“ARLINGTON.”

The Attorney-General reported as follows:—

“May it please yor most Excellent Majty.
“In obedience to yor Majties referrence I have considered of
this petic̃on, & conferred with the petr thereopon. And in case the
perticulers therein menc̃oned to bee invented by him bee new
Invenc̃ons (as for any thing yett appeareing to mee they are) Yor
Majty, if soe graciously pleased, may grant the peticonr the sole use
& benefitt thereof for fourteene yeares according to the statute in
that behalfe made.
“And such Grants usually have a provisor therein which render the
same void in case the thing granted bee not a new Invention within
the meaneing of that statute.
“Which I humbly submitt to yor Majties further pleasure.
“G. PALMER.”
 The result was a warrant for a patent.

“St. Michel’s Invenc̃on.

“Whereas Major Alexander Mercht aꝉs St. Michaell has by his
long travailes, study, paines, & charges found out an invenc̃on or
way for to keep ye water that is in ponds wherein people wash their
horses & in other ponds wholsome sweet & with little or noe mudd
in ye botome as also a way for ye moulding, grinding or rubbing of
bricks in any forme or shape wtsoever fit for the internall & externall
ornamt of any buildings within any of these Our Dominions. And
whereas the sd. Alex. Marchant aꝉs St. Michael hath humbly besought
us yt Wee would bee graciously pleased to grant unto him Our Lr̃es
Patents of licence & priviledge for ye sole use & benefit of his
severall Invenc̃ons for ye terme of 14 yeares according to ye statute
in such case made & provided. Our &c: containing our Grant, licence
or priviledge unto ye sd Alexander Merchant aꝉs St. Michael of ye sole
use & benefit of his sd s̃rall invenc̃ons within these Our Realmes &
Dominions for ye terme of 14 yeares according to ye statute in yt
behalfe made with such powers clauses & provisoes as are usually
incerted in grants of like nature.

“Snd. &c. ye 7th of July, 1665.

“To Our Attorney Genr̃all.
ARLINGTON.”

Not contented with curing smoky chimneys, purifying water, and

moulding bricks, St. Michel proposed in 1667 to raise submerged
ships, and to prevent others from being submerged.
 “Propositions dedicated to the King by Alex. Marchant, Sieur de St.
Michel sur Couanon les Bauges, in Anjou, Captain and Major of
English troops in Italy and Flanders, offering to show that he can
draw up all submerged ships; can prevent others from being
submerged; has discovered King Solomon’s gold and silver mines,
much vaster than those discovered by Columbus, and now much
fuller than they were in that King’s time. He wishes to satisfy His
Majesty on his first proposition, lest the other should be deemed
unworthy an audience.”—Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1667,
pp. 252–3.

What a curious comment upon this statement of the discovery of

gold and silver mines is to be found in the following extract from the
“Diary”:—

March 29, 1667: “4s. a week which his (Balty St. Michel’s) father
receives of the French Church is all the subsistence his father and
mother have, and about 20l. a year maintains them.”
 APPENDIX III.

PEPYS’S MANUSCRIPTS AT OXFORD.

HAPTER V. p. 82.—Pepys’s manuscripts in the Rawlinson
Collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, are very fully
described in the “Oxford Catalogue of Manuscripts,” and
the Rev. W. D. Macray’s Index to the same. Besides the
letters from various persons which are noted further on in the list of
Pepys’s correspondents, are a large number of copies of letters from
Pepys himself. The other papers are described as (1) Naval and
Official, (2) Personal and Miscellaneous. In the first class are various
notes on the state of the navy at different periods, questions
respecting shipbuilding, memorials, minutes, and reports. In the
second class are accounts of expenses, bonds, inventories, lists of
books, &c.; and in both classes are papers of considerable interest
for the purpose of elucidating the particulars of Pepys’s life. Besides
the above there are papers relating to other members of the family.
 APPENDIX IV.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
HAPTER V. p. 98.—The following notice of old musical
instruments will help to illustrate some of Pepys’s allusions:
—
“The lute about three hundred years ago was almost as popular as
is at the present day the pianoforte. Originally it had eight thin
catgut strings arranged in four pairs, each being tuned in unison; so
that its open strings produced four tones; but in the course of time,
more strings were added. Until the sixteenth century twelve was the
largest number, or rather, six pairs. Eleven appear for some centuries
to have been the most usual number of strings: these produced six
tones, since they were arranged in five pairs and a single string. The
latter, called the chanterelle, was the highest. According to Thomas
Mace, the English lute in common use during the seventeenth
century had twenty-four strings, arranged in twelve pairs, of which
six pairs ran over the finger-board and the other six by the side of it.
This lute was therefore, more properly speaking, a theorbo. The
neck of the lute, and also of the theorbo, had frets consisting of
catgut strings tightly fastened round it at the proper distances
required for ensuring a chromatic succession of intervals.... The lute
was made of various sizes according to the purpose for which it was
intended in performance. The treble lute was of the smallest
dimensions, and the bass lute of the largest. The theorbo, or double-
necked lute, which appears to have come into use during the
sixteenth century, had, in addition to the strings situated over the
finger-board, a number of others running at the left side of the
finger-board, which could not be shortened by the fingers, and
which produced the bass tones. The largest kinds of theorbo were
the archlute and the chitarrone.
“The most popular instruments played with a bow at that time
[1659] were the treble-viol, the tenor-viol and the bass-viol. It was
usual for viol players to have ‘a chest of viols,’ a case containing four
or more viols of different sizes. Thus Thomas Mace, in his directions
for the use of the viol, ‘Musick’s Monument,’ 1676, remarks: ‘Your
best provision and most complete, will be a good chest of viols six in
number, viz., two basses, two tenors, and two trebles, all truly and
proportionably suited.’ The violist, to be properly furnished with his
requirements, had therefore to supply himself with a larger stock of
instruments than the violinist of the present day.
“That there was, in the time of Shakespeare, a musical instrument
called recorder is undoubtedly known to most readers from the
stage-direction in ‘Hamlet’: ‘Re-enter players with recorders.’ But not
many are likely to have ever seen a recorder, as it has now become
very scarce.”—Engel’s Musical Instruments (S. K. M. Art Handbooks),
pp. 114–119.
 APPENDIX V.

PEPYS’S CORRESPONDENTS.
HAPTER VII.—The following is a list of those friends and
acquaintances whose letters to Pepys are still extant. The
greater proportion of the letters are at Oxford, but some
printed in the “Diary” are at Cambridge.
[The date is that of the letter. B. affixed shows that the MS. is in the Bodleian
Library; S. that the letter is printed in Smith’s “Life, &c., of Pepys;” and P. that it is
printed in the Correspondence attached to the “Diary.”]

Ackworth, William, Storekeeper in Woolwich Dockyard, 1664. B.

Agar, Thomas, 1679–87. B.
Ailesbury, Robert Bruce, Earl of, 1684. B.
Alberville, Marquis d’ [otherwise White], 1687. B.
Alcock, Thomas, Master Caulker at Portsmouth, 1682–6. B.
Allais, Denise d’, 1680. B.
Andrewes, Sir Matthew, 1686–87. B.
Andrews, Thomas, Contractor for the Victualling of Tangier, 1664. B.
Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of, 1672. B., S.
Atkins, Samuel. B.
Aylmer, Lieut. George, 1677–78. B.
Baesh, Sir Edward, 1689. B., S. (spelt Beash).
Bagwell, William, Carpenter of H.M.S. “The Prince,” 1668, 1681. B.
Banks, C., 1678. B.
Banks, Sir John, 1672–9. B.
Barlow, Thomas, Clerk of the Acts, 1660–1. B.
Barrow, Philip, Storekeeper at Chatham, 1663. B.
Barry, James, 1678. B.
Bastinck, Francis, 1674, 1679. B.
Batelier, Joseph, Clerk in the Navy Office, 1681–83. B.
Battine, Edward, Clerk of the Survey at Portsmouth, 1687. B.
Beach, Sir Richard, 1677–88. B.
Beane, R., 1682. B.
Beaumont, Basil, Midshipman in the “Phœnix,” 1687. B.
Bedford, Thomas, Deputy-Registrar of the Admiralty, 1687. B.
Belasyse, John, Lord, 1675. B.
Berkeley, John, 3rd Lord, of Stratton, 1678. B., P.
Bernard, Sir John, 1677. B.
Berry, Sir John, 1674–87. B.
Berry, Captain Thomas, 1673. B.
Bertie, Peregrine, 1688. B.
Betts, Isaac, Master Shipwright at Portsmouth Dockyard. B.
Bibaud, Henry, 1686–7. B.
Bickerstaffe, Sir Charles, 1685–88. B.
Bland, Mrs. Sa., 1664. B.
Blathwayt, William, Secretary to James II., afterwards Clerk of the
Council and Secretary at War, 1687. B.
Bodham, W., of Woolwich Ropeyard, 1665–71. B.
Bolland, Captain Richard, 1676–7. B.
Booth, Sir William, Captain of H.M.S. “Adventure,” and Commissioner
of the Navy, 1679–88. B.
Bounty, Captain John, 1680. B.
Bourk, William, Purser, 1687. B.
Bowles, George, 1681. B.
Bowles, Phineas, 1680–9. B.
Brisbane, John, 1679. B.
Brooke, Sir Robert, 1667. B.
Brouncker, William, Lord, 1667. B., P.
Browne, Captain John, afterwards a Cutler, 1682. B.
Browne, John, Alderman and Mayor of Harwich, 1689. B.
Bulkeley, Lord, 1687. B.
Bulteel, P., 1687. B.
Bunce, Stephen, 1676. B.
Burchett, Josiah, 1687–8. B., P., S.
Burton, Dr. Hezekiah, 1677. B., P.
Butler, Sir Nicholas, 1688. B.
Canham, Ambrose, 1684. B.
Carteret, Sir Philip, 1686–7. B., S.
Chamberlayne, C., 1687. B.
Chardin, Sir John, 1687. B.
Charlett, Dr. A., 1700–2. P.
Chetwood, K., 1687. B.
Chicheley, Sir John, 1673. B., S.
Child, John, 1680. B.
Child, Sir Josiah, 1673. B.
Churchill, Captain George, 1688. B.
Clarendon, Henry, 2nd Earl of, 1700–1. P.
Clutterbuck, Sir Thomas, 1671. B., S.
Colinge, Richard. B.
Compton, Dr. Henry, Bishop of London, 1691. P.
Cooke, Thomas, 1687. B.
Copleston, Sir John, 1679. B.
Corie, Thomas, 1675. B.
Cotton, Captain Andrew, 1687. B.
Coventry, Sir William, 1664–76. B. 1665, 1673. P.
Cowse, William, 1688. B.
Cramporne, Thomas, 1674. B.
Creed, John, 1667–87. B.
Custis, Edmund, 1675. B.
Cuttance, Sir Roger, 1667. B.
Dartmouth, George Legge, Lord, 1683–4. B., P. 1684–89. S.
Deane, Sir Anthony, 1666–89. B. 1689. S.
Delaune, Dr. W., 1702. P.
Denise, Claude, Secretary to the Consistory of the Savoy, 1679–81.
B.
Dering, Sir Edward, 1687–8. B.
Des Glereaux, Paul Thevenin Sieur, 1680. B.
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