Oracle 1Z0-184-25 - Perguntas e Respostas (Corrigido)

. Which primary risk exists when deleting vector embeddings from a table?

A. It forces existing embeddings to be normalized once again.

B. It requires a full reconfiguration of the vector storage schema.
C. It may disrupt precomputed search indexes affecting query accuracy.
D. It prevents the database from inserting new vectors efficiently.

Answer: C

Which Oracle feature enhances performance when generating vector embeddings at

scale?

A. SQL queries with nested subqueries for embedding transformations

B. Regular indexing methods designed for structured relational data
C. Row-based storage optimization for faster retrieval operations
D. Oracle Autonomous Database for optimizing ML model execution

Answer: D

What should be considered when importing vector data using Oracle Data Pump?

A. Applying query-driven transformations before data loading

B. Properly defining storage structures to match embedding size
C. Compressing vector embeddings before database insertion
D. Using AI-based indexing strategies for faster retrieval

Answer: B

Which of the following distance metrics is commonly used in Oracle AI Vector Search
to measure vector similarity?

A. Euclidean Distance
B. Jaccard Index
C. Pearson Correlation
D. Manhattan Distance

Answer: A
What is a fundamental reason for using fixed-length vectors in AI-driven search
systems?

A. They ensure uniformity for indexing and efficient distance calculations.

B. They improve database normalization by enforcing vector constraints.
C. They minimize memory consumption by applying vector quantization.
D. They allow flexible dimensionality adjustments in relational tables.

Answer: A

What is required when defining a vector column in a table schema?

A. A normalized format enforcing proper distribution of values.

B. A unique constraint ensuring no identical vector values exist.
C. A primary key that references each vector embedding directly.
D. A predefined vector dimension value ensuring consistent storage.

Answer: D

What is the primary advantage of using an HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small

World) index for vector searches in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. It provides exact nearest-neighbor search results with 100% accuracy.

B. It uses SQL-based joins to improve query execution time.
C. It balances speed and accuracy in approximate nearest neighbor searches.
D. It reduces storage requirements by compressing vectors.

Answer: C

Which operation is required when modifying the index structure?

A. The index must be rebuilt to reflect the schema alteration.

B. The vector storage must be updated into an alternate type.
C. The vector embeddings must be stored in a separate table.
D. The similarity function must be changed for all queries.

Answer: A

Which approach enhances precision in multi-vector similarity search?

A. Applying AI-based ranking models to refine the search

B. Storing vectors as relational attributes in a database table
C. Transforming query embeddings before performing search
D. Assigning embeddings to sections instead of full documents

Answer: D

Which best describes the role of partition centroids in an IVF index during search?

A. They are used to determine which partitions should be searched for candidates
B. They function as a cache for frequently accessed vector embeddings
C. They store precomputed similarity scores for all potential query vectors
D. They are dynamically adjusted based on query distributions and frequency

Answer: A

Which step is required before inserting externally generated embeddings into Oracle
AI Vector Search?

A. Normalizing embeddings to maintain consistency in comparisons

B. Encoding vectors as base64 strings to ensure compatibility
C. Reducing vector size by applying compression before storage
D. Converting all embeddings into JSON arrays before insertion

Answer: A

Which Oracle feature helps optimize vector storage when handling large-scale
embeddings?

A. Partitioning data to distribute embeddings across multiple tables

B. Assigning integer identifiers to represent vectorized features
C. Enforcing strict schema constraints for structured representations
D. Using transactional consistency mechanisms to prevent duplication

Answer: A

Which indexing method optimizes vector search performance in a Python-based

Oracle RAG system?

A. Hierarchical Navigable Small World for nearest neighbor search

B. K-means clustering to improve document search accuracy
C. Principal component analysis for reducing embedding size
D. Locality-sensitive hashing for approximate vector retrieval

Answer: A

What happens when you attempt to insert a vector with an incorrect number of
dimensions into a VECTOR column with a defined number of dimensions?

A. The database truncates the vector to fit the defined dimensions

B. The database pads the vector with zeros to match the defined dimensions
C. The database ignores the defined dimensions and inserts the vector as is
D. The insert operation fails, and an error message is thrown

Answer: D

Which factor most affects the accuracy of an IVF-based nearest neighbor search?

A. The number of partitions created during index construction

B. The strict enforcement of exact distance calculations
C. The compression algorithm used for vector storage
D. The automatic pruning of outlier vector embeddings

Answer: A

Which approach is most effective for processing large-scale external embeddings

before inserting into Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Transferring embeddings using REST APIs in real-time operations

B. Storing embeddings in a document-oriented NoSQL database first
C. Uploading embeddings one-by-one to minimize data loss risks
D. Using batch processing to insert multiple embeddings efficiently

Answer: D

How can Oracle Data Pump optimize vector data imports for Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. By enabling direct path loads to bypass logging overhead

B. By applying batch insertions for structured retrieval
C. By executing query-driven exports for fast indexing
D. By transforming embeddings into normalized table rows
Answer: A

Which PL/SQL package is required to perform similarity searches in an Oracle RAG

application?

A. DBMS_AI_VECTOR
B. DBMS_CRYPTO
C. DBMS_AI_SEARCH
D. DBMS_SCHEDULER

Answer: C

What happens when a vector index is created on a column with high-dimensional

embeddings?

A. The index automatically performs dimensionality reduction for better search.

B. The vector column must be compressed into a reduced form first.
C. The creation time increases due to the complexity of high-dimensional data.
D. The indexing method must be adjusted to accommodate text-based data.

Answer: C

Which SQL statement should you use?

A. CREATE TABLE vectors (id NUMBER, embedding VECTOR(512))

B. CREATE TABLE vectors (id NUMBER, embedding VECTOR)
C. CREATE TABLE vectors (id NUMBER, embedding VECTOR(*, INT8))
D. CREATE TABLE vectors (id NUMBER, embedding VECTOR(512, FLOAT32))

Answer: D

When integrating a RAG pipeline with Oracle AI Vector Search, what is the key role of
vector embeddings?

A. They compress database storage requirements for performance

B. They enable full-text search without additional preprocessing
C. They encode semantic meaning of text for similarity retrieval
D. They replace traditional relational keys in structured queries

Answer: C
Which technique improves the speed of inserting large vector datasets?

A. Applying stored procedures to manage dimensional constraints.

B. Sorting vectors before insertion to optimize data organization.
C. Using batch transactions to process multiple vectors at one time.
D. Creating additional foreign keys for relational vector storage.

Answer: C

Which primary challenge must be addressed when using approximate similarity

search?

A. Guaranteeing an exhaustive nearest neighbor search for all query results

B. Dynamically updating vector distances to maintain adaptive consistency
C. Ensuring a balance between computational speed and retrieval accuracy
D. Applying deterministic indexing methods to avoid probabilistic errors

Answer: C

Which PL/SQL function is used to convert text input into a vector embedding for
storage in an Oracle database?

A. DBMS_AI_SEARCH.CREATE_INDEX
B. DBMS_LOB.CONVERT_TO_BLOB
C. DBMS_AI_VECTOR.EMBED_TEXT
D. DBMS_DATA_MINING.PREDICT

Answer: C

How does a Python-based RAG application benefit from using Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. It replaces traditional SQL queries with fully AI-driven logic

B. It retrieves semantically similar documents for context-aware AI
C. It converts structured data into vector embeddings for indexing
D. It directly integrates deep learning models into Oracle tables

Answer: B

Which Python function is used to transform text into vector embeddings for Oracle AI
Vector Search?
A. generate_embedding(input_text, normalize=False)
B. model.vectorize(input_text, use_cache=True)
C. model.encode(input_text, normalize=True)
D. transform(input_text, vector_mode=True)

Answer: C

Which condition makes exact similarity search infeasible for extremely large
datasets? 111/142

A. The exponential growth in computation as dataset size and dimensionality increase

B. The reliance on probabilistic nearest neighbor retrieval instead of brute-force
C. The automatic transformation of query vectors into lower-dimensional spaces
D. The inability of partitioning techniques to improve query response times

Answer: A

Why is the MERGE statement useful in vector database operations?

A. It enforces strict constraints, rejecting incomplete embeddings.

B. It ensures vector embeddings are always stored as unique values.
C. It minimizes indexing overhead by precomputing vector results.
D. It allows upserts, efficiently handling both inserts and updates.

Answer: D

Which approach enhances Select AI’s ability to process complex natural language
queries?

A. Converting input text into categorized search filters

B. Applying traditional indexing methods for faster results
C. Structuring all queries into predefined rule-based sets
D. Using advanced language models for query optimization

Answer: D

Which feature is required when storing internally generated embeddings in Oracle AI

Vector Search?

A. Transforming embeddings into discrete categorical values first

B. Maintaining a consistent vector size for similarity computations
C. Using hybrid indexing strategies for faster lookup performance
D. Storing embeddings as compressed binary objects for efficiency

Answer: B

Which approach ensures the highest efficiency when generating vector embeddings
inside the Oracle database?

A. Using recursive SQL functions for dynamic vector refinement

B. Applying row-based storage to accelerate retrieval processes
C. Storing embeddings as large-text JSON fields for flexibility
D. Executing embedded ML models for direct feature extraction

Answer: D

Which step is necessary when creating an IVF index in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Precomputing similarity scores for all potential query vectors

B. Defining the number of partitions to group vector embeddings
C. Assigning a fixed-length identifier to each stored embedding
D. Storing vectors in separate database tables for faster retrieval

Answer: B

How does Exadata AI Storage enhance query execution in an Oracle AI Vector Search
system?

A. By utilizing deep learning models for query prediction

B. By integrating natural language search with embeddings
C. By applying intelligent caching and workload distribution
D. By compressing vector data for more efficient retrieval

Answer: C

Which approach improves retrieval accuracy when performing vector searches in a

PL/SQL RAG system?

A. Combine structured queries with approximate nearest neighbor

B. Increase query precision by adding full-text search filters
C. Normalize vectors before storage and use cosine similarity
D. Reduce dimensionality of embeddings for faster computations

Answer: A

Why is Manhattan distance preferred for some AI search applications?

A. It measures absolute differences between dimensions, reducing sensitivity.
B. It computes the angular relationships in vector-based semantic searches.
C. It minimizes dimensional expansion, preventing index fragmentation.
D. It normalizes vector magnitudes, ensuring robust similarity retrieval.

Answer: A

Which Oracle database feature is most efficient for computing vector embeddings
internally?

A. Oracle Machine Learning models for deep feature extraction

B. SQL window functions to aggregate multi-dimensional inputs
C. JSON-based storage to preserve high-dimensional structures
D. External Python scripts executed through database procedures

Answer: A

What is the primary challenge when deleting vector embeddings in a database?

A. It may disrupt similarity indexing structures used in vector search.

B. It forces recalibration of all stored embeddings in the database.
C. It prevents future queries from accurately retrieving vector results.
D. It requires an exact match to delete non-numeric vector columns.

Answer: A

Which factor most significantly affects the computational cost of an exact similarity
search?

A. The total number of stored vectors and the vector dimensionality

B. The storage format of the embeddings and the caching mechanism
C. The type of distance metric and the indexing method applied
D. The predefined similarity threshold and the partitioning strategy

Answer: A
Which factor must be considered when designing Oracle ML models for generating
vector embeddings? 131/142

A. Using static numerical encodings to avoid dimensional instability

B. Implementing multiple relational joins to enhance feature richness
C. Reducing training iterations to prevent overfitting to training data
D. Choosing the appropriate distance metric for similarity retrieval

Answer: D

In a PL/SQL-based RAG application, how can you improve the quality of generated
responses?

A. Using stored procedures to refine response generation with external context

B. Writing static SQL queries to narrow down the number of potential documents
C. Applying PL/SQL loops to iterate over all retrieved documents for analysis
D. Using pre-trained machine learning models to filter embeddings before retrieval

Answer: A

Which condition would most negatively impact the performance of an approximate

similarity search?

A. Dynamic recalibration of search parameters for adaptive recall balancing

B. Frequent reindexing of vectors causing inconsistencies in query execution
C. High-dimensional vector embeddings leading to increased computation time
D. Limiting the number of stored vector clusters to reduce partitioning depth

Answer: C

Which factor must be considered when storing vector embeddings in an Oracle

database?

A. Storing vectors in multiple tables to separate different categories

B. Applying strict relational constraints to prevent redundancy issues
C. Choosing a storage format that supports high-dimensional vectors
D. Using row-based indexing to improve similarity search efficiency

Answer: C
Which factor contributes most to the slow retrieval time of exact similarity search?
A. The need to compare the query against every stored vector individually
B. The requirement to dynamically update partitions for optimized indexing
C. The application of probabilistic ranking models to improve accuracy
D. The precomputed lookup table used to estimate the nearest neighbors

Answer: A

Which component is essential for optimizing retrieval effectiveness in a RAG

pipeline?

A. Implementing relevance filtering to refine retrieved document accuracy

B. Storing embeddings as structured data to improve similarity computation
C. Expanding dataset dimensionality to increase document retrieval diversity
D. Applying query-based indexing to enhance deterministic response selection

Answer: A

What is the significance of using local ONNX models for embedding within the
database?

A. Support for legacy SQL*Plus clients

B. Improved accuracy compared to external models
C. Reduced embedding dimensions for faster processing
D. Enhanced security because data remains within the database

Answer: D

Which step is required when generating external embeddings for unstructured data
in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Encoding embeddings into relational data tables for faster processing

B. Aggregating numerical values from structured datasets for embeddings
C. Converting text into SQL-compatible categorical labels before indexing
D. Extracting numerical representations using deep learning models

Answer: D

What is the effect of increasing the M parameter when building an HNSW index?

A. It forces all queries to perform exact nearest neighbor searches

B. It automatically groups vectors into predefined clusters
C. It enhances accuracy by creating more graph connections
D. It speeds up searches by reducing index depth traversal

Answer: C

Which database feature is essential for efficiently storing and retrieving vector
embeddings in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Clustered indexing using a balanced AVL tree structure for faster lookups.
B. Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) indexing for nearest-neighbor search.
C. Materialized views with scheduled updates to optimize performance.
D. Partitioned B-Tree indexing with hash-based distribution methods.

Answer: B

Which Oracle AI Vector Search feature improves retrieval effectiveness in a RAG

workflow?

A. Using deterministic retrieval rules to optimize query execution performance

B. Storing embeddings as structured key-value pairs for efficient organization
C. Expanding metadata filtering to enhance document category-based retrieval
D. Implementing dynamic similarity scoring to refine search result prioritization

Answer: D

Which factor primarily determines the balance between accuracy and speed in an
approximate similarity search?

A. The deterministic graph traversal algorithm used for query evaluation

B. The number of neighbors considered in the search candidate selection
C. The dynamic query expansion technique applied for recall optimization
D. The adaptive vector transformation applied before the search execution

Answer: B

Which approach best optimizes large-scale vector embedding storage in Oracle?

A. Storing embeddings in row-based structures to optimize retrieval speed

B. Partitioning embeddings across multiple storage nodes to enhance access
C. Using JSON-based serialization to dynamically store structured vectors
D. Applying redundancy across tables to maintain vector integrity efficiently

Answer: B

Which factor must be considered when replacing existing stored vectors?

A. The vector distance function must be recalculated for each update.

B. The embedding structure must remain unchanged after updating data.
C. The similarity search queries must be manually reconfigured again.
D. The primary key constraints must be dropped and redefined first.

Answer: B

Which Python package is commonly used to connect a RAG application to Oracle AI

Vector Search?

A. oracle_vector for processing embeddings into search indexes

B. oracledb for executing queries and retrieving vector data
C. oracle_dbtools for deep learning model-based AI search
D. cx_Oracle for embedding transformation and AI indexing

Answer: B

Which operation is NOT permitted on tables containing VECTOR columns?

A. SELECT
B. UPDATE
C. DELETE
D. JOIN ON VECTOR columns

Answer: D

Which SQL constraint ensures that a vector column follows dimension rules?

A. The DEFAULT clause setting an initial vector embedding.

B. The UNIQUE constraint preventing duplicate vector values.
C. The CHECK condition enforcing vector length consistency.
D. The FOREIGN KEY linking vector embeddings across tables.

Answer: C
Which strategy improves the efficiency of vector embedding storage when integrating
external embeddings with Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Apply dimensionality reduction to optimize storage and retrieval time

B. Store embeddings in separate database tables for each data type
C. Increase the number of features per embedding to capture more details
D. Convert embeddings into categorical values for fast SQL queries

Answer: A

Which method ensures externally generated embeddings are properly indexed in

Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Storing duplicate embeddings to enhance retrieval consistency

B. Manually adjusting similarity thresholds for every query execution
C. Assigning a unique identifier to each embedding upon insertion
D. Using self-normalizing neural networks to preprocess vectors

Answer: C

Which Oracle feature enables efficient storage and retrieval of internally generated
vector embeddings?

A. XML-based data structures for flexible high-dimensional storage

B. Oracle AI Vector Search for indexing and querying embeddings
C. Partitioned relational tables to organize numerical feature sets
D. Materialized views for storing precomputed embedding results

Answer: B

Which factor should be considered when choosing an embedding model for external
vector generation?

A. The model's alignment with the chosen similarity metric

B. The model's reliance on hand-crafted feature engineering
C. The model's performance on structured tabular datasets
D. The model's ability to generate vectors of arbitrary length

Answer: A
Why is Euclidean distance commonly used in vector similarity searches?

A. It prevents outliers from influencing distance calculations.

B. It provides an exact metric for spatial distance in vector space.
C. It reduces computational complexity by ignoring dimensions.
D. It enforces strict orthogonal comparisons across dimensions.

Answer: B

What is the primary function of DBMS_AI_SEARCH.SEARCH_SIMILARITY in a RAG

workflow?

A. It preprocesses text before generating vector embeddings

B. It updates stored embeddings for better search accuracy
C. It ranks query results based on vector-based distances
D. It computes vector similarity and retrieves the closest matches

Answer: D

Which Oracle AI Vector Search capability enhances document ranking in a RAG

workflow?

A. Implementing dynamic similarity scoring to prioritize retrieval precision

B. Storing retrieved knowledge using categorical partitioning for segmentation
C. Expanding response generation scope through unsupervised contextual expansion
D. Applying deterministic retrieval rules to improve high-frequency term ranking

Answer: A

What is a key consideration when applying multi-vector similarity search at scale?

A. Managing the trade-off between recall and query speed

B. Transforming search queries into structured embeddings
C. Storing vectors in structured format for faster lookups
D. Using AI-driven ranking to prioritize search relevance

Answer: A

Which technique enhances the accuracy of document retrieval in a RAG system using
Python?
A. Convert embeddings into low-dimensional text sequences
B. Combine keyword search with ANN-based similarity lookup
C. Apply numerical transformation to reduce vector complexity
D. Use classification models to replace vector similarity

Answer: B

What is the primary advantage of using exact similarity search instead of

approximate nearest neighbor methods?

A. It guarantees the retrieval of the most accurate nearest neighbor matches

B. It improves retrieval time by relying on partitioned index structures
C. It optimizes search efficiency by limiting the number of candidates
D. It enhances scalability by dynamically reorganizing stored vectors

Answer: A

Which of the following best explains why exact similarity search is often slower than
approximate methods?

A. It dynamically adjusts partitions to optimize vector storage allocation

B. It depends entirely on precomputed indices to reduce search complexity
C. It does not filter out irrelevant candidates before computing distances
D. It requires multiple similarity functions to verify distance calculations

Answer: C

Which property makes Chebyshev distance unique compared to other metrics?

A. It minimizes computational complexity for high-dimensional data.

B. It calculates the maximum coordinate variation between two vectors.
C. It normalizes vector embeddings to improve similarity calculations.
D. It prevents magnitude differences from affecting distance results.

Answer: B

What is the primary purpose of a similarity search in Oracle Database 23ai?

A. Optimize relational database operations to compute distances between all data points in
a database
B. To find exact matches in BLOB data
C. To retrieve the most semantically similar entries using distance metrics between
different vectors
D. To group vectors by their exact scores

Answer: C

Which Oracle Machine Learning technique is best suited for generating high-quality
embeddings inside the database?

A. Decision trees designed for classifying numerical vector outputs

B. Linear regression functions applied to categorical feature values
C. Factorization models optimized for structured relational datasets
D. Neural network models trained using deep feature representations

Answer: D

Which condition is required when inserting multiple vector embeddings?

A. The table must include one unique constraint for each embedding.
B. The vectors must be indexed before being inserted into records.
C. The database must use a foreign key reference for each vector.
D. Each vector must have a fixed number of dimensions in storage.

Answer: D

Which transformation should be applied to externally generated embeddings before

inserting them into Oracle AI Vector Search for cosine similarity?

A. Convert embeddings into sparse matrices to optimize retrieval

B. Encode embeddings using base64 for compatibility with SQL
C. Reduce dimensionality to match the database schema constraints
D. Apply L2 normalization to ensure uniform vector magnitudes

Answer: D

Which type of model is best suited for generating external vector embeddings for text
data before inserting into Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Support Vector Machines optimized for binary classification

B. Decision Trees trained on structured relational tables
C. Recurrent Neural Networks trained on numerical datasets
D. Transformer-based architectures trained on large corpora

Answer: D
What makes multi-vector similarity search beneficial for large document retrieval?

A. It transforms queries into AI-driven ranked responses

B. It enables context-aware search across document sections
C. It compresses stored embeddings to optimize indexing
D. It applies structured key mappings to improve lookups

Answer: B.

Which scenario justifies choosing exact similarity search over an approximate

method?

A. When reducing memory consumption is critical for real-time applications

B. When absolute precision in nearest neighbor retrieval is the highest priority
C. When approximate search techniques can still achieve high recall accuracy
D. When high-speed query execution is essential for handling large-scale data

Answer: B

Which PL/SQL approach is best for handling complex queries in a RAG application?

A. Storing static document categories in a predefined PL/SQL array

B. Using dynamic SQL to execute context-sensitive retrieval operations
C. Writing fixed SQL queries to optimize execution times for repetitive searches
D. Using PL/SQL cursors to iterate through result sets without filtering

Answer: B

Which condition is required for an IVF index to return the most relevant results?

A. The query vector should belong to at least one of the probed partitions
B. The vector dimensionality must be reduced using principal component analysis
C. The number of indexed vectors must be equally distributed across partitions
D. The search must always be conducted using cosine similarity as the metric

Answer: A
What is the primary limitation of using Euclidean distance for similarity search?

A. It is highly sensitive to variations in magnitude across dimensions.

B. It requires normalization of all vector values before comparisons.
C. It prevents the calculation of angular differences between vectors.
D. It does not allow distance-based filtering in high-dimensional data.

Answer: A

What effect does increasing the nprobe value in an IVF search have?

A. It forces the search to only return exact nearest neighbor matches

B. It improves accuracy but increases computational complexity per query
C. It minimizes the memory footprint of vector embeddings at runtime
D. It automatically reduces the number of partitions required in the index

Answer: B

What role does the distance metric play in HNSW vector indexing?

A. It determines how similarity between vectors is measured

B. It defines the memory allocation for graph connections
C. It controls the frequency of index updates over time
D. It standardizes the length of vector embeddings stored

Answer: A

In Oracle AI Vector Search, how do you ensure similarity search results remain
relevant while keeping query performance optimal?
A. Apply full-table scans to ensure comprehensive search coverage
B. Sort results using ORDER BY DESC in every query
C. Use ANN (Approximate Nearest Neighbor) indexing for fast retrieval
D. Normalize vector embeddings by dividing each value by the total sum

Answer: C

Which vector distance metric is best suited for categorical embeddings?

A. Cosine similarity, measuring the directional alignment of vectors.

B. Jaccard similarity, evaluating the overlap between vector values.
C. Euclidean distance, calculating the shortest distance between points.
D. Minkowski distance, generalizing multiple distance measurement rules.

Answer: B

What is the primary advantage of using Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search
over Exact Nearest Neighbor (NN) search in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. ANN search is designed for structured datasets and SQL-based queries.

B. ANN search avoids using machine learning models, making it more reliable.
C. ANN search significantly reduces query response time with minimal accuracy loss.
D. ANN search always returns the most accurate result, regardless of dataset size.

Answer: C

Which optimization technique accelerates vector embedding queries inside Oracle AI

Vector Search?

A. Using text-based metadata to filter vector search queries faster

B. Increasing database commit frequency to reduce write overhead
C. Precomputing similarity scores for commonly queried embeddings
D. Expanding vector dimensionality to enhance feature separability

Answer: C

Which factor is essential for maintaining knowledge consistency in a RAG-powered

application?

A. Expanding retrieval scope to include broader domain-specific knowledge

B. Using categorical indexing techniques to organize structured embeddings
C. Ensuring retrieved data aligns precisely with model-generated responses
D. Applying rule-based heuristics to prioritize frequently retrieved content

Answer: C

In Oracle AI Vector Search, how does Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW)
improve search performance?

A. It replaces vector embeddings with keyword-based indexes

B. It compresses vector data to minimize storage costs
C. It creates a multi-layer graph structure to optimize nearest neighbor traversal
D. It reduces the dimensionality of vectors before searching

Answer: C

Which approach guarantees the most precise nearest neighbor retrieval in an exact
similarity search?

A. Optimizing the similarity metric based on query frequency patterns

B. Comparing all stored vectors with the query vector without filtering
C. Reducing the number of candidate matches using precomputed indices
D. Assigning vectors to dynamic partitions to improve retrieval efficiency

Answer: B

• What is the key advantage of multi-vector similarity search in multi-document

retrieval?

A. It transforms unstructured data into structured queries

B. It compresses vector embeddings for faster indexing
C. It applies AI-driven optimizations to improve ranking
D. It enables searching across multiple document sections

Answer: D

Which tool is best suited for generating high-quality text embeddings before
inserting into Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. TF-IDF vectorization for representing words with frequency values

B. Word2Vec for training embeddings from structured tabular data
C. BERT-based models for capturing contextual meaning of words
D. K-Means clustering for grouping words into numerical categories

Answer: C

How does SQL Loader handle large-scale vector data loading efficiently?

A. By converting vectors into binary format for storage ease

B. By using external tables and parallel direct path loading
C. By creating temporary indexes for embedding retrieval
D. By normalizing vector data to reduce storage footprint
Answer: B

How does Oracle AI Vector Search optimize performance in multi-vector retrieval?

A. By partitioning vector indexes to reduce search complexity

B. By applying AI-based transformations to ranking models
C. By compressing vector dimensions to improve efficiency
D. By storing embeddings as structured relational datasets

Answer: A

Which SQL operation is required to drop a vector column from a table?

A. The TRUNCATE statement resetting vector records efficiently.

B. The DELETE function targeting the stored vector embeddings.
C. The DROP TABLE function eliminating vector storage entirely.
D. The ALTER TABLE command specifying the vector column removal.

Answer: D

Which process ensures accurate retrieval of vector embeddings in a Python-based

RAG system?

A. Normalize input text before generating vector embeddings

B. Apply database triggers to update vector search indexes
C. Use traditional indexing methods to improve performance
D. Store embeddings as JSON for efficient structured queries

Answer: A

Which factor improves the scalability of multi-vector similarity search? 50/142

A. The use of partitioned vector indexes for fast retrieval

B. The compression of document sections before storage
C. The transformation of embeddings into tabular formats
D. The application of query-driven vector optimizations

Answer: A
Which technique ensures efficient query performance when searching vector
embeddings in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Perform full-database scans for the most precise results

B. Normalize vectors using L2 scaling after each retrieval
C. Convert embeddings into numeric hash keys for storage
D. Apply ANN indexing to reduce the search space quickly

Answer: D

Which strategy improves the efficiency of range queries in an HNSW-based search?

A. Storing vector embeddings as sparse matrices for reduced computation

B. Partitioning vectors into fixed-size blocks for parallel execution
C. Adjusting the ef_search value to explore more candidate vectors
D. Increasing the number of query nodes to enforce stricter filtering

Answer: C

Which factor improves factual reliability when integrating RAG with Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. Validating retrieved content against external authoritative knowledge sources

B. Converting structured data into semi-structured formats for query flexibility
C. Using heuristic-based ranking to prioritize high-frequency document terms
D. Expanding retrieval query complexity to increase document selection scope

Answer: A

How can SQL Loader improve efficiency when handling large vector embeddings?

A. By leveraging parallel direct path loads for faster ingestion

B. By transforming embeddings into relational data formats
C. By indexing embeddings in-memory during processing
D. By enabling query optimization before data insertion

Answer: A

Which condition must be met when inserting vector embeddings into a table?

A. The table must contain at least one foreign key for vector queries.
B. The vector must have the same fixed length as the column definition.
C. The vector must be normalized before being added to the database.
D. The primary key must be auto-incremented to store vector records.

Answer: B

What happens if an IVF search query only probes a single partition?

A. The search speed increases, but accuracy may suffer significantly

B. The query execution slows down due to limited candidate selection
C. The similarity metric is automatically adjusted for improved precision
D. The search algorithm forces an exhaustive scan of all partitions

Answer: A

Which Oracle AI Vector Search configuration improves retrieval accuracy for

internally generated embeddings?

A. Enforcing strict one-hot encoding for categorical vector storage

B. Applying dense indexing structures to reduce query complexity
C. Converting embeddings into XML-based formats for structured access
D. Using L2 normalization to ensure consistent similarity measurements

Answer: D

What advantage does multi-vector similarity search provide in document retrieval?

A. It transforms queries into structured key representations

B. It enables compressed vector storage for faster queries
C. It improves partial matching across document fragments
D. It applies AI-driven ranking for enhanced result sorting

Answer: C

. Which Oracle AI Vector Search function retrieves the most similar embeddings
using Python?

A. SELECT VECTOR_SEARCH(:1, :2, :3, :4) FROM dual

B. DBMS_AI_SEARCH.SEARCH_SIMILARITY(:1, :2, :3, :4)
C. DBMS_AI_VECTOR.GET_CONTEXTUAL_MATCH(:1, :2, :3, :4)
D. DBMS_AI_TEXT.EXECUTE_VECTOR_QUERY(:1, :2, :3, :4)
Answer: B

Which vector distance function is least affected by changes in magnitude?

A. Euclidean distance, computing the shortest direct vector distance.

B. Manhattan distance, measuring total absolute dimensional shifts.
C. Cosine similarity, normalizing vector scale before computing angles.
D. Chebyshev distance, finding the largest single-axis differences.

Answer: C

How does Oracle AI Vector Search handle the balance between accuracy and
performance when using HNSW?

A. By storing vector embeddings in different database partitions

B. By automatically clustering semantically similar vectors
C. By limiting queries to exact nearest neighbor calculations
D. By tuning hyperparameters such as ef_search and M

Answer: D

Which retrieval technique improves the performance of a RAG pipeline using Oracle
AI Vector Search?

A. Random forest classifiers for AI-based query filtering

B. Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) for scalable searches
C. Hierarchical clustering for grouping vectorized results
D. Logistic regression for predictive text-based retrieval

Answer: B

Which statement is true regarding primary keys and vector columns?

A. A primary key is not required but improves indexing efficiency.

B. A primary key is used to store vector embeddings as key values.
C. A primary key is mandatory for storing high-dimensional vectors.
D. A primary key must be the vector itself in similarity searches.

Answer: A
Which indexing strategy is recommended for handling large-scale vector data in
Oracle AI Search?

A. Linear scan indexing for smaller datasets only.

B. Standard B-tree indexing for all vector columns.
C. Hash-based indexing optimized for textual data.
D. Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search indexing.

Answer: D

Which process improves performance when performing bulk vector inserts?

A. Disabling indexing before insertion and rebuilding it afterward.

B. Converting vectors to binary format before inserting into tables.
C. Increasing primary key auto-increment rates to speed up storage.
D. Applying temporary normalization to vector values during queries.

Answer: A

Which challenge arises when updating indexed vector columns?

A. The embeddings must be converted into text for storage.

B. The existing vector index must be rebuilt after modifications.
C. The similarity function must be adjusted for the updates.
D. The vector values must be recalculated before being stored.

Answer: B

Which condition must be met for an IVF search to return an optimal nearest neighbor
result?

A. The similarity metric used must be different for each partition

B. The query vector must belong to the probed partitions in the index
C. The search query must be repeated with multiple distance measures
D. The number of stored vectors must match the number of partitions

Answer: B

You need to prioritize accuracy over speed in a similarity search for a dataset of
images. Which should you use?
A. Approximate similarity search with HNSW indexing and target accuracy of 70%
B. Multivector similarity search with partitioning
C. Exact similarity search using a full table scan
D. Approximate similarity search with IVF indexing and target accuracy of 70%

Answer: C

Which step is crucial when integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with

Oracle AI Vector Search? 67/142

A. Storing document embeddings using standard relational schemas

B. Structuring knowledge retrieval to refine contextualized responses
C. Expanding model token limitations to generate extended output
D. Implementing rule-based logic for deterministic output generation

Answer: B

What is a best practice for ensuring consistency when exporting vector embeddings?

A. Applying AI-based transformations before performing export

B. Using consistent data formats and specifying field mappings
C. Converting vector embeddings into relational column types
D. Storing vector data in temporary tables for fast retrieval

Answer: B

Which Oracle Cloud service provides native integration with AI Vector Search for
seamless AI/ML applications? 82/142

A. Oracle Streaming Service

B. Oracle Functions
C. Oracle Kubernetes Engine (OKE)
D. Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Data Science

Answer: D

How does Oracle AI Vector Search optimize query performance in multi-vector

search?

A. By transforming search terms into relational database keys

B. By compressing vector dimensions before similarity checks
C. By applying approximate nearest neighbor search techniques
D. By using AI-driven re-ranking to refine retrieval results

Answer: C

Which distance function is least suitable for comparing high-dimensional vectors?

A. Manhattan distance, computing absolute differences between values.

B. Euclidean distance, calculating the shortest path between vectors.
C. Cosine similarity, measuring the angle between stored embeddings.
D. Hamming distance, evaluating binary dissimilarity in bit sequences.

Answer: D

Which distance function is optimal for computing variations in binary vectors?

A. Minkowski distance, adjusting calculations for multiple vector types.

B. Cosine similarity, computing angular relationships in vector searches.
C. Chebyshev distance, measuring maximum coordinate variations in space.
D. Hamming distance, measuring bitwise differences in stored embeddings.

Answer: D

Which factor improves response accuracy when applying Retrieval-Augmented

Generation (RAG)?

A. Increasing language model complexity to enhance response quality

B. Using heuristic-based filtering to pre-process knowledge sources
C. Expanding dataset dimensionality to provide diverse document retrieval
D. Ensuring retrieved knowledge aligns with query intent precisely

Answer: D

What is the primary advantage of using Oracle Data Pump for vector data transfer?

A. It compresses vector embeddings for optimized space

B. It applies in-memory storage for efficient retrieval
C. It transforms vector data into query-ready indexing
D. It enables high-speed bulk vector export and import
Answer: D

Which aspect of vector storage most affects query performance in large-scale

searches?

A. The normalization level of stored embeddings in the database.

B. The number of primary key constraints applied to vector tables.
C. The partitioning of vector data into structured relational tables.
D. The indexing strategy used for organizing vector representations.

Answer: D

Which file format is best suited for exporting vector embeddings externally before
ingestion into Oracle 120/142 AI Vector Search?

A. Parquet format optimized for structured relational data

B. NumPy format storing high-dimensional arrays efficiently
C. JSON format with a key-value structure for each vector
D. CSV format with space-separated vector components

Answer: B

Which of the following best describes how Oracle AI Vector Search optimizes high-
dimensional vector similarity searches?

A. It stores vectors as text data to leverage full-text search capabilities.

B. It applies rule-based filtering before executing a vector similarity query.
C. It converts vectors into relational database rows for faster indexing.
D. It uses Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) algorithms to reduce search time.

Answer: D

Which statement best describes the core functionality and benefit of Retrieval
Augmented Generation (RAG) in Oracle Database 23ai?

A. It empowers LLMs to interact with private enterprise data stored within the database,
leading to
more context-aware and precise responses to user queries
B. It primarily aims to optimize the performance and efficiency of LLMs by using advanced
data
retrieval techniques, thus minimizing response times and reducing computational overhead
C. It allows users to train their own specialized LLMs directly within the Oracle Database
environment
using their internal data, thereby reducing reliance on external AI providers
D. It enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to access and process real-time data streams
from diverse
sources to generate the most up-to-date insights

Answer: A

Which technique enhances retrieval quality in a RAG-based system?

A. Applying static metadata filters to prioritize frequently accessed sources

B. Storing document embeddings in structured relational schemas for precision
C. Expanding retrieved context length to ensure broader knowledge coverage
D. Using hybrid search models to balance keyword and semantic similarity

Answer: D

How does HNSW optimize the search process compared to brute-force vector
matching?

A. It precomputes all possible vector similarity scores

B. It incrementally builds a graph-based index structure
C. It uses hash-based indexing to accelerate queries
D. It assigns fixed-length embeddings to each vector

Answer: B

You are tasked with finding the closest matching sentences across books, where each
book has multiple paragraphs and sentences. Which SQL structure should you use?

A. A nested query with ORDER BY

B. Exact similarity search with a single query vector
C. GROUP BY with vector operations
D. FETCH PARTITIONS BY clause

Answer: A
What is the primary difference between the HNSW and IVF vector indexes in Oracle
Database 23ai?

A. Both operate identically but differ in memory usage

B. HNSW guarantees accuracy, whereas IVF sacrifices performance for accuracy
C. HNSW uses an in-memory neighbor graph for faster approximate searches, whereas IVF
uses the
buffer cache with partitions
D. HNSW is partition-based, whereas IVF uses neighbor graphs for indexing

Answer: C

What happens if too few partitions are created when building an IVF index?

A. The number of required similarity computations per query is minimized

B. The search process becomes slower due to excessive candidate retrieval
C. The vector index automatically reorganizes partitions over time
D. The search algorithm switches to an exact nearest neighbor approach

Answer: B

Which Oracle database feature is essential for storing and retrieving vector
embeddings efficiently?

A. Oracle AI Vector Search

B. Oracle Text
C. Oracle Spatial and Graph
D. Oracle Machine Learning

Answer: A

Which SQL command allows increasing the dimension of a vector column?

A. The UPDATE function modifying embeddings to match new size.

B. The CREATE INDEX statement realigning stored vector data.
C. The MERGE function adjusting stored vectors for new length.
D. The ALTER TABLE statement with a new vector dimension size.

Answer: D
Which is a characteristic of an approximate similarity search in Oracle Database
23ai?

A. It compares every vector in the dataset

B. It trades off accuracy for faster performance
C. It always guarantees 100% accuracy
D. It is slower than exact similarity search

Answer: B

Which method ensures the most efficient storage of vector embeddings in Oracle AI
Vector Search?

A. Using specialized indexing structures to optimize query performance

B. Applying frequency-based partitioning to distribute vectors logically
C. Using traditional relational normalization to reduce storage footprint
D. Storing vector embeddings as hierarchical text-based JSON documents

Answer: A

What must be considered before adding an index to a vector column?

A. The primary key of the table must be linked to the vector data.
B. The indexing method must align with the chosen search function.
C. The index must be defined as part of the original table schema.
D. The database must first convert stored vectors into fixed arrays.

Answer: B

Which type of AI workload benefits most from vector-based similarity search?

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A. Document retrieval, by matching text semantics instead of exact keywords.

B. Transactional processing, by ensuring fast atomic query executions.
C. Financial auditing, by enforcing referential integrity for compliance.
D. Data warehousing, by improving query execution using columnar storage.

Answer: A
Which Oracle feature is critical for efficiently managing vector data types in AI
applications?
A. Oracle Real Application Clusters, for distributing queries across nodes.
B. Oracle GoldenGate, for synchronizing vector data between instances.
C. Oracle Data Guard, for maintaining consistency in replicated databases.
D. Oracle AI Vector Search, for indexing and querying high-dimensional data.

Answer: D

Which constraint is necessary for defining a vector column in a table?

A. The table must include a composite primary key for efficiency.

B. The column must enforce unique vector values across all records.
C. The vector must have a dimension constraint matching its datatype.
D. The vector must be indexed before inserting new embeddings.

Answer: C

. Which strategy improves the efficiency of an IVF (Inverted File Index) search?

A. Assigning vectors to centroids before limiting retrieval to selected clusters

B. Applying sequential scanning techniques to improve cluster-level matching
C. Expanding the search to all partitions to maximize query execution recall
D. Dynamically adjusting vector embedding scales to balance retrieval latency

Answer: A

Which PL/SQL function is essential for storing vector embeddings in a table for
retrieval in a RAG system?

A. DBMS_AI_VECTOR.STORE_EMBEDDING for persistent storage

B. DBMS_AI_SEARCH.CREATE_INDEX for indexing and fast queries
C. DBMS_AI_SEARCH.EXECUTE_QUERY for retrieving stored vectors
D. DBMS_AI_VECTOR.PROCESS_INPUT for embedding transformation

Answer: A

What is the effect of changing the dimension of a vector column in a table?

A. Existing vector embeddings will become invalid for storage use.

B. The table will automatically update stored vectors to new sizes.
C. The system will add padding or truncate vectors as needed.
D. The indexing structure will dynamically adjust to new lengths.
Answer: A

Which parameter should be tuned to optimize IVF search accuracy without

significantly impacting query speed?

A. The maximum number of exact distance calculations per query

B. The storage format used for indexing and caching mechanisms
C. The number of partitions and the number of probes per query
D. The vector dimensionality and the compression factor applied

Answer: C

Which characteristic makes HNSW suitable for high-dimensional vector search?

A. The exclusive use of Manhattan distance as a metric

B. The dynamic graph structure with hierarchical levels
C. The reliance on text-based tokenization methods
D. The enforcement of strict exact match constraints

Answer: B

Which vector distance function is most suitable for image similarity searches?

A. Cosine similarity, evaluating the angular relationship between vectors.

B. Jaccard similarity, comparing the intersection of categorical vectors.
C. Euclidean distance, computing direct spatial differences in vectors.
D. Manhattan distance, summing absolute differences across dimensions.

Answer: C

What must be considered when altering a table to add a vector column?

A. The column must store values as normalized floating-point arrays.

B. The column must be defined with a fixed vector dimensional length.
C. The table must be locked to prevent inserts while altering schema.
D. The vector indexing structure must be immediately reinitialized.

Answer: B
What is the benefit of using a multi-vector approach for multi-document search?

A. It retrieves specific sections of relevant documents

B. It applies AI-based optimizations for ranking results
C. It transforms search queries into structured formats
D. It compresses document vectors for faster queries

Answer: A

Which of the following is a limitation of HNSW-based vector indexing?

A. It requires additional memory to maintain the graph-based index structure

B. It cannot support high-dimensional vector embeddings above 256 dimensions
C. It cannot handle incremental updates to the vector dataset
D. It lacks support for distance metrics such as cosine similarity

Answer: A

Which feature of Select AI improves accuracy in AI-driven query processing?

A. Neural-based relational indexing of structured datasets

B. Dynamic vector embedding adaptation using query patterns
C. Context-aware natural language processing and refinement
D. Rule-based optimization for text-driven similarity search

Answer: C

What is the primary function of AI Smart Scan in Exadata System Software 24ai?

A. To provide real-time monitoring and diagnostics for AI applications

B. To accelerate AI workloads by leveraging Exadata RDMA Memory (XRMEM), Exadata
Smart
Cache, and on-storage processing
C. To automatically optimize database queries for improved performance

Answer: B

Explanation:

AI Smart Scan in Exadata System Software 24ai (B) accelerates AI workloads, including
vector search,
by ofloading processing to storage servers using Exadata’s RDMA Memory (XRMEM), Smart
Cache,
and on-storage capabilities. This enhances performance for large-scale vector operations.
Real-time
monitoring (A) isn’t its focus; that’s for management tools. Queryoptimization (C) is a
general Exadata
feature (Smart Scan), but AI Smart Scan specifically targets AI tasks. Oracle’s 24ai
documentation
emphasizes its role in speeding up AI computations.
Reference: Oracle Exadata System Software 24ai Release Notes, Section on AI Smart Scan.

Which parameter is used to define the number of closest vector candidates considered
during HNSW
index creation?

A. EFCONSTRUCTION
B. VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE
C. NEIGHBOURS
D. TARGET_ACCURACY

Answer: A

Which factor should be considered when selecting a dimensionality for vector

embeddings in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. The frequency of SQL transactions processed in real time.

B. The complexity of the relationships represented by the embeddings.
C. The total number of records stored in the relational database schema..
D. The use of primary key constraints to enforce data integrity.

Answer: B

Which of the following best describes vector embeddings in the context of Oracle AI
Vector Search?

A. A type of traditional relational database table

B. A method for compressing large datasets for faster queries
C. A form of database indexing for structured data
D. Fixed-length numerical representations of unstructured data such as text or images
Answer: D

What occurs when a vector column is dropped from a table?

A. The stored vector embeddings are permanently removed from disk.

B. The associated indexing functions are automatically reapplied.
C. The table structure remains unchanged but storage is reallocated.
D. The vector embeddings are converted into standard text format.

Answer: A

Which challenge affects the efficiency of multi-vector similarity search at scale?

A. Loss of ranking precision caused by AI-based indexing

B. Increased computational cost due to large search space
C. Complex query transformation before performing search
D. High-dimensional vector compression affecting recall

Answer: B

Why does exact similarity search not require specialized indexing structures?

A. It performs exhaustive comparisons instead of selective candidate retrieval

B. It dynamically updates vector embeddings based on query distributions
C. It uses hash-based partitioning to narrow down relevant search regions
D. It prioritizes approximation techniques over brute-force calculations

Answer: A

Which method optimizes document retrieval in a Retrieval-Augmented Generation

(RAG) system?

A. Encoding context metadata using hierarchical representations for flexibility

B. Storing document embeddings in categorical groupings for structured queries
C. Using hybrid search techniques to improve relevance ranking effectively
D. Applying deterministic algorithms to generate query-specific knowledge

Answer: C
Which best practice enhances the robustness of approximate similarity search
results?

A. Reducing query complexity to minimize overall computational overhead

B. Avoiding vector transformations to preserve original data embeddings
C. Tuning indexing parameters to balance retrieval precision and query speed
D. Limiting distance calculations to reduce nearest neighbor retrieval scope

Answer: C

What is the effect of increasing the number of probe partitions in an IVF search?

A. It forces the index to store additional metadata for queries

B. It automatically reduces the number of distance calculations
C. It improves search accuracy by retrieving more candidate vectors
D. It decreases memory consumption by optimizing vector storage

Answer: C

Which Oracle indexing method enhances the retrieval speed of stored vector
embeddings?

A. Using bitmap indexing to allow rapid numerical comparisons

B. Using specialized AI Vector Indexing for optimized similarity search
C. Applying SQL-based sorting to organize embeddings in storage
D. Storing vectors in hierarchical table structures for faster queries

Answer: B

Which SQL Loader feature optimizes bulk loading of vector embeddings?

A. Applying query acceleration for fast embedding retrieval

B. Converting vector data into tabular format for optimization
C. Using direct path load to bypass standard insert operations
D. Enabling parallel insert processing for structured indexing

Answer: C

Which method improves performance when training embedding models inside

Oracle’s database?
A. Parallelized execution of ML models across multiple data partitions
B. Using transactional locking to prevent inconsistencies in vectors
C. Executing complex PL/SQL functions to precompute similarity scores
D. Normalizing data at query time instead of pre-processing vectors

Answer: A

Which key factor affects the performance of vector searches in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. The application of encryption techniques to protect vector embeddings.

B. The use of traditional indexing structures such as clustered B-Trees.
C. The use of foreign key constraints to manage vector-based relationships.
D. The selection of an appropriate similarity metric for comparing embeddings.

Answer: D

What is a key benefit of using the HNSW algorithm for vector search in Oracle AI
Vector Search?

A. It enforces strict exact match for high-accuracy search results

B. It constructs a hierarchical index to accelerate query performance
C. It automatically reduces vector dimensionality during indexing
D. It relies on dense keyword-based indexing for fast retrieval

Answer: B

Which step is necessary when creating an HNSW vector index in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. Assigning a unique category ID to each vector embedding

B. Manually mapping vectors to hierarchical graph layers
C. Setting a predefined number of clusters before indexing
D. Defining an appropriate distance metric such as cosine or Euclidean

Answer: D

Which technique optimizes the storage of vector embeddings in a PL/SQL-powered

RAG application?
A. Storing embeddings as compressed binary objects to save space
B. Storing embeddings in non-relational NoSQL databases for faster access
C. Using JSON format to store embeddings alongside metadata for flexibility
D. Using relational tables with indexed columns to optimize retrieval speed

Answer: D

Which factor must be considered when determining the storage structure for vector
embeddings? 42/142

A. Storing embeddings using fixed-length string representations for accuracy

B. Using distributed key-value storage to improve vector retrieval efficiency
C. Selecting a format that maintains floating-point precision consistently
D. Indexing each embedding as a categorical value for structured queries

Answer: C

You want to quickly retrieve the top-10 matches for a query vector from a dataset of
billions of vectors, prioritizing speed over exact accuracy. What is the best approach?

A. Exact similarity search using flat search

B. Approximate similarity search with a low target accuracy setting
C. Relational filtering combined with an exact search
D. Exact similarity search with a high target accuracy setting

Answer: B

You are asked to fetch the top five vectors nearest to a query vector, but only for a
specific category of documents. Which query structure should you use?

A. Use UNION ALL with vector operations

B. Perform the similarity search without a WHERE clause
C. Apply relational filters and a similarity search in the query
D. Use VECTOR_INDEX_HINT and NO WHERE clause

Answer: C

Which statement best describes the capability of Oracle Data Pump for handling
vector data in thecontext of vector search applications?
A. Data Pump only exports and imports vector data if the vector embeddings are stored as
BLOB
(Binary Large Object) data types in the database
B. Data Pump treats vector embeddings as regular text strings, which can lead to data
corruption or loss
of precision when transferring vector data for vector search
C. Data Pump provides native support for exporting and importing tables containing vector
data types,
facilitating the transfer of vector data for vector search applications
D. Because of the complexity of vector data, Data Pump requires a specialized plug-in to
handle the
export and import operations involving vector data types

Answer: C

Which function should you use to determine the storage format of a vector?

A. VECTOR_DIMENSION_FORMAT
B. VECTOR_CHUNKS
C. VECTOR_NORM
D. VECTOR_EMBEDDING

Answer: A

When using SQL*Loader to load vector data for search applications, what is a critical
consideration regarding the formatting of the vector data within the input CSV file?

A. Enclose vector components in curly braces ({})

B. As FVEC is a binary format and the vector dimensions have a known width, fixed offsets
can be
used to make parsing the vectors fast and efficient
C. Use sparse format for vector data
D. Rely on SQL*Loader’s automatic normalization of vector data

Answer: A

What is the correct order of steps for building a RAG application using PL/SQL in
Oracle Database 23ai?

A. Load ONNX Model, Vectorize Question, Load Document, Split Text into Chunks, Create
Embeddings, Perform Vector Search, Generate Output
B. Load Document, Split Text into Chunks, Load ONNX Model, Create Embeddings, Vectorize
Question, Perform Vector Search, Generate Output
C. Vectorize Question, Load ONNX Model, Load Document, Split Text into Chunks, Create
Embeddings, Perform Vector Search, Generate Output
D. Load Document, Load ONNX Model, Split Text into Chunks, Create Embeddings,
VectorizeQuestion, Perform Vector Search, Generate Output

Answer: B

Which of the following best describes the role of a vector index in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. It compresses large datasets to optimize storage within Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI).
B. It replaces traditional indexes for structured query searches in Oracle Database.
C. It organizes and stores high-dimensional vector embeddings for efficient similarity
search.
D. It converts text-based queries into SQL for relational database retrieval.

Answer: C

What is the primary purpose of the DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_CHUNKS package

in a RAG application?

A. To generate vector embeddings from a text document

B. To load a document into the database
C. To split a large document into smaller chunks to improve vector quality by minimizing
token
truncation
D. To convert a document into a single, large text string

Answer: C

What is the first step in setting up the practice environment for Select AI?

A. Optionally create an OCI compartment

B. Create a policy to enable access to OCI Generative AI
C. Drop any compartment that does not use OCI Generative AI
D. Create a new user account with elevated privileges
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Question: 18
Question: 19

Answer: A

• Explanation: In Oracle Database 23ai, the TO_VECTOR function (A) converts a

string representation of a vector (e.g., '[1.2, 3.4]') into a VECTOR data type with
specified format (e.g., FLOAT32) and dimensions (here, 2). It’s designed for creating
vectors from text input, matching the requirement. VECTOR_DISTANCE (B) calculates
distances between vectors, not generates them.FROM_VECTOR (C) isn’t a
documented function; it might be confused with serialization or extraction, but it’s
not standard. VECTOR_SERIALIZE (D) converts a vector to a string, the opposite of
what’s needed. Oracle’s SQL reference confirms TO_VECTOR for this purpose, parsing
the string into a 2D FLOAT32 vector. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language
Reference, Section on TO_VECTOR. What is the primary purpose of the
VECTOR_EMBEDDING function in Oracle Database 23ai?

A. To calculate vector dimensions

B. To calculate vector distances
C. To serialize vectors into a string
D. To generate a single vector embedding for data
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Question: 46
Question: 47

Answer: D

• Explanation: In Oracle Database 23ai, the VECTOR_DISTANCE function calculates

the distance between two vectors using a specified metric. The COSINE parameter in
the query (vector_distance(vector, :vector, COSINE)) instructs the database to use the
cosine distance metric (C) to measure similarity. Cosine distance, defined as 1 -
cosine similarity, is ideal for high-dimensional vectors (e.g., text embeddings) as it
focuses on angular separation rather than magnitude. It doesn’t filter vectors (A);
filtering requires additional conditions (e.g., WHERE clause). It doesn’t convert
vector formats (B); vectors are already in the VECTOR type. It also doesn’t specify
encoding (D), which is defined during vector creation (e.g., FLOAT32). Oracle’s
documentation confirms COSINE as one of the supported metrics for similarity
search. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on
VECTOR_DISTANCE. In the following Python code, what is the significance of
prepending the source filename to each text chunk before storing it in the vector
database? bash CollapseWrapCopy docs = [{"text": filename + "|" + section, "path":
filename} for filename, sections in faqs.items() for section in sections] # Sample the
resulting data docs[:2]

A. It preserves context and aids in the retrieval process by associating each vectorized
chunk with its
original source file
B. It helps differentiate between chunks from different files but has no impact on
vectorization
C. It speeds up the vectorization process by providing a unique identifier for each chunk
D. It improves the accuracy of the LLM by providing additional training data

Answer: A

• Explanation: In Oracle Database 23ai, vector distance calculations are primarily

handled by the VECTOR_DISTANCE function, which supports multiple metrics (e.g.,
COSINE, EUCLIDEAN) specified as parameters (e.g., VECTOR_DISTANCE(v1, v2,
EUCLIDEAN)). However, the question implies distinct functions, a common
convention in some databases or libraries, and Oracle’s documentation aligns
L2_DISTANCE (B) with the Euclidean metric. L2 (Euclidean) distance is the straight-
line distance between two points in vector space, computed as (xi - yi)², where xi
and yi are vector components. For example, for vectors [1, 2] and [4, 6], L2 distance is
((1-4)² + (2-6)²) = (9 + 16) = 5. Option A, L1_DISTANCE, represents Manhattan
distance (|xi - yi|), summing absolute differences— not Euclidean. Option C,
HAMMING_DISTANCE, counts differing bits, suited for binary vectors (e.g., INT8), not
continuous Euclidean spaces typically used with FLOAT32 embeddings. Option D,
COSINE_DISTANCE (1 - cosine similarity), measures angular separation, distinct from
Euclidean’s magnitude-inclusive approach. While VECTOR_DISTANCE is the general
function in 23ai, L2_DISTANCE may be an alias or a contextual shorthand in some
Oracle AI examples, reflecting Euclidean’s prominence in geometric similarity tasks.
Misinterpreting this could lead to choosing COSINE for spatial tasks where
magnitude matters, skewing results. Oracle’s vector search framework supports
Euclidean via VECTOR_DISTANCE, but B aligns with the question’s phrasing.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on
VECTOR_DISTANCE; AI Vector Search Guide, Distance Metrics. What is a key
advantage of using GoldenGate 23ai for managing and distributing vector data for AI
applications?

A. Real-time vector data updates across locations

B. Automatic translation of vector embeddings between formats
C. Specialized vector embedding compression
D. Built-in version control for vector data

Answer: A

• Explanation: In Oracle Database 23ai, vector indexes (e.g., HNSW, IVF) are built
with a specific distance metric (e.g., cosine, Euclidean) that defines how similarity is
computed. If a query specifies a different metric (e.g., querying with Euclidean on a
cosine-based index), the index cannot be used effectively, and the query fails (A) with
an error, as the mismatch invalidates the index’s structure. An exact match search
(B) doesn’t occur automatically; Oracle requires explicit control. The index doesn’t
update itself (C), and warnings (D) are not the default behavior—errors are raised
instead. Oracle’s documentation mandates metric consistency for index usage.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Vector Index
Metrics. What are the key advantages and considerations of using Retrieval
Augmented Generation (RAG) in the context of Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. It excels at optimizing the performance and efficiency of LLM inference through advanced
caching
and precomputation techniques, leading to faster response times but potentially increasing
storage
requirements
B. It prioritizes real-time data extraction and summarization from various sources to ensure
the LLM
always has the most up-to-date information
C. It focuses on training specialized LLMs within the database environment for specific
tasks, offering
greater control over model behavior and data privacy but potentially requiring more
development effort
D. It leverages existing database security and access controls, thereby enabling secure and
controlled
access to both the database content and the LLM

Answer: D

• Explanation: In Oracle Database 23ai, vector search accuracy hinges on the

consistency of the embedding model. The VECTOR data type stores embeddings as
fixed-dimensional arrays, and similarity searches (e.g., using VECTOR_DISTANCE)
assume that all vectors—stored and query—are generated by the same model. This
ensures they occupy the same semantic space, making distance calculations
meaningful. Regular updates (B) maintain data freshness, but if the model changes,
integrity is compromised unless all embeddings are regenerated consistently. The
distance algorithm (C) (e.g., cosine, Euclidean) defines how similarity is measured
but relies on consistent embeddings; an incorrect model mismatch undermines any
algorithm. Physical storage location (D) affects performance, not integrity. Oracle’s
documentation stresses model consistency as a prerequisite for reliable vector
search within its native capabilities. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector
Search Guide, Chapter on Vector Search Prerequisites. Which DDL operation is NOT
permitted on a table containing a VECTOR column in Oracle Database 23ai?

A. Creating a new table using CTAS (CREATE TABLE AS SELECT) that includes the VECTOR
column from the original table
B. Dropping an existing VECTOR column from the table
C. Modifying the data type of an existing VECTOR column to a non-VECTOR type
D. Adding a new VECTOR column to the table

Answer: C

• Explanation: In Oracle Database 23ai’s Select AI, security between the Autonomous
Database and OCI Generative AI is managed using Resource Principals (B). This
mechanism allows the database instance to authenticate itself to OCI services
without hardcoding credentials, enhancing security by avoiding exposure of
sensitive keys. TLS/SSL encryption (A) is used for data-in-transit security, but it’s a
complementary layer, not the primary management method. A VPN tunnel (C) is
unnecessary within OCI’s secure infrastructure and not specified for Select AI.
Manual API key entry (D) is impractical and insecure for automated database
interactions. Oracle’s documentation on Select AI highlights Resource Principals as
the secure, scalable authentication method. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai New
Features Guide, Section on Select AI Security. You are storing 1,000 embeddings in
a VECTOR column, each with 256 dimensions using FLOAT32. What is the
approximate size of the data on disk? 10/142

A. 1 MB
B. 4 MB
C. 256 KB
D. 1 GB

Answer: B

• Explanation: In the provided Python code, the sentence_transformers library (A) is

imported and used to instantiate a SentenceTransformer object with the ‘all-MiniLM-
L12-v2’ model. This library is designed to vectorize text (e.g., chunks and questions)
into embeddings, a common step in RAG applications. The oracledb library (C)
handles database connectivity, not vectorization. oci (B) is for OCI service interaction,
not text embedding. json (D) processes JSON data, not vectors. The code explicitly
uses sentence_transformers for vectorization, consistent with Oracle’s examples for
external embedding integration. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search
Guide, Section on External Embeddings. What is the function of the COSINE
parameter in the SQL query used to retrieve similar vectors? topk = 3 sql = f"""select
payload, vector_distance(vector, :vector, COSINE) as score from {table_name} order
by score fetch approximate {topk} rows only"""

A. It filters out vectors with a cosine similarity below a certain threshold

B. It converts the vectors to a format compatible with the SQL database
C. It indicates that the cosine distance metric should be used to measure similarity between
vectors
D. It specifies the type of vector encoding used in the database
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Answer: C

• Explanation: Increasing search recall improves accuracy but reduces performance

because more candidates must be evaluated. Batch queries, partitions, and vector
dimensionality affect efficiency but not in the ways described. What is a key
advantage of storing embeddings as a vector data type rather than as raw
unstructured data?

A. It allows direct execution of complex SQL joins without additional processing.

B. It reduces memory consumption by converting vectors into binary values.
C. It ensures automatic enforcement of relational constraints on unstructured data.
D. It enables efficient similarity search using optimized indexing techniques.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Increasing the bind array size in SQL Loader allows larger batch
processing, improving performance during vector data ingestion. Reducing memory
allocation, embedding compression, and transactional mode are useful in different
scenarios but do not directly enhance SQL Loader’s efficiency. Which SQL command
is most efficient for removing outdated vector data?
A. The DELETE statement with a WHERE clause filtering embeddings.
B. The DROP command removing the entire vector storage database.
C. The TRUNCATE function eliminating all stored vector instances.
D. The UPDATE statement replacing vectors with empty placeholders.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Increasing the number of partitions probed during a query enhances

accuracy by retrieving more 124/142 candidate vectors, though at the cost of
increased computational complexity. It does not reduce memory consumption,
decrease distance calculations, or require extra metadata storage. What is the
primary characteristic of an exact similarity search in vector databases?

A. It retrieves the most relevant candidates by probing limited partitions

B. It applies clustering-based indexing to organize vector embeddings
C. It estimates distances using probabilistic nearest neighbor techniques
D. It computes the similarity between all stored vectors and the query vector

Answer: D

• Explanation: Indexed columns in relational tables significantly improve retrieval

speed by making vectorized content easily searchable. Compressed binary objects
may slow retrieval, NoSQL databases lack full SQL integration, and JSON adds
unnecessary overhead. Which condition must be met before creating a vector
index?

A. The table must already have a defined primary key field.

B. The vector storage must be converted into binary type.
C. The vector column must have a fixed dimension assigned.
D. The embeddings must be normalized before being stored.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Indexing a vector column requires selecting a method that supports

the desired similarity function. Text conversion is not needed, primary keys are not
mandatory, and embeddings do not require separate relational storage. How does
Oracle AI Vector Search perform multi-document similarity search? 99/142

A. It transforms document embeddings into keyword maps

B. It represents each document with multiple vector chunks
C. It applies AI models to dynamically rank the top results
D. It stores compressed embeddings to speed up queries

Answer: B

• Explanation: Indexing strategies, such as HNSW or locality-sensitive hashing (LSH),

significantly impact query performance by optimizing vector retrieval speed.
Traditional relational database strategies like primary keys, table partitioning, and
normalization are less relevant to high-dimensional vector searches. Which key
characteristic makes vector data type ideal for semantic queries in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. It maintains a fixed-length structure for easy indexing in databases.

B. It ensures compatibility with traditional relational SQL indexing methods.
C. It reduces data storage requirements through aggressive compression.
D. It encodes relationships between data points in high-dimensional space.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Inserting vector embeddings into an Oracle table is done using SQL
INSERT statements, typically through Python’s cx_Oracle or oracledb library. The
dbms_ai_search.insert_vector function does not exist, and SELECT store_embedding
FROM dual is not a valid approach. UPDATE is used to modify existing records, not
insert new ones. Which feature of Oracle AI Vector Search allows the creation of
specialized indexes for vectors?

A. The requirement to store vector embeddings as plain text data.

B. The support for multiple distance functions tailored to specific needs.
C. The use of a binary tree index structure for vector comparison.
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D. The automatic detection of embedding formats during index creation.

Answer: B
• Explanation: IVF (Inverted File Index) improves search efficiency by clustering
vectors into partitions (also called "cells"), reducing the number of comparisons
needed during retrieval. Unlike brute-force search, IVF does not guarantee exact
nearest neighbors but offers a balance between speed and accuracy. It still relies on
similarity metrics and does not inherently prevent dimensionality reduction.
Which external library is commonly used to generate image embeddings before
inserting into Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Pandas for processing tabular image metadata

B. TensorFlow or PyTorch for deep learning-based feature vectors
C. Hadoop for distributing image features across clusters
D. OpenCV for edge detection and feature extraction

Answer: B

• Explanation: IVF (Inverted File) indexes in Oracle 23ai partition vectors into
clusters, probing a subset during queries for efficiency. Incomplete results suggest
insufficient partitions are probed, reducing recall. The TARGET_ACCURACY clause
(A) allows users to specify a desired accuracy percentage (e.g., 90%), dynamically
increasing the number of probed partitions to meet this target, thus improving
accuracy at the cost of latency. Switching to HNSW (B) offers higher accuracy but
requires re-indexing and may not be necessary if IVF tuning suffices. Increasing
VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE (C) allocates more memory for vector operations but doesn’t
directly affect probe count. EFCONSTRUCTION (D) is an HNSW parameter, irrelevant
to IVF. Oracle’s IVF documentation highlights TARGET_ACCURACY as the
recommended tuning mechanism. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search
Guide, Section on IVF Index Tuning. What happens when querying with an IVF
index if you increase the value of the NEIGHBOR_PARTITIONS probes parameter?

A. The number of centroids decreases

B. Accuracy decreases
C. Index creation time is reduced
D. More partitions are probed, improving accuracy, but also increasing query latency

Answer: D

• Explanation: IVF assigns vectors to centroids and restricts searches to relevant

clusters for efficiency. Expanding to all partitions negates the purpose of IVF, while
dynamic scaling and sequential scanning do not improve efficiency. 59/142
Why is cosine similarity preferred for text embeddings over Euclidean distance?

A. It prevents vector outliers from affecting the final search results.

B. It improves computational speed by enforcing strict value sorting.
C. It focuses on angular relationships rather than absolute magnitudes.
D. It allows exact semantic matching in high-dimensional vector space.

Answer: C

• Explanation: IVF clusters vectors into partitions, reducing the number of

comparisons required for retrieval. It does not use exhaustive search, continuously
reorganize embeddings, or guarantee exact matches. 64/142 Which approach
ensures optimal performance when using Oracle Data Pump with AI Vector Search?

A. Storing embeddings in external tables before processing

B. Using AI-driven query optimization to improve search
C. Applying batch transformations before vector import
D. Leveraging parallel execution and direct path loading

Answer: D

• Explanation: IVF speeds up searches by restricting queries to a subset of vectors in

relevant partitions, unlike brute- force search, which compares all stored vectors. It
does not precompute similarity scores, convert embeddings into integer formats, or
dynamically assign vectors to multiple partitions. 92/142 Which approach
ensures seamless integration of externally generated embeddings with Oracle AI
Vector Search?

A. Extracting embeddings with varying dimensions based on context

B. Using an embedding model that matches the expected vector dimensionality
C. Storing raw text and computing embeddings dynamically in SQL queries
D. Using external REST APIs to fetch embeddings during query execution

Answer: B

• Explanation: Jaccard similarity is ideal for categorical data, as it measures the

intersection-over-union of set elements. Unlike Euclidean or cosine similarity, it is
not suitable for continuous numerical embeddings or high- dimensional AI search.
Which approach enhances the factual accuracy of responses in a RAG-based model?

A. Applying rule-based filtering to prioritize domain-specific high-frequency terms

B. Expanding document retrieval scope to improve answer generation breadth
C. Storing vector embeddings using deterministic hierarchical data structures
D. Fine-tuning post-retrieval validation to align responses with source data
Answer: D

• Explanation: Jaccard similarity is ideal for categorical embeddings because it

measures the overlap between non- continuous vector representations. Cosine
similarity, Euclidean distance, and Minkowski distance are more appropriate for
continuous numerical embeddings rather than categorical comparisons. Which
factor improves retrieval robustness in a RAG-based knowledge system?

A. Applying deterministic query transformations to enhance interpretation

B. Expanding retrieval scope to include generalized non-specialized sources
C. Using context-aware reranking techniques to optimize result prioritization
D. Storing embeddings as variable-length representations for flexible access

Answer: C

• Explanation: L2 normalization ensures consistent vector magnitudes, improving

similarity search performance. Numerical binning removes precision, multi-table
joins increase query complexity, and hexadecimal 101/142 encoding is not
suitable for vector storage. Which capability of Select AI with Autonomous
simplifies AI-powered data retrieval?

A. It enables conversational AI-based database querying

B. It uses vector clustering to optimize document ranking
C. It transforms structured queries into deep embeddings
D. It applies reinforcement learning to improve indexing

Answer: A

• Explanation: L2 normalization ensures that all embeddings have a unit norm,

which is essential for computing cosine similarity correctly. Without normalization,
vector magnitudes can distort similarity scores. While dimensionality reduction and
sparse matrices can be useful in some cases, they are not always necessary. Base64
encoding is irrelevant to similarity search. Which design consideration is essential
for optimizing a RAG workflow in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Storing context-aware representations as structured text fields for retrieval

B. Indexing document content as unstructured hierarchical representations
C. Using embedding caching mechanisms to minimize redundant vector computations
D. Expanding retrieval pipelines to include deterministic rule-based decisions
Answer: C

• Explanation: L2 normalization standardizes vector magnitudes, ensuring accurate

similarity comparisons. One-hot encoding is not suitable for continuous embeddings,
dense indexing is not designed for vector search, and XML formats reduce efficiency.
When generating vector embeddings outside the database, what is the most suitable
option for storing the embeddings for later use? 3/142

A. In a CSV file
B. In a binary FVEC file with the relational data in a CSV file
C. In the database as BLOB (Binary Large Object) data
D. In a dedicated vector database

Answer: D

• Explanation: Loops and conditionals allow for dynamic retrieval workflows,

enabling customized responses. Storing embeddings in temporary tables does not
enhance dynamic retrieval, exceptions handle errors but not workflow logic, and
predefining stored outcomes limits adaptability. Which PL/SQL feature can help
with the integration of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. Applying stored functions to filter documents based on query relevance

B. Using PL/SQL collections to store multiple embeddings for batch processing
C. Storing embeddings in a centralized NoSQL database for faster access
D. Using triggers to automatically update embeddings when documents change
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Question: 260
Question: 261
Question: 262

Answer: A

• Explanation: Maintaining consistent data formats and proper field mappings is

essential for accurate vector embedding exports. Temporary storage, AI-based
transformations, and relational conversion are valuable but do not ensure export
consistency as effectively. Which method optimizes AI vector search on Exadata AI
Storage for high-dimensional embeddings?

A. Perform batch normalization of embeddings in queries

B. Implement HNSW indexing with workload-aware tuning
C. Use locality-sensitive hashing to reduce search space
D. Apply dynamic range partitioning for vector storage

Answer: B

• Explanation: Maintaining floating-point precision is crucial for ensuring accurate

similarity computations. Fixed-length strings lose precision, distributed key-value
storage is not optimized for vector queries, and categorical indexing is not effective
for embeddings. When integrating vector search with PL/SQL in a RAG application,
which PL/SQL technique optimizes retrieval performance?

A. Using nested loops to manually filter out irrelevant document results

B. Writing PL/SQL functions to encode documents before storing them in the database
C. Implementing parallel query execution to enhance vector search speed
D. Expanding memory allocation for vector storage in relational tables

Answer: C

• Explanation: Managing knowledge drift ensures retrieved information stays

relevant. Expanding neural layers does not enhance retrieval, conventional indexing
is not optimized for vectors, and deterministic models lack flexibility for RAG.
Which method helps ensure accurate vector ingestion using SQL Loader?

A. Applying in-memory indexing for optimized searches

B. Storing vector data as JSON for structured retrieval
C. Enabling query-driven pre-processing for embeddings
D. Using proper field delimiters and consistent formatting

Answer: D

• Explanation: Manhattan distance calculates absolute differences between vector

components, making it less sensitive to outliers compared to Euclidean distance.
Unlike cosine similarity, it does not measure angular relationships, nor does it
normalize vectors or prevent index fragmentation in AI search applications. Which
Oracle database data type is best suited for storing vector embeddings efficiently?

A. Choosing CLOB data type for preserving floating-point precision

B. Using BLOB fields to store high-dimensional vector representations
C. Using relational tables to hold individual vector components
D. Storing embeddings as VARCHAR to maintain flexible structures

Answer: B

• Explanation: Meaningful similarity search relies on the consistency of the vector

space in which embeddings reside. Vector embeddings are generated by models (e.g.,
BERT, SentenceTransformer) that map data into a high-dimensional space, where
proximity reflects semantic similarity. If different models are used for the dataset
and query vector, the embeddings will be in incompatible spaces, rendering distance
metrics (e.g., cosine, Euclidean) unreliable. The programming language (A) affects
implementation but not the semantic consistency of embeddings—Python or Java
can use the same model equally well. The physical storage location (B) impacts
accessibility and latency but not the mathematical validity of similarity comparisons.
The storage format (C) influences parsing andingestion but does not determine the
embedding space. Oracle 23ai’s vector search framework explicitly requires the same
embedding model 4/142 for data and queries to ensure accurate results, a
principle that applies universally, even outside the database. Reference: Oracle
Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Vector Embedding Consistency.
You are working with vector search in Oracle Database 23ai and need to ensure the
integrity of your vector data during storage and retrieval. Which factor is crucial for
maintaining the accuracy and reliability of your vector search results?

A. Using the same embedding model for both vector creation and similarity search
B. Regularly updating vector embeddings to reflect changes in the source data
C. The specific distance algorithm employed for vector comparisons
D. The physical storage location of the vector data

Answer: A

• Explanation: MERGE enables upserts, efficiently combining INSERT and UPDATE

operations for vector embeddings. It does not automatically enforce uniqueness,
impose strict constraints, or reduce indexing overhead through precomputations.
117/142 Which approach enhances response consistency when designing a
RAG application?

A. Using categorical vector indexing to group knowledge contextually

B. Fine-tuning post-retrieval validation to improve factual coherence
C. Applying heuristic-based transformations to refine generated responses
D. Expanding document embedding dimensionality to enhance representation
Answer: B

• Explanation: Minkowski distance is a flexible metric that generalizes Euclidean,

Manhattan, and Chebyshev distances based on its exponent parameter. Unlike
normalization, indexing, or exact match enforcement, its adaptability makes it useful
for diverse AI vector search applications. Which key feature of approximate
similarity search makes it more efficient than exact search?

A. It limits comparisons to a subset of indexed vectors for faster retrieval

B. It applies exhaustive brute-force computation to find optimal neighbors
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C. It dynamically adjusts stored embeddings to improve similarity precision
D. It prioritizes deterministic accuracy over computational time efficiency

Answer: A

• Explanation: Minkowski distance is a generalized metric that encompasses

Euclidean, Manhattan, and Chebyshev distances by adjusting an exponent parameter.
It does not enforce vector length constraints or optimize index expansion in vector
search. Which distance metric is most commonly used in exact similarity search for
high-dimensional data?

A. Manhattan distance, which computes distances along coordinate axes

B. Cosine distance, which is optimized for partitioned vector indexing
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C. Jaccard similarity, which evaluates overlap in categorical attributes
D. Euclidean distance, which measures direct vector differences in space
Answer: D

• Explanation: Modifying an index structure requires rebuilding it for accuracy.

Separating tables, changing storage types, or modifying similarity functions is not
mandatory. Which technique is required to optimize in-database vector
embedding calculations?

A. Storing vectors in relational tables to maintain query flexibility

B. Expanding vector dimensionality to increase precision in search
C. Normalizing vectors before applying similarity search operations
D. Converting floating-point values into integers to reduce storage size

Answer: C

• Explanation: Multi-vector similarity search allows context-aware search within

large document collections, ensuring relevant sections are retrieved rather than
entire documents. Compression, AI ranking, and structured key mappings improve
efficiency but do not define the main advantage. Which factor impacts the choice of
distance metric for indexing vectors?

A. The mathematical properties of the stored vector embeddings.

B. The number of partitions used to distribute stored embeddings.
C. The predefined table structure assigned to store vector data.
D. The number of indexes applied across different vector columns.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Multi-vector similarity search allows searching across multiple

document sections, making retrieval more accurate and context-aware. The other
options, including vector compression, structured queries, and AI ranking
optimizations, are useful but do not define multi-vector search's primary advantage.
What happens if the M parameter is set too low when configuring an HNSW vector
index?

A. The vector embeddings automatically reorganize into logical clusters

B. The vector search engine switches to an exact nearest neighbor approach
C. Search queries return highly inaccurate results due to limited connections
D. Search results remain unaffected as M only controls storage size

Answer: C
• Explanation: Multi-vector similarity search enables partial document matching,
ensuring that specific sections of documents are retrieved rather than entire
documents. Vector compression, AI-generated keywords, and metadata ranking
enhance search in different ways but do not define multi-vector retrieval. Which of
the following best describes how a RAG application uses PL/SQL in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. It uses PL/SQL to fine-tune large language models inside the Oracle database
B. It generates embeddings and converts them back into relational database records
C. It replaces traditional SQL queries with AI-driven predictive models
D. It retrieves semantically similar documents and uses them to enhance AI-generated
responses

Answer: D

• Explanation: Multi-vector similarity search improves document retrieval by

allowing partial matching within document fragments, ensuring relevant sections
are retrieved. The other options, including vector compression, structured queries,
and AI ranking, help but do not define multi-vector search’s primary advantage.
Which Oracle database configuration improves storage efficiency for vector
embeddings?

A. Using columnar storage for vector fields to optimize query speed

B. Expanding embedding size to capture more meaningful dimensions
C. Converting vectors into sparse representations to reduce storage
D. Enforcing strict primary keys on embeddings for retrieval speed

Answer: A

• Explanation: Neural networks are the most effective for generating deep feature
representations inside Oracle. Factorization models work well for relational data but
not embeddings. Linear regression and decision trees do not capture complex vector
spaces. What is the main reason IVF can achieve faster search times compared to
brute-force vector search?

A. It converts vector embeddings into fixed-length integer representations

B. It precomputes similarity scores to speed up nearest neighbor retrieval
C. It limits the number of vectors searched by using partitioned clusters
D. It assigns each vector to multiple overlapping partitions dynamically

Answer: C
• Explanation: Normalizing input text ensures consistent embedding generation,
improving retrieval accuracy when performing semantic searches in Oracle AI
Vector Search. Storing embeddings as JSON does not enhance search efficiency,
database triggers are not used for vector indexing, and traditional indexing is not
optimized for high-dimensional vectors. Why is bulk inserting vector embeddings
often more efficient than single inserts?

A. It updates the indexing process dynamically during each insertion.

B. It automatically applies normalization before inserting embeddings.
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C. It reduces the number of transactions required for storing vectors.
D. It enforces strict dimensional constraints for every stored vector.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Normalizing vectors ensures accurate similarity calculations when

using distance-based metrics like cosine similarity. Converting to integers loses
precision, increasing dimensionality adds complexity, and relational tables are not
optimized for similarity search. Which strategy enhances the contextual accuracy
of retrieved documents in a RAG system?

A. Expanding document retrieval scope to maximize coverage across sources

B. Applying frequency-based term weighting to prioritize high-occurrence words
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C. Storing vector embeddings in structured relational schemas for consistency
D. Implementing reranking models to refine similarity-based ranking effectively

Answer: D
• Explanation: Normalizing vectors ensures accurate similarity calculations,
improving search results. Numerical arrays are not a standard data type, text search
functions do not work for embeddings, and range-based partitioning is not ideal for
vector search. What determines the choice of vector index type in Oracle AI Search?

A. The sequence of insertion for each vector database.

B. The size and dimensionality of stored vector embeddings.
C. The number of relational constraints applied to vectors.
D. The encoding method used to process stored records.

Answer: B

• Explanation: One of the trade-offs of using HNSW is its memory-intensive nature,

as the algorithm maintains multiple connections per node for efficient traversal. It
does support high-dimensional embeddings, cosine similarity, and incremental
updates, making the other options incorrect. What is the best practice before
performing bulk updates on vector columns?

A. Temporarily disabling indexing to optimize the update operation.

B. Storing all embeddings as JSON objects for improved efficiency.
C. Using foreign keys to link vectors with precomputed embeddings.
D. Applying normalization to vectors before executing transactions.
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Question: 307
Question: 308
Question: 309

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle 23ai supports two main vector indexes: IVF and HNSW. HNSW
(D) is renowned for its speed and accuracy, using a hierarchical graph to connect
vectors, enabling fast ANN searches with high recall—ideal for latency-sensitive
applications like real-time RAG. IVF (C) partitions vectors for scalability but often
requires tuning (e.g., NEIGHBOR_PARTITIONS) to match HNSW’s accuracy, trading off
recall for memory efficiency. BT (A) isn’t a 23ai vector index; it’s a generic term
unrelated here. IFS (B) seems a typo for IVF; no such index exists. HNSW’s graph
structure outperforms IVF in small-to-medium datasets or where precision matters,
as Oracle’s documentation and benchmarks highlight, making it a go-to for balanced
performance. 31/142 Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide,
Section on HNSW Indexing. What is the purpose of the Vector Pool in Oracle
Database 23ai?

A. To manage database partitioning

B. To store HNSW vector indexes and IVF index metadata
C. To enable longer SQL execution
D. To store non-vector data types

Answer: B

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search allows fine-tuning of HNSW search behavior

through parameters like ef_search (which controls search depth) and M (which sets
the number of connections per node). These parameters help adjust the balance
between accuracy and search speed. The system does not partition vectors based on
search criteria, clustering is not automatic, and exact nearest neighbor calculations
are not enforced in HNSW. 141/142 What is the primary role of quantization in
approximate similarity search?

A. It reduces the size of vector embeddings to improve retrieval efficiency

B. It restructures the search space dynamically to optimize search recall
C. It ensures exact results by avoiding numerical approximation techniques
D. It applies probability distributions to estimate vector similarity scores

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search allows the use of various distance functions
for indexing vectors. Embedding formats are not automatically detected, plain text
storage is not necessary, and binary trees are not optimal for vector indexing.
What is a key consideration when loading vector data using Oracle Data Pump?

A. Using in-memory processing to optimize search retrieval

B. Applying AI-driven transformations before data ingestion
C. Ensuring format consistency for accurate import execution
D. Enabling real-time indexing of embeddings upon loading

Answer: C

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search breaks documents into multiple vector

chunks, enabling context-based retrieval within multi-document search. The other
choices, including AI ranking, compressed storage, and keyword mapping, aid search
efficiency but do not define the core method used. When creating a vector index,
which factor directly affects the indexing speed?

A. The number of dimensions within the vector embeddings.

B. The availability of GPU resources for computation.
C. The frequency of search operations performed on the table.
D. The total number of records inserted into the database.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search enables AI-driven queries to retrieve

semantically relevant text, enhancing LLM-based responses in a RAG pipeline. It does
not replace relational queries, does not remove deep learning models, and not all
textual inputs need to be converted into embeddings. Why is high-dimensional
indexing necessary for vector data types in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. It guarantees exact matches for categorical data classification.

B. It enhances performance by enforcing referential integrity constraints.
C. It optimizes space allocation by reducing vector memory footprint.
D. It enables efficient similarity searches in unstructured datasets.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search expects arrays of floating-point numbers for

similarity calculations. Using strings or nested dictionaries would require extra
processing, increasing latency. Categorical variables do not effectively represent
continuous vector space relationships. What role does cosine similarity play in
Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. It acts as a compression algorithm for high-dimensional vectors

B. It measures the angular difference between two vectors to determine similarity
C. It normalizes data before storing it in a vector database
D. It ensures all vector embeddings have the same length

Answer: B

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search is designed for efficient storage, indexing,

and retrieval of vector embeddings. Partitioned tables improve general SQL
performance but do not optimize vector search. XML storage is not efficient for
embeddings, and materialized views are mainly used for query optimization rather
than similarity search. What is required when defining a vector index in Oracle AI
Vector Search?

A. A composite index including a reference key column.

B. A foreign key linking vectors to other stored records.
C. A unique constraint preventing duplicate vector entries.
D. A predefined vector distance metric to compare embeddings.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search is specifically designed for indexing and

querying high-dimensional vector data, enabling AI-driven similarity searches. Other
Oracle technologies, such as RAC, Data Guard, and GoldenGate, are essential for
general database management but are not tailored for vector search performance.
127/142 How does multi-vector similarity search enhance document retrieval?

A. By transforming text queries into AI-generated keywords

B. By ranking results based on stored metadata attributes
C. By indexing documents with compressed vector formats
D. By enabling partial document matching using embeddings

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search is specifically designed to handle vector

embeddings, enabling efficient storage, indexing, and retrieval of high-dimensional
data. Unlike Oracle Text, which focuses on full-text search, or Oracle Spatial and
Graph, which deals with geospatial and network data, Oracle AI Vector Search is
optimized for similarity-based queries using embeddings. It integrates with Oracle
databases to provide seamless vector search capabilities, making it a crucial tool for
AI-driven applications. Which of the following must be configured before creating a
vector index on a table? 53/142

A. A foreign key linking the vector column to another table.

B. A text-based column to store query results for later retrieval.
C. A vector column with an appropriate dimension size.
D. A column of timestamp data to track vector modification times.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search provides specialized indexing to enhance

vector query performance. JSON increases overhead, relational joins are not efficient
for vector retrieval, and expanding dimensionality increases computation costs.
What is the key advantage of Exadata AI Storage for large-scale AI vector search
workloads?

A. It optimizes performance using AI-based workload balancing

B. It enhances retrieval speed by using dedicated AI engines
C. It enables efficient indexing by clustering vector spaces
D. It minimizes storage footprint through adaptive compression

Answer: B

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search requires compatible embeddings for

accurate similarity computation. Using separate tables is unnecessary, variable-
length embeddings disrupt indexing, and storing as categorical variables prevents
effective similarity search. Which property of HNSW ensures fast search traversal
across large-scale vector datasets?

A. The hierarchical structure with multi-layer indexing

B. The direct mapping of vectors to keyword-based search
C. The automatic pruning of less relevant vector clusters
D. The partitioned storage of vector embeddings per node

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search requires consistent vector dimensionality to

ensure accurate similarity 83/142 computations. Transforming into
categorical values removes continuous relationships, hybrid indexing is not
specialized for embeddings, and compressed binary objects complicate retrieval.
Which scenario best illustrates the use of vector embeddings in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. A financial application uses vector embeddings to validate transaction IDs.

B. A batch processing system compresses numerical data into lower-dimensional vectors.
C. A relational database enforces entity relationships using embedding-based joins.
D. A search engine retrieves semantically similar documents using embeddings.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search uses approximate nearest neighbor (ANN)

search, reducing search complexity while maintaining accuracy in multi-vector
similarity searches. Relational keys, AI-driven re-ranking, and vector compression
help in different ways but do not directly optimize query performance. What is a
primary advantage of using IVF over brute-force search in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. It enforces exact nearest neighbor retrieval for high accuracy

B. It eliminates the need for similarity metrics in vector search
C. It prevents dimensionality reduction from affecting accuracy
D. It reduces search complexity by clustering vector embeddings

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search utilizes Approximate Nearest Neighbor

(ANN) algorithms to speed up high- dimensional vector searches. ANN techniques,
such as Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) graphs or Locality-Sensitive
Hashing (LSH), allow for efficient retrieval of similar vectors without having to
compare every single vector in the dataset. This significantly improves search
performance in large-scale applications. Unlike relational data structures or text-
based storage, vector databases require specialized indexing methods to optimize
similarity queries. How should a RAG application pre-process text before
embedding generation?

A. Normalize inputs by mapping words to predefined labels

B. Use SQL-based preprocessing to generate embeddings
C. Convert text into vector indexes for optimized retrieval
D. Apply tokenization, lowercasing, and stopword removal

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle AI Vector Search with Autonomous Database is specifically

optimized for vector-based searches, making it the best choice for large-scale AI
applications that rely on high-dimensional embeddings. It integrates vector indexing
techniques such as HNSW, ensuring fast similarity searches. While Exadata is
optimized for high-performance OLTP and OLAP workloads, Autonomous JSON
Database is specialized 104/142 for NoSQL applications, and Cloud Object
Storage is primarily used for unstructured file storage rather than vector search.
Which optimization strategy can improve the performance of exact similarity search
without reducing accuracy?

A. Applying probabilistic sampling to estimate the most relevant candidates

B. Using compressed representations of vectors to optimize query execution
C. Reducing the number of stored vectors using dynamic pruning techniques
D. Executing vector comparisons in parallel across multiple processing units
Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle Autonomous Database enhances performance by optimizing

ML execution and parallelizing operations for large-scale embedding generation.
Nested SQL queries are inefficient, regular indexing does not optimize vector search,
and row-based storage is not designed for embeddings. Which factor most affects
the memory consumption of an IVF vector index?

A. The frequency of query execution and the caching mechanism applied

B. The partition pruning strategy and the frequency of index rebuilding
C. The similarity function used and the method of distance computation
D. The number of partitions and the number of stored vector embeddings

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle Autonomous Database with AI Vector Search is specifically

designed to store and retrieve high- dimensional vector embeddings efficiently. It
integrates vector similarity search capabilities within a scalable database, allowing
users to query using approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) algorithms. While Oracle
Object Storage can store raw data, it is not optimized for search. Oracle NoSQL
Database can handle large amounts of unstructured data but lacks built-in AI vector
search functionality. Oracle Event Hub is used for real-time event streaming rather
than AI-powered search. Which technique is commonly used to improve retrieval
speed in approximate similarity search?

A. Partitioning the dataset into clusters to reduce search space per query
B. Generating synthetic query vectors to refine search result confidence
C. Dynamically recomputing vector distances before every retrieval process
D. Applying exhaustive distance comparisons to find the most precise match

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Data Science provides native

integration with AI Vector Search, allowing machine learning models to generate and
process vector embeddings for intelligent search applications. This integration
enables end-to-end AI workflows, including feature extraction, vector storage, and
similarity queries. Oracle Functions is a serverless computing platform, Oracle
Kubernetes Engine (OKE) is for container orchestration, and Oracle Streaming
Service is designed for real-time event processing, none of which offer direct AI
vector search capabilities. Which method ensures embeddings generated inside
Oracle’s database are correctly indexed for vector search?
A. Assigning a unique vector ID and indexing embeddings accordingly
B. Storing redundant embeddings across multiple partitions for recall
C. Using SQL transformations to refine vectorized data representations
D. Applying strict range-based filtering to pre-process query results

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle Data Pump in 23ai natively supports the VECTOR data type
(C), allowing export and import of tables with vector columns without conversion or
plug-ins. This facilitates vector search application migrations, preserving
dimensional and format integrity (e.g., FLOAT32). BLOB storage (A) isn’t required;
VECTOR is a distinct type. Data Pump doesn’t treat vectors as text (B), avoiding
corruption; it handles them as structured arrays. No specialized plug-in (D) is
needed; native support is built-in. Oracle’s Data Pump documentation confirms
seamless handling of VECTOR data. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai Utilities Guide,
Section on Data Pump and VECTOR. 17/142 In Oracle Database 23ai, which
data type is used to store vector embeddings for similarity search?

A. VECTOR2
B. BLOB
C. VECTOR
D. VARCHAR2

Answer: C

• Explanation: Oracle Data Pump is designed for high-speed bulk data transfer,
making it ideal for exporting and importing large vector datasets efficiently. The
other options—compression, indexing transformation, and in-memory storage—are
useful but do not define Data Pump’s primary role. Which SQL function ensures
vector embeddings remain unique in storage?

A. The GROUP BY function aggregating repeated vector instances.

B. The WHERE clause filtering redundant stored vector embeddings.
C. The CONSTRAINT clause defining unique vector column properties.
D. The CHECK condition enforcing normalized vector magnitudes.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Oracle Database 23ai imposes restrictions on DDL operations for

tables with VECTOR columns to 5/142 preserve data integrity. CTAS (A) is
permitted, as it copies the VECTOR column intact into a new table, maintaining its
structure. Dropping a VECTOR column (B) is allowed via ALTER TABLE DROP
COLUMN, as it simply removes the column without altering its type. Adding a new
VECTOR column (D) is supported with ALTER TABLE ADD, enabling schema
evolution. However, modifying an existing VECTOR column’s data type to a non-
VECTOR type (C) (e.g., VARCHAR2, NUMBER) is not permitted because VECTOR is a
specialized type with dimensional and format constraints (e.g., FLOAT32), and Oracle
does not support direct type conversion due to potential loss of semantic meaning
and structure. This restriction is documented in Oracle’s SQL reference. Reference:
Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on VECTOR Data Type
Restrictions. Which SQL statement correctly adds a VECTOR column named "v"
with 4 dimensions and FLOAT32 format to an existing table named "my_table"?

A. ALTER TABLE my_table MODIFY (v VECTOR(4, FLOAT32))

B. ALTER TABLE my_table ADD (v VECTOR(4, FLOAT32))
C. UPDATE my_table SET v = VECTOR(4, FLOAT32)
D. ALTER TABLE my_table ADD v VECTOR(4, FLOAT32)

Answer: B

• Explanation: Oracle Database 23ai introduces DBMS_AI as the primary PL/SQL

package for interacting with Generative AI services, such as OCI Generative AI,
enabling features like natural language query processing (e.g., Select AI) and AI-
driven insights. DBMS_ML (B) focuses on machine learning model training and
management, not generative AI. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN (C) supports vector
processing workflows (e.g., document chunking, embedding), but it’s not the main
interface for generative AI services. DBMS_GENAI (D) is not a recognized package in
23ai documentation. DBMS_AI’s role is highlighted in Oracle’s AI integration features
for 23ai. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai New Features Guide, Chapter on AI
Integration. Which SQL function is used to create a vector embedding for a given
text string in Oracle Database 23ai?

A. GENERATE_EMBEDDING
B. CREATE_VECTOR_EMBEDDING
C. EMBED_TEXT
D. VECTOR_EMBEDDING

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle Database 23ai introduces the VECTOR data type (C)
specifically for storing vector embeddings used in similarity search, supporting
dimensions and formats (e.g., FLOAT32, INT8). VECTOR2 (A) doesn’t exist. BLOB (B)
can store binary data, including vectors, but lacks the semantic structure and
indexing support of VECTOR. VARCHAR2 (D) is for text, not numerical arrays. VECTOR
is optimized for AI vector search with native indexing (e.g., HNSW, IVF), as per
Oracle’s documentation. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai New Features Guide,
Section on VECTOR Data Type. What is created to facilitate the use of OCI
Generative AI with Autonomous Database?

A. An AI profile for OCI Generative AI

B. A dedicated OCI compartment
C. A new user account with elevated privileges
D. A secure VPN tunnel

Answer: A

• Explanation: Oracle Machine Learning (OML) models provide deep feature

extraction capabilities inside the database, ensuring efficient and scalable
embedding generation. SQL window functions help with aggregation but cannot
create deep embeddings. External Python scripts introduce overhead, and JSON
storage is not suitable for vector computation. What is the role of cosine similarity
in Oracle AI Vector Search when building a RAG system?

A. It transforms text queries into normalized embeddings

B. It indexes large-scale embeddings with minimum latency
C. It replaces SQL joins in relational database queries
D. It measures the semantic closeness of vector embeddings

Answer: D

• Explanation: Oracle provides built-in machine learning models that can generate
embeddings directly inside the database. Using SQL functions helps with
preprocessing but is not suitable for generating embeddings. Storing precomputed
vectors does not generate them inside Oracle, and categorical transformations are
insufficient for deep vector-based learning. 43/142 Which design choice
improves RAG performance in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Expanding query reformulation techniques to increase contextual recall scope

B. Using hierarchical vector organization to structure retrieval pathways clearly
C. Implementing approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) indexing for similarity search
D. Storing document embeddings as structured categorical attributes for efficiency

Answer: C
• Explanation: Parallel computing distributes similarity calculations across multiple
processing units, significantly speeding up exact similarity search without sacrificing
accuracy. Pruning, approximate methods, and lossy compression reduce accuracy.
Which format should externally generated embeddings follow to ensure
compatibility with Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Arrays of floating-point numbers for direct computation efficiency

B. Nested dictionary structures with labeled feature components
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Question: 78
Question: 79
C. Strings of comma-separated values for easy database insertion
D. Encoded categorical variables representing vectorized data

Answer: A

• Explanation: Parallel execution and direct path loading are key techniques for
optimizing Oracle Data Pump’s performance when working with vector data.
External storage, batch transformations, and AI query optimization are beneficial but
do not directly enhance Data Pump efficiency. When storing vector embeddings in
Oracle AI Vector Search, why is dimensional consistency important?

A. It prevents redundant indexing by enforcing primary key constraints.

B. It minimizes the storage footprint by compressing unnecessary dimensions.
C. It ensures that vector distances are computed correctly for similarity searches.
D. It allows automatic type conversion between integer and floating-point values.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Parallel execution of ML models ensures efficient large-scale

computation of embeddings inside Oracle. Manually adjusting weights is impractical.
Recursive SQL queries are not effective for deep learning, and relational joins are for
structured data, not embeddings. What is the role of oracledb when developing a
RAG application using Python?

A. It replaces large language models with PL/SQL-based models

B. It integrates deep learning models for context retrieval tasks
C. It provides vector similarity search algorithms for AI models
D. It enables Python applications to execute Oracle SQL queries

Answer: D

• Explanation: Parallel processing and filtering redundant data optimize Oracle

Data Pump’s performance when unloading vector datasets. Compression, indexing,
and relational format storage have advantages but do not directly improve Data
Pump’s efficiency for vector exports. Which key factor differentiates Minkowski
distance from other vector metrics?

A. It enforces fixed-length vector constraints in high-dimensional data.

B. It provides exact similarity detection in relational vector storage.
C. It optimizes performance by limiting vector search index expansion.
D. It generalizes multiple distance functions by modifying its exponent.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Parallel query execution enhances retrieval speed in vector search.

Nested loops introduce processing delays, expanding memory allocation does not
directly optimize retrieval, and encoding documents adds unnecessary complexity.
Which method is best for generating vector embeddings directly inside the Oracle
database?

A. Transforming categorical data into numerical values for storage

B. Using built-in machine learning models optimized for vectorization
C. Applying structured SQL functions to process numerical features
D. Storing precomputed vectors as raw binary objects for retrieval

Answer: B

• Explanation: Parallelizing computations distributes vector similarity calculations

across multiple processors, increasing efficiency without reducing accuracy. Pruning,
compression, and probabilistic sampling are trade-offs that impact precision.
Which PL/SQL feature is essential when creating a RAG application for dynamic
knowledge retrieval?

A. Automating response generation by predefining stored procedure outcomes

B. Storing vector embeddings in temporary tables for faster access
C. Using PL/SQL exceptions to manage retrieval failures effectively
D. Using loops and conditionals to implement flexible retrieval workflows
Answer: D

• Explanation: Parallelizing ML model execution improves performance by

processing large-scale data efficiently inside Oracle. PL/SQL functions do not train
embeddings, transactional locking reduces performance, and normalizing at query
time increases computational cost. Which challenge must be addressed when
designing a RAG pipeline using Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Storing high-dimensional embeddings using conventional indexing strategies

B. Expanding neural network layers to improve response generalization
C. Managing knowledge drift to ensure retrieval remains contextually relevant
D. Optimizing deterministic models for real-time query generation efficiency

Answer: C

• Explanation: Partition centroids represent the central points of each cluster,

allowing the search algorithm to determine which partitions to probe for relevant
candidates. They are not used as caches, do not store precomputed similarities, and
are not dynamically adjusted during queries. Which approach is best for ensuring
efficient retrieval of vector data?

A. Using approximate nearest neighbor indexing to optimize queries.

B. Using explicit normalization functions before every query run.
C. Storing vector embeddings as compressed binary for faster access.
D. Applying a foreign key reference to link stored vector records.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Partitioned vector indexes allow for scalable and efficient similarity
searches, reducing the search space and improving retrieval speed. Embedding
transformations, compression, and query optimizations improve performance but
do not primarily impact scalability. Which approach ensures the optimal storage of
vector embeddings when dealing with high-dimensional data?

A. Storing embeddings in relational formats to maintain structured integrity

B. Encoding embeddings as variable-length text fields to reduce redundancy
C. Normalizing vector dimensions dynamically based on query requirements
D. Using dedicated vector storage solutions with built-in retrieval support
Answer: D

• Explanation: Partitioning distributes large-scale embeddings efficiently, reducing

retrieval time. Integer identifiers lose vector structure, transactional consistency
does not optimize vector storage, and strict schema constraints limit flexibility.
What is a best practice for maintaining an efficient vector index in a PL/SQL RAG
system?

A. Store embeddings in a JSON format for improved readability

B. Use incremental indexing to reduce unnecessary recomputation
C. Run full database scans to ensure all vectors are considered
D. Apply primary keys directly to vector columns for faster lookups

Answer: B

• Explanation: Partitioning vector indexes helps reduce search complexity,

improving retrieval speed while maintaining scalability. AI ranking, relational
storage, and vector compression enhance efficiency but do not directly optimize
multi-vector retrieval performance. Which scenario best benefits from the use of
Jaccard similarity?

A. Comparing categorical embeddings to assess overlap between values.

B. Reducing the computational cost of exact nearest neighbor search.
C. Calculating distance between numerical vectors in AI-based searches.
D. Improving the efficiency of high-dimensional vector-based queries.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Partitioning vector storage and applying Approximate Nearest

Neighbor (ANN) indexing ensures efficient large-scale retrieval. Converting
embeddings into binary keys is not effective, logarithmic transformation does not
optimize similarity searches, and random clustering methods do not enhance
retrieval performance. What is a key benefit of integrating Oracle AI Vector Search
into a Python-based RAG system?

A. It eliminates the need for structured relational database queries

B. It allows AI-driven queries to retrieve semantically relevant text
C. It fully replaces deep learning models with SQL-based processing
D. It converts all textual inputs into high-dimensional embeddings
Answer: B

• Explanation: Post-retrieval validation ensures factually coherent responses,

reducing hallucinations. Expanding embeddings increases complexity, heuristics
lack generalization, and categorical indexing limits search flexibility. Which trade-
off must be considered when configuring an approximate similarity search index?

A. Higher search recall increases accuracy but reduces search performance

B. More query partitions enhance search depth but lower memory footprint
C. Increased vector dimensionality speeds up queries but decreases precision
D. Larger batch queries improve precision but decrease retrieval efficiency

Answer: A

• Explanation: Precomputing similarity scores improves retrieval speed by

eliminating redundant computations. Metadata filtering does not optimize vector
search, expanding dimensionality adds computational burden, and increasing
commit frequency does not affect query speed. Which method ensures that
PL/SQL-based vector search queries return the most contextually relevant results?

A. Reducing vector dimensions to fit within indexing limits

B. Applying standard SQL filtering to refine search outputs
C. Fine-tuning vector embeddings using domain-specific data
D. Converting embeddings into relational values before querying

Answer: C

• Explanation: Prepending the filename to each text chunk (e.g., filename + "|" +
section) in the Python code (A) preserves contextual metadata, linking each chunk—
and its resulting vector—to its source file. This aids retrieval in RAG applications by
allowing the application to trace back to the original document, enhancing response
context (e.g., “from Book1”). While it differentiates chunks (B), its impact goes
beyond identification, affecting retrieval usability. It doesn’t speed up vectorization
(C); embedding models process text regardless of prefixes. It also doesn’t train the
LLM (D); it’s metadata for retrieval, not training data. Oracle’s RAG examples
emphasize metadata preservation for context- aware responses. Reference: Oracle
Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on RAG Context. 15/142 How
does an application use vector similarity search to retrieve relevant information
from a database, and how is this information then integrated into the generation
process?
A. Encodes the question and database chunks into vectors, finds the most similar using
cosine
similarity, and includes them in the LLM prompt
B. Trains a separate LLM on the database and uses it to answer, ignoring the general LLM
C. Converts the question to keywords, searches for matches, and inserts the text into the
response
D. Clusters similar text chunks and randomly selects one from the most relevant cluster

Answer: A

• Explanation: Quantization reduces the size of vector embeddings, enhancing

retrieval efficiency while maintaining reasonable accuracy. It does not dynamically
restructure search spaces, apply probabilistic estimation, or guarantee exact results.
Which method ensures efficient similarity search for stored vector embeddings in
Oracle?

A. Storing embeddings as numerical arrays in partitioned tables

B. Indexing vectors using range-based partitioning for fast access
C. Normalizing vector embeddings before indexing to maintain scale
D. Using SQL-based text search functions for vector retrieval

Answer: C

• Explanation: RAG in Oracle AI Vector Search integrates vector search with LLMs,
leveraging database-stored data. A key advantage is its use of existing database
security and access controls (D), ensuring that sensitive enterprise data remains
secure while being accessible to LLMs, aligning with Oracle’s security model (e.g.,
roles, privileges). Performance optimization (A) occurs but isn’t the primary focus;
storage increases are minimal compared to security benefits. Real-time extraction
(B) is possible but not RAG’s core strength, which lies in static data augmentation.
Training LLMs (C) is unrelated to RAG, which uses pre-trained models. Oracle
emphasizes security integration as a standout RAG feature. Reference: Oracle
Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Chapter on RAG Security. Which Python
library is used to vectorize text chunks and the user’s question in the following
example? import oracledb 13/142 connection = oracledb.connect(user=un,
password=pw, dsn=ds) table_name = "Page" with connection.cursor() as cursor:
create_table_sql = f""" CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table_name} ( id NUMBER
PRIMARY KEY, payload CLOB CHECK (payload IS JSON), vector VECTOR )""" try:
cursor.execute(create_table_sql) except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: raise
connection.autocommit = True from sentence_transformers import
SentenceTransformer encoder = SentenceTransformer('all-MiniLM-L12-v2')
A. sentence_transformers
B. oci
C. oracledb
D. json

Answer: A

• Explanation: RAG in Oracle Database 23ai combines vector search with LLMs to
enhance responses by retrieving relevant private data from the database (e.g., via
VECTOR columns) and augmenting LLM prompts. This (A) improves context-
awareness and precision, leveraging enterprise-specific data without retraining
LLMs. Optimizing LLM performance (B) is a secondary benefit, not the core focus.
Training specialized LLMs (C) is not RAG’s purpose; it uses existing models. Real-time
streaming (D) is possible but not the primary benefit, as RAG focuses on stored data
retrieval. Oracle’s RAG documentation emphasizes private data integration for better
LLM outputs. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Chapter on
RAG. If a query vector uses a different distance metric than the one used to create
the index, whathappens?

A. The query fails

B. An exact match search is triggered
C. The index automatically updates
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D. A warning is logged, but the query executes

Answer: A

• Explanation: Range queries in HNSW can be improved by increasing ef_search,

which expands the number of explored candidates before selecting final results. The
other options do not directly enhance range query efficiency in HNSW-based
searches. Which similarity function is most commonly used with vector indexes to
optimize nearest neighbor searches?

A. Hamming Distance, for comparing binary embeddings efficiently.

B. Euclidean Distance, suitable for smaller datasets only.
C. Cosine Similarity, as it is highly efficient for vector data.
D. Jaccard Similarity, typically used with categorical data.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Rebuilding indexes ensures search accuracy after frequent deletions.

Increasing memory does not address search impact, foreign keys do not prevent
deletions, and normalizing before deletion is unnecessary. Which step must be
completed before performing vector similarity searches in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Define a vector function to normalize query responses

B. Apply deep learning fine-tuning to optimize results
C. Convert vector embeddings into numeric class categories
D. Store and index the generated vector embeddings correctly

Answer: D

• Explanation: Rebuilding indexes ensures vector queries remain optimized after

modifications. Deleting old embeddings does not optimize queries, merging updates
data but does not improve search, and joins do not impact vector search efficiency
directly. What happens when an indexed vector column is removed from a table?

A. The index will persist but require manual reconfiguration.

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Question: 98
B. The existing vector embeddings will be converted to JSON.
C. The associated vector index will be automatically dropped.
D. The similarity function will be reassigned to other fields.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Reducing the number of nearest neighbors improves search speed by

limiting candidate comparisons. Increasing vector dimensionality, applying multiple
indexes, or prioritizing deterministic algorithms do not optimize speed effectively.
Which factor significantly impacts the trade-off between retrieval speed and accuracy
in IVF search?
A. The dimensionality of vectors and the indexing memory allocation
B. The data distribution model and the normalization techniques used
C. The number of partitions and the number of candidate probes
D. The similarity metric applied and the clustering algorithm used

Answer: C

• Explanation: Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on

Vector Index Types. 30/142 A database administrator wants to change the
VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE parameter for a pluggable database (PDB) in Oracle
Database 23ai. Which SQL command is correct?

A. ALTER SYSTEM SET VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE=1G SCOPE=BOTH

B. ALTER DATABASE SET VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE=1G SCOPE=VECTOR
C. ALTER SYSTEM SET VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE=1G SCOPE=SGA
D. ALTER SYSTEM RESET VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE

Answer: A

• Explanation: Refreshing the index ensures similarity searches reflect updated

embeddings. Vector length must remain unchanged, primary keys do not need
alteration, and similarity functions do not require recomputation for each update.
Which operation is necessary when renaming a vector column in a table?

A. The ALTER TABLE command with a column name modification.

B. The TRUNCATE TABLE statement resetting stored embeddings.
C. The MERGE statement updating schema with altered names.
D. The DROP COLUMN function followed by a new column addition.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Relevance filtering ensures only the most contextually appropriate

documents are retrieved. Structured data does not optimize similarity search, query-
based indexing is ineffective for embeddings, and high- dimensional datasets reduce
retrieval precision. Which factor most significantly affects the performance of
vector similarity calculations?

A. The use of hash-based sharding and primary key enforcement.

B. The application of data normalization and schema indexing.
C. The frequency of transactional queries and table partitioning.
D. The dimensionality of stored embeddings and indexing structure.

Answer: D

• Explanation: Replacing stored vectors requires maintaining the same embedding

structure to prevent inconsistencies in search results. Reconfiguring queries,
redefining primary keys, or recalculating distance functions are unnecessary for
vector replacements. Which strategy improves response coherence in a Retrieval-
Augmented Generation (RAG) system?

A. Applying deterministic text preprocessing to improve model interpretability

B. Expanding query transformations to include multi-layered decision pathways
C. Storing embeddings using relational schemas to enforce data consistency
D. Fine-tuning post-retrieval processing to align generated responses effectively

Answer: D

• Explanation: Reranking models optimize retrieval precision by prioritizing the

most relevant matches. Structured schemas are inefficient for vector retrieval,
expanding retrieval scope reduces specificity, and term weighting lacks semantic
understanding. Which Oracle database feature should be leveraged to store vector
embeddings efficiently?

A. Applying primary key constraints to guarantee vector uniqueness in storage

B. Storing embeddings as XML fields to maintain hierarchical relationships
C. Converting embeddings into categorical labels for numerical efficiency
D. Using AI Vector Search indexing to accelerate high-dimensional lookups

Answer: D

• Explanation: Select AI allows conversational AI-based querying, simplifying data

retrieval in Oracle Autonomous Database. Deep embeddings, reinforcement
learning, and vector clustering are relevant to AI but are not core functionalities of
Select AI. Why is HNSW preferred over brute-force search for large-scale vector
retrieval?

A. HNSW guarantees exact nearest neighbor results for all queries

B. HNSW requires significantly less memory compared to brute-force methods
C. HNSW does not rely on similarity metrics for search operations
D. HNSW reduces computational complexity while maintaining near-optimal accuracy
Answer: D

• Explanation: Select AI benefits from advanced language models, improving query

interpretation and execution. 128/142 Traditional indexing, rule-based
structures, and categorized filters are useful but do not provide AI-driven query
optimization at the same level. Which factor must be considered when generating
vector embeddings inside Oracle?

A. Storing embeddings as categorical variables to optimize performance

B. Generating variable-length embeddings based on data distributions
C. Ensuring embeddings are compatible with Oracle’s distance functions
D. Using separate tables for storing embeddings from different models

Answer: C

• Explanation: Select AI enhances query accuracy by using context-aware NLP to

refine natural language inputs. The other options involve alternative AI-based
techniques but are not core features of Select AI in Oracle Autonomous Database.
Which challenge occurs when performing updates on high-dimensional vectors?

A. The database schema may need to be restructured after updates.

B. The similarity search efficiency may decrease due to index changes.
C. The number of vector operations may exceed storage limitations.
D. The dimensional consistency may require manual recalibration.

Answer: B

• Explanation: Select AI in Oracle Database 23ai enables natural language queries by

integrating with OCI Generative AI services. The first step in setting up the practice
environment is to optionally create an OCI compartment (A), which organizes and
isolates resources in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). This is foundational because
subsequent steps—like defining policies or configuring the Autonomous Database—
depend on a compartment structure, though an existing compartment can be reused,
making it optional. Creating a policy (B) is a subsequent step to grant access to
OCIGenerative AI, requiring a compartment first. Dropping compartments (C) is
irrelevant and disruptive. Creating a user account (D) is not specified as the initial
step in Select AI setup. Oracle’s Select AI documentation lists compartment setup as
the starting point in OCI configuration. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai New
Features Guide, Section on Select AI Setup. How is the security interaction between
Autonomous Database and OCI Generative AI managed in the context of Select AI?
A. By encrypting all communication between the Autonomous Database and OCI Generative
AI using
TLS/SSL protocols
B. By utilizing Resource Principals, which grant the Autonomous Database instance access
to OCI
Generative AI without exposing sensitive credentials
C. By establishing a secure VPN tunnel between the Autonomous Database and OCI
Generative AI
service
D. By requiring users to manually enter their OCI API keys each time they execute a natural
language
query

Answer: B

• Explanation: Select AI in Oracle Database 23ai integrates with OCI Generative AI

(B) to process natural language queries and generate context-aware responses using
large language models (LLMs). OCI Language (A) focuses on text analysis (e.g.,
sentiment, entity recognition), not generative tasks. OCI Vision (C) handles image
processing, unrelated to Select AI’s text-based functionality. OCI Data Science (D)
supports model development, not direct integration with Select AI. Oracle’s
documentation explicitly names OCI Generative AI as the integrated service for
Select AI’s LLM capabilities. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai New Features Guide,
Section on Select AI Integration. Which is NOT a feature or capability related to AI
and Vector Search in Exadata?

A. Native Support for Vector Search Only within the Database Server
B. Vector Replication with GoldenGate
C. Loading Vector Data using SQL*Loader
D. AI Smart Scan
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Answer: A

• Explanation: Select AI with Autonomous allows users to perform natural language

queries, improving AI-driven responses in Oracle AI Vector Search. SQL acceleration,
AI-based access control, and database structure transformation are not the primary
functions of Select AI. Which approach ensures faster retrieval when searching
vector data?

A. Applying a full scan method to retrieve nearest records.

B. Storing embeddings in an unindexed column for flexibility.
C. Using hierarchical indexing techniques to improve queries.
D. Sorting vector data based on cosine similarity function.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Select AI works by converting natural language prompts into SQL

queries, allowing precise execution in Oracle AI Vector Search. The other options
involve AI-related techniques but do not represent the core integration of Select AI.
Which Oracle feature improves the performance of queries on stored vector
embeddings?

A. Using relational joins to efficiently link embeddings with metadata

B. Indexing embeddings using Oracle AI Vector Search for optimization
C. Storing embeddings in JSON fields to allow structured retrieval
D. Expanding vector dimensionality to increase search accuracy

Answer: B

• Explanation: Similarity search in Oracle 23ai (C) uses vector embeddings in

VECTOR columns to retrieve entries semantically similar to a query vector, based on
distance metrics (e.g., cosine, Euclidean) via functions like VECTOR_DISTANCE. This
is key for AI applications like RAG, finding “close” rather than exact matches.
Optimizing relational operations (A) is unrelated; similarity search is vector-specific.
Exact matches in BLOBs (B) don’t leverage vector semantics. Grouping by scores (D)
is a post- processing step, not the primary purpose. Oracle’s documentation defines
similarity search as retrieving semantically proximate vectors. Reference: Oracle
Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Similarity Search. What is the
advantage of using Euclidean Squared Distance rather than Euclidean Distance in
similarity search queries?

A. It is the default distance metric for Oracle AI Vector Search

B. It supports hierarchical partitioning of vectors
C. It is simpler and faster because it avoids square-root calculations
D. It guarantees higher accuracy than Euclidean Distance
Answer: C

• Explanation: Specialized indexing structures significantly improve query

performance by enabling fast similarity searches. JSON documents increase retrieval
overhead, frequency-based partitioning does not optimize 136/142 similarity
lookups, and normalization is not suitable for high-dimensional embeddings. What
is the primary purpose of using a vector data type for embeddings in an AI-driven
database?

A. To facilitate complex joins and aggregations across multiple tables efficiently.

B. To improve compression efficiency and reduce storage space requirements.
C. To enforce referential integrity between structured and unstructured datasets.
D. To store and process high-dimensional numeric representations of unstructured data.

Answer: D

• Explanation: SQL Loader improves efficiency by leveraging external tables and

parallel direct path loading, enabling fast bulk vector ingestion. Converting vectors
into binary format, temporary indexing, and normalization 65/142 do not
directly contribute to SQL Loader’s efficiency. Which challenge must be addressed
when scaling a RAG system with Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Using static query transformation techniques to refine search interpretation

B. Storing high-dimensional vectors using fixed-length representations for indexing
C. Expanding vector dimensionality to improve model representation quality
D. Managing embedding drift to ensure retrieval remains semantically aligned

Answer: D

• Explanation: SQL Loader requires consistent vector formatting to ensure accurate

parsing and prevent errors during bulk import. Pre-insertion indexing,
dimensionality reduction, and inline processing are useful in other contexts but are
not primary concerns for SQL Loader ingestion. Which preprocessing step is most
important when generating vector embeddings externally for use in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. Encoding categorical variables into numerical representations

B. Normalizing vector values to a fixed range for uniformity
C. Reducing dimensionality using principal component analysis
D. Storing vectors as JSON to maintain format compatibility
Answer: B

• Explanation: SQLLoader in Oracle 23ai supports loading VECTOR data from CSV
files, requiring vectors to be formatted as text. A critical consideration is enclosing
components in curly braces (A), e.g., {1.2, 3.4, 5.6}, to match the VECTOR type’s
expected syntax (parsed into FLOAT32, etc.). FVEC (B) is a binary format, not
compatible with CSV text input; SQLLoader expects readable text, not fixed offsets.
Sparse format (C) isn’t supported for VECTOR columns, which require dense arrays.
SQLLoader doesn’t normalize vectors automatically (D); formatting must be explicit.
Oracle’s documentation specifies curly braces for CSV-loaded vectors. Reference:
Oracle Database 23ai Utilities Guide, Section on SQLLoader for Vectors. 16/142
Which function is used to generate vector embeddings within an Oracle database?

A. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_CHUNKS
B. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_TEXT
C. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_EMBEDDINGS
D. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_GENERATE_TEXT

Answer: C

• Explanation: Stored functions can filter documents based on query relevance,

ensuring accurate and efficient retrieval. PL/SQL collections are not optimized for
vector search, NoSQL databases do not fully integrate with PL/SQL, and triggers add
unnecessary complexity. Which indexing method is commonly used for
approximate similarity search in high-dimensional vector spaces?

A. B-tree, which arranges indexed elements in balanced branching nodes

B. HNSW, which structures vectors in a multi-layered hierarchical graph
C. KD-tree, which recursively partitions data based on coordinate axes
D. R-tree, which organizes spatial data into hierarchical bounding boxes

Answer: B

• Explanation: Stored procedures enable contextual refinement of generated

responses by processing external data. Static queries limit retrieval scope, PL/SQL
loops increase processing time, and pre-trained models do not directly filter
embeddings in the RAG process. Which condition ensures that exact similarity
search is always computationally feasible? 77/142

A. The dataset size remains small and the vector dimensions are limited
B. The similarity metric used is automatically selected based on workload
C. The number of retrieval candidates is dynamically adjusted per query
D. The search algorithm optimizes memory usage through compression

Answer: A

• Explanation: Storing vector embeddings as BLOBs in indexed tables ensures

efficient retrieval and fast vector similarity searches. Converting vectors into
structured records does not optimize retrieval, reinforcement learning is not used
for database queries, and text-based filtering is separate from vector searches.
What is the role of Select AI with Autonomous in Oracle AI Vector Search? 58/142

A. It converts traditional databases into AI-driven structures

B. It accelerates SQL-based vector similarity searches directly
C. It enables natural language querying with AI-driven responses
D. It enhances security by applying AI-based access control

Answer: C

• Explanation: Structuring knowledge retrieval ensures accurate contextualization,

improving RAG effectiveness. Expanding token limits does not enhance retrieval,
relational schemas do not optimize vector search, and rule-based logic limits model
flexibility. What is the main reason for storing vector embeddings in a dedicated
vector database?

A. It enables specialized indexing for similarity search optimization.

B. It improves referential integrity between structured and AI data.
C. It reduces redundancy by normalizing vector representations.
D. It ensures automatic enforcement of dimensional constraints.

Answer: A

• Explanation: The accuracy of similarity queries is directly influenced by the

quality of the embeddings, which depend on the model used to generate them. Well-
trained models produce embeddings that capture semantic relationships effectively.
Database size, update frequency, and schema design have an impact but do not
determine accuracy as directly. Which configuration change will most effectively
increase the speed of an approximate similarity search?

A. Using deterministic algorithms that prioritize exact retrieval precision

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B. Increasing the vector dimensionality to improve overall retrieval accuracy
C. Reducing the number of nearest neighbors retrieved per search execution
D. Applying multiple indexing structures to enhance memory optimization

Answer: C

• Explanation: The choice of embedding model should align with the similarity
metric used in Oracle AI Vector Search. For example, cosine similarity requires
embeddings to be normalized, while Euclidean distance works better with
unnormalized vectors. Vector length should be consistent, structured data models
are irrelevant, and modern embeddings rely on learned rather than hand-crafted
features. Which SQL operation ensures vector embeddings remain query-efficient?

A. The JOIN function aligning vector tables for better retrieval.

B. The REBUILD INDEX function recalculating nearest neighbor lists.
C. The MERGE function replacing older vector records dynamically.
D. The DELETE operation removing outdated stored embeddings.

Answer: B

• Explanation: The computational cost of exact similarity search increases with the
number of stored vectors and the dimensionality of each vector, as each comparison
requires full-distance calculations. Other factors, such as similarity thresholds,
indexing, and storage format, influence performance but are secondary. Which
method best optimizes vector similarity search performance in Oracle AI Vector
Search?

A. Storing vector embeddings in normalized columnar structures.

B. Implementing recursive B-tree partitioning with indexed hashing.
C. Applying hierarchical indexing with adaptive relational mapping.
D. Using approximate nearest neighbor search with graph indexing.

Answer: D

• Explanation: The computational cost of inserting new vectors into an HNSW index
depends on the number of connections (M parameter) since the system must update
the graph structure. The total dataset size and query frequency do not directly
impact insertion cost, and HNSW does not perform automatic dimensionality
reduction. Which method improves the scalability of a RAG application using
PL/SQL?

A. Storing embeddings in relational tables to enhance query speed

B. Implementing batch processing to handle large volumes of vectorized data
C. Using stored procedures to retrieve and rank documents based on static filters
D. Using hardcoded query logic to streamline retrieval operations

Answer: B

• Explanation: The CONSTRAINT clause can enforce uniqueness on vector

embeddings, ensuring no duplicate values are stored. CHECK conditions apply logical
rules but do not enforce uniqueness, while WHERE and GROUP BY primarily handle
filtering and aggregation. Which Python method ensures efficient retrieval of
vector-based search results in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Store and retrieve embeddings as BLOBs in indexed tables

B. Use adaptive text-based filtering for semantic searches
C. Convert high-dimensional vectors into structured records
D. Apply reinforcement learning to optimize retrieval logic

Answer: A

• Explanation: The DBMS_AI_SEARCH package provides functions for performing

vector-based similarity searches in an Oracle database. It allows retrieval of
semantically relevant data, which is crucial in a RAG pipeline. DBMS_AI_VECTOR is
responsible for vector processing but does not handle searches directly.
DBMS_CRYPTO is used for encryption, and DBMS_SCHEDULER handles background
jobs, both of which are unrelated to vector search operations. Which factor most
significantly impacts the accuracy of vector similarity queries?

A. The frequency of updating indexed vectors within the database.

B. The total number of vectors stored in the vector database index.
C. The method used to train the model that generates embeddings.
D. The relational schema design applied to manage vector data.

Answer: C
• Explanation: The DBMS_AI_SEARCH.SEARCH_SIMILARITY function is specifically
designed for retrieving similar vector embeddings in Oracle AI Vector Search. The
other options are not valid Oracle SQL functions for executing vector similarity
searches. Which Oracle AI Vector Search technique improves multi-vector query
efficiency?

A. Using hierarchical clustering to group related embeddings

B. Storing vectors in relational tables for structured queries
C. Using dimensionality reduction before vector indexing
D. Applying query-time transformation for optimized ranking

Answer: A

• Explanation: The DBMS_AI_SEARCH.SEARCH_SIMILARITY function is used to

compute similarity between a given input embedding and stored embeddings,
retrieving the closest matches. While ranking results based on similarity is a part of
this function, it does not merely reorder results. It also does not update embeddings
or preprocess text, as those tasks are handled by different processes in a RAG system.
Which approach ensures more precise document retrieval using multi-vector search?

A. Compressing vector representations before performing queries

B. Transforming query vectors dynamically at search runtime
C. Assigning separate embeddings for different document sections
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Question: 211
Question: 212
Question: 213
D. Using AI-generated keyword mappings for enhanced ranking

Answer: C

• Explanation: The DBMS_AI_SEARCH.SEARCH_SIMILARITY function is used to

retrieve similar vector embeddings from the database, helping to fetch relevant
documents in a RAG pipeline. The other functions do not exist, making them
incorrect options for vector similarity searches. What is a major challenge when
loading high-dimensional vector data with SQL Loader?

A. Managing storage space due to large numerical datasets

B. Ensuring real-time indexing of embeddings upon loading
C. Applying transformation rules during SQL Loader parsing
D. Using AI-driven optimizations to streamline ingestion

Answer: A

• Explanation: The DBMS_AI_VECTOR.EMBED_TEXT function is used to convert text

into vector embeddings before storing them in an Oracle database. This function is
essential in a RAG pipeline as it ensures text- based data can be processed efficiently
for similarity searches. Other options, such as DBMS_AI_SEARCH.CREATE_INDEX,
relate to search indexing, while DBMS_DATA_MINING.PREDICT is used in machine
learning models, not embedding generation. The DBMS_LOB.CONVERT_TO_BLOB
function deals with large object conversions and is unrelated to vector processing.
What is a key consideration when using SQL Loader to import vector data?

A. Applying indexing algorithms before inserting embeddings

B. Ensuring vector format consistency for accurate parsing
C. Reducing data dimensions to improve search performance
D. Using inline processing for query-driven optimizations

Answer: B

• Explanation: The DBMS_AI_VECTOR.STORE_EMBEDDING function is used to persist

vector embeddings in an Oracle database, ensuring efficient retrieval in a RAG
system. While DBMS_AI_SEARCH.CREATE_INDEX helps optimize searches, it does not
store embeddings. The DBMS_AI_SEARCH.EXECUTE_QUERY function retrieves
embeddings but does not store them, and DBMS_AI_VECTOR.PROCESS_INPUT does
not handle persistent storage. Which property of Minkowski distance makes it
adaptable for multiple use cases?

A. It ensures accurate indexing for high-dimensional vector datasets.

B. It automatically normalizes vector values before calculating similarity.
C. It provides exact match enforcement in structured AI embeddings.
D. It generalizes different distance metrics by adjusting its exponent.

Answer: D

• Explanation: The DELETE statement with a WHERE clause allows selective removal
of outdated vector embeddings. 93/142 DROP removes entire databases,
TRUNCATE deletes all records without filters, and UPDATE modifies rather than
deletes data. Which strategy minimizes the impact of frequent vector deletions?
A. Increasing memory allocation to store embeddings efficiently.
B. Applying normalization to removed vectors before deleting them.
C. Periodically rebuilding indexes to optimize search query accuracy.
D. Enforcing strict foreign key constraints to prevent deletions.

Answer: C

• Explanation: The dimensionality of vector embeddings depends on the complexity

of the relationships they represent. Higher-dimensional embeddings can capture
more nuanced details, but they also increase computational cost. A balance must be
struck to ensure efficient similarity searches while preserving meaningful
representations of data. Which component is primarily responsible for storing and
retrieving high-dimensional vector embeddings in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Oracle Autonomous Database with AI Vector Search

B. Oracle Object Storage
C. Oracle NoSQL Database
D. Oracle Event Hub

Answer: A

• Explanation: The distance metric in HNSW (e.g., Euclidean or cosine similarity)

defines how vector similarity is computed during search. It does not impact index
update frequency, memory allocation, or vector length standardization. 39/142
Which factor most significantly affects the accuracy of an approximate similarity
search?

A. The indexing method used to partition vectors into discrete clusters

B. The frequency of vector updates performed in the indexed structure
C. The number of nearest neighbors retrieved per query from the vector index
D. The similarity metric applied for vector comparisons within the search

Answer: C

• Explanation: The ef_search parameter in HNSW controls the search breadth by

specifying how many nodes are expanded before selecting the nearest neighbors. A
higher ef_search value increases accuracy at the cost of slower search speed. It does
not define vector dimensions, index rebuild frequency, or similarity metric
weighting. Which factor is critical when modifying indexed vector embeddings?
A. The similarity function must be recomputed before executing it.
B. The primary key constraints must be altered for every new update.
C. The search index must be refreshed to reflect updated embeddings.
D. The vector length must be adjusted to maintain data consistency.

Answer: C

• Explanation: The function model.encode(input_text, normalize=True) is

commonly used in Python-based embedding models like Sentence Transformers to
convert input text into vector embeddings. The other function names are either
incorrect or do not follow the API syntax of widely used embedding models such as
BERT and OpenAI's text-embedding models. Which technique improves retrieval
efficiency when querying stored vector embeddings?

A. Using L2 normalization to standardize vector magnitudes efficiently

B. Converting embeddings into discrete numerical bins for fast indexing
C. Applying multi-table joins to retrieve vector data from relational views
D. Encoding embeddings as hexadecimal values for structured representation

Answer: A

• Explanation: The HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) algorithm builds a

hierarchical index that improves the efficiency of nearest neighbor searches. This
structure enables fast traversal across multiple layers, reducing search complexity.
Unlike exact search, HNSW focuses on approximate nearest neighbors to 97/142
balance speed and accuracy. It does not use traditional keyword indexing or
automatic dimensionality reduction. What happens if an IVF index has too many
partitions relative to the dataset size?

A. Search accuracy decreases due to insufficient candidate selection

B. Distance computations are eliminated to optimize query runtime
C. Vector embeddings get reassigned dynamically to new partitions
D. Query execution speeds up as fewer partitions are searched

Answer: A

• Explanation: The increased computational cost due to a large search space impacts
multi-vector similarity search efficiency, making scalability a key challenge. The
other choices, including AI indexing, query transformations, and vector compression,
affect performance but are not the primary issue at scale. 135/142 Which
indexing method should be applied when storing vector embeddings for efficient
queries?

A. Applying bitmap indexing to store high-dimensional numerical embeddings

B. Creating conventional B-tree indexes to allow ordered vector lookups
C. Using approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) indexing to enhance retrieval
D. Using clustered indexing to maintain vector relationships effectively

Answer: C

• Explanation: The M parameter in HNSW controls the number of bidirectional

connections each node maintains. Higher values increase the density of the search
graph, improving accuracy at the cost of additional memory usage. The other options
are incorrect, as M does not cluster vectors, reduce traversal depth, or enforce
48/142 exact searches. Which of the following best describes the role of the
ef_search parameter in HNSW indexing?

A. It controls how often the index is rebuilt for improved performance

B. It specifies the vector embedding dimension for indexing
C. It determines the maximum number of nodes expanded during the search
D. It defines the weighting of different similarity metrics

Answer: C

• Explanation: The main challenge is balancing speed and accuracy. Exhaustive

search, dynamic updates, and deterministic indexing are not fundamental issues in
approximate methods, which inherently allow some margin of error. What is the
recommended approach for handling large-scale vector data in an Oracle AI Vector
Search 70/142 application?

A. Convert embeddings into binary keys for compact storage

B. Normalize embeddings using logarithmic transformation
C. Partition vector storage and apply ANN-based indexing
D. Apply random clustering methods to optimize retrieval

Answer: C

• Explanation: The memory footprint of an IVF index is largely determined by the

number of partitions (nlist) and the total number of stored vectors. Similarity
functions, query frequency, caching, and pruning strategies impact performance but
do not primarily dictate memory usage. Which Oracle AI Vector Search feature
enhances document retrieval in a RAG pipeline?
A. Implementing approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) indexing for efficient search
B. Converting structured documents into fixed-length numerical representations
C. Using sequential text-based parsing to extract knowledge contextually
D. Expanding metadata filtering options to refine category-based retrieval
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Answer: A

• Explanation: The NEIGHBOR_PARTITIONS parameter in Oracle 23ai’s IVF index

controls how many partitions are probed during a query. Increasing this value
examines more clusters, raising theprobability of finding relevant vectors, thus
improving accuracy (recall). However, this increases computational effort, leading to
higher query latency—a classic ANN trade-off. The number of centroids (A) is fixed
during index creation and unaffected by query parameters. Accuracy does not
decrease (B); it improves. Index creation time (C) is unrelated to query-time settings.
Oracle’s documentation on IVF confirms that NEIGHBOR_PARTITIONS directly
governs this accuracy-latency balance. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector
Search Guide, Section on IVF Query Parameters. Which PL/SQL package is
primarily used for interacting with Generative AI services in Oracle Database 23ai?

A. DBMS_AI
B. DBMS_ML
C. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN
D. DBMS_GENAI
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Question: 15

Answer: A
• Explanation: The number of dimensions directly impacts the index size and
processing speed. While record count, search frequency, and GPU resources are
important, dimensionality is the key factor affecting index creation speed. Which
of the following is true about indexing vector columns with high-dimensional data?

A. Indexing methods can be skipped when dealing with higher dimensions.

B. High-dimensional vectors must be split into smaller chunks for indexing.
C. Indexing high-dimensional vectors requires approximations to maintain performance.
D. High-dimensional data should be stored as non-indexed for efficiency.

Answer: C

• Explanation: The number of partitions (nlist) affects how vectors are grouped,
while the number of candidate probes (nprobe) controls how many partitions are
searched per query. A low nprobe value may speed up queries but reduce accuracy.
Dimensionality, similarity metrics, and normalization techniques impact
performance but are not the primary speed-accuracy trade-offs in IVF. Which of the
following storage solutions is best suited for handling large-scale vector search
operations in Oracle Cloud?

A. Oracle Cloud Object Storage

B. Oracle Autonomous JSON Database
C. Oracle AI Vector Search with Autonomous Database
D. Oracle Exadata

Answer: C

• Explanation: The number of partitions in an IVF index determines how many

candidate vectors are considered during a query. Too many partitions can reduce
accuracy, as fewer candidates are searched. Exact distance calculations,
compression, and outlier pruning are not the primary determinants of accuracy in
IVF. What is the correct method to insert vector embeddings into an Oracle
database using Python?

A. SELECT store_embedding FROM dual WHERE input=:1

B. INSERT INTO table_name (id, vector) VALUES (:1, :2)
C. EXECUTE dbms_ai_search.insert_vector(:1, :2)
D. UPDATE embeddings_table SET vector=:1 WHERE id=:2

Answer: B
• Explanation: The NumPy format is highly efficient for storing and transferring
high-dimensional vector embeddings due to its binary storage structure. It supports
fast loading and is widely compatible with AI frameworks. CSV and JSON formats
introduce parsing overhead, and Parquet is designed for columnar storage rather
than numerical tensors. Which command should be used to alter an existing vector
index to accommodate new vector dimensions?

A. The DROP INDEX command followed by creating a new index.

B. The UPDATE VECTOR command to re-index stored embeddings.
C. The ALTER TABLE statement with a modified vector column.
D. The ALTER INDEX command to rebuild the index with new dimensions.

Answer: A

• Explanation: The numpy.ndarray structure is well-suited for handling multiple

vector embeddings efficiently, as it supports fast matrix operations required for
similarity searches. While pandas.DataFrame is good for structured data, it is not
optimized for high-dimensional vectors. OrderedDict is a dictionary-based structure,
and sklearn.decomposition is for dimensionality reduction, not embedding storage.
Which factor influences retrieval accuracy in multi-vector document search?

A. The transformation approach applied at indexing

B. The method of ranking results using AI models
C. The granularity of vector chunk representations
D. The compression ratio of stored document vectors

Answer: C

• Explanation: The oracledb package is used to connect to Oracle databases, execute

SQL queries, and retrieve vector embeddings for AI-based similarity searches.
cx_Oracle was deprecated in favor of oracledb. The other options refer to non-
existent or incorrect libraries for Oracle AI Vector Search. Which Python data
structure is best suited for handling multiple vector embeddings in a RAG pipeline?

A. collections.OrderedDict for maintaining insertion order

B. sklearn.decomposition to reduce embedding complexity
C. pandas.DataFrame to store structured embedding results
D. numpy.ndarray for efficient numerical vector operations

Answer: D
• Explanation: The oracledb Python library is the official Oracle Database driver,
allowing applications to connect, execute SQL queries, and interact with vector
embeddings stored in an Oracle database. It does not provide vector similarity
algorithms, integrate deep learning models, or replace LLMs with PL/SQL- based
solutions. Which factor most impacts the accuracy of vector-based distance
calculations?

A. The dimensional consistency of stored embeddings in vector indexing.

B. The relational schema applied to manage the structure of embeddings.
C. The application of database constraints for enforcing vector types.
D. The number of primary keys used in vector-based database schemas.

Answer: A

• Explanation: The similarity function affects how distances are computed,

impacting search efficiency. The number of embeddings and update frequency
influence storage but not indexing directly, and non-vector indexing is unrelated.
What is the primary reason approximate similarity search is preferred over exact
search for large-scale datasets?

A. It reduces query time by searching only within selected vector partitions

B. It modifies stored embeddings dynamically based on search query trends
C. It avoids numerical calculations by relying on precomputed similarity maps
D. It applies exhaustive nearest neighbor comparisons across all vectors

Answer: A

• Explanation: The trade-off between accuracy and speed depends on the number of
neighbors retrieved. More neighbors improve recall but increase computation.
Query expansion, vector transformation, and deterministic traversal do not directly
control this balance. Which method enhances Oracle Data Pump’s efficiency for
unloading vector datasets?

A. Applying indexing during unloading for fast retrieval

B. Using parallel processing and filtering redundant data
C. Storing embeddings in relational format before export
D. Compressing vector files before exporting embeddings

Answer: B
• Explanation: The trade-off between recall and query speed is a critical scalability
challenge, as higher recall increases query complexity while faster lookups may
reduce accuracy. Structured storage, query embeddings, and AI-driven ranking
improve aspects of search but are not the main scalability factor. What is the best
way to execute vector similarity searches in Oracle AI Vector Search using Python?

A. Execute DBMS_AI_SEARCH.SEARCH_SIMILARITY(:1, :2, :3, :4)

B. Apply DBMS_VECTOR_INDEX.EXECUTE_SEARCH(:1, :2, :3, :4)
C. Use SELECT vector_search(:1, :2, :3, :4) FROM dual
D. Run SELECT VECTOR_LOOKUP(:1, :2, :3, :4) FROM dual
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Question: 285
Question: 286
Question: 287

Answer: A

• Explanation: The vector data type is designed to store numerical representations

of complex data, such as text, images, and audio, in high-dimensional space. This
enables AI-powered semantic queries by capturing contextual relationships between
embeddings. Unlike traditional indexing methods that rely on structured data, vector
representations allow similarity searches based on meaning rather than exact
matches. 112/142 Which method should be used to ensure efficient
computation of embeddings inside Oracle?

A. Parallel execution of ML models to process large-scale datasets

B. Applying relational joins to merge embeddings with text data
C. Using recursive SQL queries to refine numerical representations
D. Manually adjusting vector weights based on domain knowledge

Answer: A

• Explanation: The Vector Pool in Oracle 23ai is a dedicated SGA memory region
(controlled by VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE) for vector operations, specifically storing
HNSW indexes (graph structures) and IVF index metadata (e.g., centroids) (B). This
optimizes memory usage for vector search, keeping critical index data accessible for
fast queries. Partitioning (A) is unrelated; that’s a tablespace feature. Longer SQL
execution (C) might benefit indirectly from memory efficiency, but it’s not the
purpose. Non-vector data (D) resides elsewhere (e.g., PGA, buffer cache). Oracle
allocates the Vector Pool to enhance AI workloads, ensuring indexes don’t compete
with other memory, a design choice reflecting vector search’s growing importance.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Vector Memory
Management. What is the default distance metric used by the VECTOR_DISTANCE
function if none is specified?

A. Euclidean
B. Hamming
C. Cosine
D. Manhattan

Answer: C

• Explanation: The VECTOR_DIMENSION_COUNT() function in Oracle 23ai returns

the number of dimensions in a VECTOR-type value (e.g., 512 for VECTOR(512,
FLOAT32)). It’s a metadata utility, not a validator of content or structure beyond type
compatibility. Option B—using a vector with an unsupported data type—causes an
error because the function expects a VECTOR argument; passing, say, a VARCHAR2 or
NUMBER instead (e.g., '1,2,3' or 42) triggers an ORA-error (e.g., ORA-00932:
inconsistent datatypes). Oracle enforces strict typing for vector functions. Option A
(exceeding specified dimensions) is a red herring; the function reports the actual
dimension count of the vector, not the column’s defined limit—e.g.,
VECTOR_DIMENSION_COUNT(TO_VECTOR('[1,2,3]')) returns 3, even if the column is
VECTOR(2), as the error occurs at insertion, not here. Option C (duplicate values, like
[1,1,2]) is valid; the function counts dimensions (3), ignoring content. Option D
(using TO_VECTOR()) is explicitly supported;
VECTOR_DIMENSION_COUNT(TO_VECTOR('[1.2, 3.4]')) returns 2 without issue.
Misinterpreting this could lead developers to over-constrain data prematurely—B’s
type mismatch is the clear error case, rooted in Oracle’s vector type system.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on
VECTOR_DIMENSION_COUNT. An application needs to fetch the top-3 matching
sentences from a dataset of books while ensuring a balance between speed and
accuracy. Which query structure should you use?

A. Approximate similarity search with the VECTOR_DISTANCE function

B. Exact similarity search with Euclidean distance
C. Multivector similarity search with approximate fetching and target accuracy
D. A combination of relational filters and similarity search

Answer: A
• Explanation: The VECTOR_DISTANCE function in Oracle 23ai computes vector
distances, and if no metric is specified (e.g., VECTOR_DISTANCE(v1, v2)), it defaults to
Cosine (C). Cosine distance (1 - cosine similarity) is widely used for text embeddings
due to its focus on angular separation, ignoring magnitude—fitting for normalized
vectors from models like BERT. Euclidean (A) measures straight- line distance, not
default. Hamming (B) is for binary vectors, rare in 23ai’s FLOAT32 context.
Manhattan (D) sums absolute differences, less common for embeddings. Oracle’s
choice of Cosine reflects its AI focus, as documentation confirms, aligning with
industry norms for semantic similarity—vital for users assuming defaults in queries.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on
VECTOR_DISTANCE. 32/142 In Oracle Database 23ai, which SQL function
calculates the distance between two vectors using the Euclidean metric?

A. L1_DISTANCE
B. L2_DISTANCE
C. HAMMING_DISTANCE
D. COSINE_DISTANCE

Answer: B

• Explanation: The VECTOR_EMBEDDING function in Oracle 23ai (D) generates a

vector embedding from input data (e.g., text) using a specified model (e.g., ONNX),
producing a single VECTOR-type output for similarity search or AI tasks. It doesn’t
calculate dimensions (A); VECTOR_DIMENSION_COUNT does that. It doesn’t compute
distances (B); VECTOR_DISTANCE is for that. It doesn’t serialize vectors (C);
VECTOR_SERIALIZE handles serialization. Oracle’s documentation positions
VECTOR_EMBEDDING as the core function for in-database embedding creation,
central to vector search workflows. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language
Reference, Section on VECTOR_EMBEDDING. What is a key characteristic of HNSW
vector indexes?

A. They are hierarchical with multilayered connections

B. They require exact match for searches
C. They are disk-based structures
D. They use hash-based clustering

Answer: A

• Explanation: The VECTOR_EMBEDDING function in Oracle Database 23ai generates

a vector embedding from input data (e.g., a text string) using a specified model, such
as an ONNX model loaded into the database. It’s designed for in-database embedding
creation, supporting vector search and AI applications. Options A, B, and C
(GENERATE_EMBEDDING, CREATE_VECTOR_EMBEDDING, EMBED_TEXT) are not valid
SQL functions in 23ai. VECTOR_EMBEDDING integrates seamlessly with the VECTOR
data type and is documented as the standard method for embedding generation in
SQL queries. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on
VECTOR_EMBEDDING. Which PL/SQL function converts documents such as PDF,
DOC, JSON, XML, or HTML to plain text?

A. DBMS_VECTOR.TEXT_TO_PLAIN
B. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_TEXT
C. DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_CHUNKS
D. DBMS_VECTOR.CONVERT_TO_TEXT

Answer: B

• Explanation: To add a new column to an existing table, Oracle uses the ALTER
TABLE statement with the ADD clause. Option B, ALTER TABLE my_table ADD (v
VECTOR(4, FLOAT32)), correctly specifies the column name "v", the VECTOR type,
and its attributes (4 dimensions, FLOAT32 precision) within parentheses, aligning
with Oracle’s DDL syntax for VECTOR columns. Option A uses MODIFY, which alters
existing columns, not adds new ones, making it incorrect here. Option C uses UPDATE,
a DML statement for updating data, not a DDL operation for schema changes. Option
D omits parentheses around the VECTOR specification, which is syntactically invalid
as Oracle requires dimensions and format to be enclosed. The SQL Language
Reference confirms this syntax for adding VECTOR columns. Reference: Oracle
Database 23ai SQL Language Reference, Section on ALTER TABLE. A machine
learning team is using IVF indexes in Oracle Database 23ai to find similar images in a
large dataset. During testing, they observe that the search results are often
incomplete, missing relevant images. They suspect the issue lies in the number of
partitions probed. How should they improve the search accuracy?

A. Add the TARGET_ACCURACY clause to the query with a higher value for the accuracy
B. Change the index type to HNSW for better accuracy
C. Increase the VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE initialization parameter
D. Re-create the index with a higher EFCONSTRUCTION value
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Question: 13
Answer: A

• Explanation: To calculate the size: Each FLOAT32 value is 4 bytes. With 256
dimensions per embedding, one embedding is 256 × 4 = 1,024 bytes (1 KB). For
1,000 embeddings, the total size is 1,000 × 1,024 = 1,024,000 bytes  1 MB. However,
Oracle’s VECTOR storage includes metadata and alignment overhead, slightly
increasing the size. Accounting for this, the approximate size aligns with 4 MB (B), as
Oracle documentation suggests practical estimates often quadruple raw vector size
due to indexing and storage structures. 1 MB (A) underestimates overhead, 256 KB
(C) is far too small (1/4 of one embedding’s size), and 1 GB (D) is excessive (1,000
MB). Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on VECTOR
Storage. Which Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) service is directly integrated with
Select AI?

A. OCI Language
B. OCI Generative AI
C. OCI Vision
D. OCI Data Science

Answer: B

• Explanation: To ensure accurate data import, Oracle Data Pump requires format
consistency, preventing errors during vector ingestion. Real-time indexing, AI-driven
transformations, and in-memory processing have their own advantages but are not
primary considerations for Data Pump operations. Why is indexing typically not
required in exact similarity search?

A. Every query compares all stored vectors without reducing the search space
B. The index is updated dynamically based on query distribution statistics
C. Precomputed similarity scores eliminate the need for direct calculations
D. Clustering techniques efficiently narrow down the search candidates

Answer: A

• Explanation: To ensure compatibility, externally generated embeddings must

match the expected vector dimensionality in Oracle AI Vector Search. Dynamically
computing embeddings in SQL queries is inefficient, and varying dimensions disrupt
database indexing. Fetching embeddings from an API during queries introduces
latency and performance issues. Which configuration setting enhances SQL
Loader’s performance for vector imports?
A. Applying vector embedding compression before inserting
B. Increasing the bind array size for larger batch processing
C. Reducing memory allocation to limit query optimization
D. Using transactional mode to maintain consistency levels

Answer: B

• Explanation: To fetch the top five nearest vectors for a specific category, combine
relational filtering (e.g., WHERE category = 'X') with similarity search (C) (e.g.,
VECTOR_DISTANCE with ORDER BY and FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS). UNION ALL (A) is for
combining result sets, not filtering. Omitting WHERE (B) ignores the category
constraint. VECTOR_INDEX_HINT (D) influences index usage, not filtering, and
skipping WHERE misses the requirement. Oracle’s vector search examples use
WHERE clauses with similarity functions for such tasks. Reference: Oracle Database
23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Querying Vectors. What is the primary
function of an embedding model in the context of vector search?

A. To define the schema for a vector database

B. To execute similarity search operations within a database
C. To transform text or data into numerical vector representations
D. To store vectors in a structured format for efficient retrieval

Answer: C

• Explanation: To integrate OCI Generative AI with Autonomous Database in Oracle

23ai (e.g., for Select AI), an AI profile (A) is created within the database using
DBMS_AI. This profile configures the connection to OCI Generative AI, specifying the
LLM and authentication (e.g., Resource Principals). A compartment (B) organizes OCI
resources but isn’t “created” specifically for this integration; it’s a prerequisite. A new
user account (C) or VPN tunnel (D) isn’t required; security leverages existing
mechanisms. Oracle’s Select AI setup documentation highlights the AI profile as the
key facilitator. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai New Features Guide, Section on
Select AI Configuration. Why would you choose to NOT define a specific size for the
VECTOR column during development?

A. It impacts the accuracy of similarity searches

B. It restricts the database to a single embedding model
C. It limits the length of text that can be vectorized
D. Different external embedding models produce vectors with varying dimensions and data
types
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Question: 36

Answer: D

• Explanation: To modify a vector index with new dimensions, you must drop the
existing index and create a new one. ALTER INDEX does not apply to dimension
changes, and updates to vectors do not automatically trigger re-indexing. Which
strategy improves retrieval accuracy when using externally generated embeddings in
Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Removing common words from text-based embeddings to reduce noise

B. Applying L2 normalization to all embeddings before similarity search
C. Adjusting database indexing strategies dynamically during queries
D. Expanding the embedding size to increase the granularity of features

Answer: B

• Explanation: To prioritize accuracy over speed, exact similarity search with a full
table scan (C) computes distances between the query vector and all stored vectors,
guaranteeing 100% recall without approximation trade- offs. HNSW with 70% target
accuracy (A) and IVF with 70% (D) are approximate methods, sacrificing accuracy
for speed via indexing (e.g., probing fewer neighbors). Multivector search (B) isn’t a
standard Oracle 23ai term; partitioning aids scale, not accuracy. Exact search, though
slower, ensures maximum accuracy, as per Oracle’s vector search options.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Exact vs.
Approximate Search. What is the significance of splitting text into chunks in the
process of loading data into Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. To reduce the computational burden on the embedding model

B. To facilitate parallel processing of the data during vectorization
C. To minimize token truncation as each vector embedding model has its own maximum
token limit

Answer: C
Explanation:

Splitting text into chunks (C) in Oracle AI Vector Search (e.g., via
DBMS_VECTOR_CHAIN.UTL_TO_CHUNKS) ensures that each segment fits within the token
limit of
embedding models (e.g., 512 tokens for BERT), preventing truncation that loses semantic
content. This
improves vector quality for similarity search. Reducing computational burden (A) is a
secondary effect,
not the primary goal. Parallel processing (B) may occur but isn’t the main purpose;
chunking is about
model compatibility. Oracle’s documentation emphasizes chunking to align with embedding
model
constraints.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Text Preprocessing.

What is the purpose of the VECTOR_DISTANCE function in Oracle Database 23ai similarity
search?

A. To fetch rows that match exact vector embeddings

B. To create vector indexes for efficient searches
C. To group vectors by their exact scores
D. To calculate the distance between vectors using a specified metric

Answer: D

• Explanation: To return relevant results, the query vector must belong to at least
one of the partitions being searched. Equal partition distribution, cosine similarity,
and dimensionality reduction may influence performance but are not strict
requirements for optimal search results. Which technique improves retrieval
precision in Oracle AI Vector Search for RAG applications?

A. Storing embeddings as variable-length representations for flexible retrieval

B. Using hybrid search methods to combine semantic and lexical matching
C. Expanding dataset dimensionality to improve document retrieval diversity
D. Applying sequential text-based indexing to enhance interpretability

Answer: B

• Explanation: Tokenization, lowercasing, and stopword removal are essential

preprocessing steps that ensure consistency in embedding generation. Converting
text into vector indexes is not a valid approach, SQL- based preprocessing does not
generate embeddings, and mapping words to labels does not help with vector
similarity search. Why is Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) often
preferred for approximate nearest neighbor search?
A. It applies an exhaustive pairwise similarity comparison for precision
B. It structures vectors into multi-layered graphs for optimized traversal
C. It modifies query execution pathways to match predefined distance scores
D. It dynamically adjusts index clusters to maximize search recall accuracy

Answer: B

• Explanation: Transformer-based architectures such as BERT, GPT, and Sentence-

BERT are widely used for generating high-quality text embeddings. These models
capture contextual meaning effectively, making them ideal for vector search
applications. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are older architectures, while
Decision Trees and Support Vector Machines are not suited for vector representation
learning. What must be considered before indexing a vector column in a table?

A. The table must have an existing primary key before indexing.

B. The vector data must be converted to text for indexing purposes.
C. The indexing method must align with the vector distance function.
D. The embeddings must be stored in a separate relational table.

Answer: C

• Explanation: Tuning indexing parameters ensures an optimal trade-off between

accuracy and speed. Reducing query complexity, avoiding transformations, and
limiting distance calculations negatively impact robustness. Which retrieval
method improves the relevance of results when integrating a Python-based RAG
system with Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Filter indexed results based on numerical similarity scores

B. Combine keyword search with vector similarity retrieval
C. Train deep learning models to generate optimized embeddings
D. Normalize embeddings by applying principal component analysis

Answer: B

• Explanation: UPDATE is the most efficient for modifying vector embeddings

without unnecessary deletions or insertions. INSERT does not modify existing
records, DELETE removes data instead of modifying it, and MERGE is useful for
upserts but not always efficient for updates. Which tuning strategy enhances the
balance between speed and accuracy in an IVF search?
A. Applying aggressive vector quantization to minimize memory consumption
B. Reducing the query complexity by limiting the number of candidate matches
C. Implementing an adaptive similarity function based on search frequency
D. Increasing the number of partitions while optimizing the probe count

Answer: D

• Explanation: Updating high-dimensional vectors can reduce search efficiency due

to index modifications. Storage limitations are usually handled automatically,
dimensional consistency is predefined, and schema restructuring is not necessary
for updates. What happens when ef_search is set too low in an HNSW-based query?

A. The search engine rejects queries due to insufficient depth

B. The search may return suboptimal nearest neighbors
C. The search index must be fully rebuilt for improved accuracy
D. The search automatically falls back to brute-force scanning

Answer: B

• Explanation: Updating indexed vectors may require rebuilding the index to

maintain performance. Recalculating vectors is not necessary, similarity functions do
not change, and text conversion is not required. Which indexing method best
supports multi-vector similarity search for document retrieval?

A. Partitioned HNSW index for hierarchical lookup

B. Compressed vector tables for optimized storage
C. Relational embedding index with structured keys
D. Query-driven ranking models for enhanced recall

Answer: A

• Explanation: Using Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) indexing ensures fast

similarity-based searches while maintaining high relevance. ANN techniques, such as
HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) graphs, allow queries to return the best-
matching vectors efficiently. Sorting results using ORDER BY DESC is not an effective
strategy for vector searches, and full-table scans are computationally expensive.
Normalizing embeddings by dividing each value by the total sum is not a standard
practice for improving search performance. Why does HNSW use multiple layers in
its graph structure for search optimization?

A. To split vector embeddings into categories based on semantic meaning

B. To progressively refine search results as traversal moves between layers
C. To store different distance metrics in separate layers for flexible querying
D. To enable faster lookups by reducing the need for ANN approximation

Answer: B

• Explanation: Using Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) indexing helps to reduce

the search space while maintaining high accuracy, making vector searches more
efficient. Full-database scans are computationally expensive, L2 normalization does
not improve search efficiency, and hash keys are not suitable for high-dimensional
searches. Which metric is most commonly used for approximate similarity search
in vector databases?

A. Manhattan distance, which calculates sum of absolute differences in values

B. Jaccard index, which evaluates the overlap of categorical attribute sets
C. Cosine similarity, which measures angular distance between vector points
D. Hamming distance, which determines bitwise differences in vector hashes

Answer: C

• Explanation: Using incremental indexing ensures that new embeddings are added
to the index without recomputing the entire dataset, improving efficiency. Storing
embeddings in JSON format does not enhance retrieval performance. Applying
primary keys directly to vector columns is ineffective, as vector similarity search
requires specialized indexing. Full database scans are computationally expensive and
unnecessary with proper indexing. How does Select AI integrate with Oracle AI
Vector Search for natural language queries?

A. It generates embeddings dynamically based on text inputs

B. It applies unsupervised learning to enhance search results
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Question: 301
C. It translates prompts into SQL queries for precise execution
D. It clusters queries into topic-based AI search categories
Answer: C

• Explanation: Using local ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) models for
embedding within Oracle Database 23ai means loading pre-trained models (e.g., via
DBMS_VECTOR) into the database to generate vectors internally, rather than relying
on external APIs or services. The primary significance is enhanced security (D):
sensitive data (e.g., proprietary documents) never leaves the database, avoiding
exposure to external networks or third-party providers. This aligns with enterprise
needs for data privacy and compliance (e.g., GDPR), as the embedding process—say,
converting "confidential report" to a vector—occurs within Oracle’s secure
environment, leveraging its encryption and access controls. Option A (SQLPlus
support) is irrelevant; ONNX integration is about AI functionality, not legacy client
compatibility—SQLPlus can query vectors regardless. Option B (improved accuracy)
is misleading; accuracy depends on the model’s training, not its location—local vs.
external models could be identical (e.g., same BERT variant). Option C (reduced
dimensions) is a misconception; dimensionality is model- defined (e.g., 768 for
BERT), not altered by locality—processing speed might improve due to reduced
latency, but that’s secondary. Security is the standout benefit, as Oracle’s
documentation emphasizes in- database processing to minimize data egress risks, a
critical consideration for RAG or Select AI workflows where private data fuels LLMs.
Without this, external calls could leak context, undermining trust in AI applications.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Section on Local ONNX
Models; New Features Guide, In-Database AI Processing. Which of the following
actions will result in an error when using VECTOR_DIMENSION_COUNT() in Oracle
Database 23ai?

A. Providing a vector with a dimensionality that exceeds the specified dimension count
B. Using a vector with a data type that is not supported by the function
C. Providing a vector with duplicate values for its components
D. Calling the function on a vector that has been created with TO_VECTOR()
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Question: 56

Answer: B

• Explanation: Using parallel direct path loads allows SQL Loader to process and
insert vector embeddings efficiently, significantly improving ingestion speed.
Relational transformation, query optimization, and in-memory indexing are
beneficial in different cases but do not directly impact SQL Loader’s efficiency.
Which approach optimizes the storage of high-dimensional vector embeddings in
Oracle?

A. Compressing embeddings before storage to reduce memory footprint

B. Using XML format to store structured embeddings dynamically
C. Applying categorical encoding to transform vectors into labels
D. Storing vectors as plain text to preserve formatting precision

Answer: A

• Explanation: Using principal component analysis (PCA) reduces vector

dimensionality while preserving critical information, optimizing storage and
retrieval. Appending metadata increases storage overhead, plain text strings are
inefficient, and one-hot vectors are unsuitable for similarity searches. Why is IVF
(Inverted File Index) widely used for approximate similarity search?

A. It applies exhaustive search strategies to find the most accurate results

B. It partitions the dataset into clusters to limit the number of comparisons
C. It guarantees exact matches by considering all stored vector distances
D. It continuously reorganizes stored embeddings for higher precision

Answer: B

• Explanation: Validating retrieved content ensures accurate and reliable responses.

Expanding query complexity 139/142 introduces noise, semi-structured
formats do not enhance retrieval accuracy, and heuristic-based ranking lacks
contextual awareness. What is the primary drawback of using brute-force exact
similarity search for large datasets?

A. It discards similarity metrics in favor of fixed threshold matching

B. It relies on approximate nearest neighbor selection for acceleration
C. It scales poorly as the number of stored vectors increases significantly
D. It requires partitioning, which leads to additional indexing overhead

Answer: C

• Explanation: Vector columns require a fixed dimensionality defined at table

creation. Auto-incremented primary keys and foreign keys are not mandatory for
vector storage, and normalization is optional but not a strict requirement. What is
the key advantage of using Hamming distance for vector comparisons?
A. It efficiently measures differences between binary vector values.
B. It optimizes high-dimensional vector indexing using hash trees.
C. It ensures strict relational integrity across stored AI embeddings.
D. It prevents similarity degradation in large-scale vector queries.

Answer: A

• Explanation: Vector data types enable AI-driven databases to handle embeddings

—numerical representations of unstructured data such as text, images, and audio.
These embeddings capture the semantic meaning of data points and allow similarity-
based searches. Unlike traditional relational models, which rely on joins and
indexing, vector search leverages high-dimensional space to compare data
contextually. Which indexing technique is recommended for performing efficient
similarity searches in a PL/SQL RAG application?

A. Inverted Indexing to handle unstructured text efficiently

B. Hash Indexing for quick retrieval of exact vector matches
C. B-tree Indexing for structured queries with low overhead
D. Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) for fast retrieval

Answer: D

• Explanation: Vector embeddings are fixed-length numerical representations of

unstructured data, such as text, images, or audio, mapped into a continuous vector
space. They enable similarity-based searches by converting high-dimensional data
into a format that allows for fast retrieval and comparison. Unlike traditional
database indexing, which works with structured data, embeddings capture semantic
meanings and relationships. This is crucial in AI-driven searches, as it allows for
more relevant and context-aware results when querying large datasets. 106/142
Which Oracle feature enhances vector embedding storage without affecting retrieval
speed?

A. Storing embeddings in semi-structured table formats for flexible access

B. Implementing compression algorithms designed for floating-point vectors
C. Applying transactional isolation levels to improve consistency control
D. Using attribute-based partitioning to organize vector representations

Answer: B
• Explanation: Vector embeddings enable AI-powered search engines to retrieve
semantically similar documents, even when keywords do not match exactly. This is
particularly useful for recommendation systems, document retrieval, and chatbot
interactions. Unlike traditional relational joins, embeddings are used for similarity-
based rather than exact-match queries. In Oracle AI Vector Search, which method is
commonly used to generate vector embeddings from unstructured text data?

A. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

B. Word2Vec or BERT-based models
C. Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
D. Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling

Answer: B

• Explanation: Vector embeddings encode semantic meaning of text, allowing

similarity-based retrieval in a RAG pipeline. They do not replace relational keys,
compress storage, or eliminate preprocessing for full-text search. Instead, they
provide a numerical representation that allows efficient nearest-neighbor search.
Which optimization strategy can make exact similarity search more efficient without
reducing accuracy?

A. Reducing the number of stored vectors by applying aggressive pruning

B. Applying lossy compression to shrink vector dimensionality per query
C. Switching from exact nearest neighbor retrieval to approximate search
D. Parallelizing computations to distribute vector similarity calculations

Answer: D

• Explanation: Vector embeddings for text data are typically generated using deep
learning-based models such as Word2Vec, GloVe, or transformer-based architectures
like BERT. These models convert words or sentences into numerical vectors that
capture semantic meanings, allowing AI systems to perform similarity searches
based on contextual relationships. PCA, on the other hand, is used for dimensionality
reduction, while NDVI is used in remote sensing, and ER modeling is for relational
database design. Which factor directly influences the performance of a vector
index?

A. The total number of embeddings stored inside the table.

B. The choice of similarity function used for retrieval tasks.
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C. The frequency of updates performed on vector records.
D. The indexing method applied to non-vector columns.

Answer: B

• Explanation: Vector storage must support high-dimensional structures to be

efficient for similarity search. Row-based indexing is inefficient for embeddings,
multiple tables add complexity, and relational constraints do not optimize search
performance. 78/142 Which SQL statement is best for updating vector
embeddings efficiently?

A. The DELETE operation removing older vectors before insertion.

B. The UPDATE command with indexed filtering for vector columns.
C. The INSERT statement with conflict handling for unique vectors.
D. The MERGE function performing a simultaneous update process.

Answer: B

• Explanation: VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE in Oracle 23ai controls memory allocation for

vector operations (e.g., indexing, search) in the SGA. For a PDB, ALTER SYSTEM
adjusts parameters, andSCOPE=BOTH (A) applies the change immediately and
persists it across restarts (modifying the SPFILE). Syntax: ALTER SYSTEM SET
VECTOR_MEMORY_SIZE=1G SCOPE=BOTH sets it to 1 GB. Option B (ALTER
DATABASE) is invalid for this parameter, and SCOPE=VECTOR isn’t a valid scope.
Option C (SCOPE=SGA) isn’t a scope value; valid scopes are MEMORY, SPFILE, or
BOTH. Option D (RESET) reverts to default, not sets a value. In a PDB, this must be
executed in the PDB context, not CDB, and BOTH ensures durability— key for
production environments where vector workloads demand consistent memory.
Reference: Oracle Database 23ai Administrator’s Guide, Section on Initialization
Parameters. Which vector index available in Oracle Database 23ai is known for its
speed and accuracy, making it a preferred choice for vector search?

A. Binary Tree (BT) index

B. Inverted File System (IFS) index
C. Inverted File (IVF) index
D. Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) index
Answer: D

• Explanation: When creating an HNSW vector index, specifying a suitable distance

metric (such as cosine similarity or Euclidean distance) is essential. This metric
determines how similarity is measured in search queries. Vectors are automatically
structured into hierarchical graph layers, clustering is not required beforehand, and
category IDs are not necessary for indexing. Which technique improves efficiency
when storing externally generated embeddings in Oracle AI Vector Search?

A. Reducing vector dimensions using principal component analysis

B. Appending metadata fields to each embedding for added context
C. Encoding embeddings with one-hot vectors to minimize storage size
D. Storing embeddings as plain text strings in a relational database

Answer: A

• Explanation: When creating an IVF index, specifying the number of partitions is

crucial because it determines how vectors are grouped. Identifiers are not
mandatory, precomputing similarity scores is not part of the standard process, and
storing vectors in separate tables does not directly improve performance. Which
factor most affects the computational cost of inserting a new vector into an HNSW
index?

A. The dimensionality reduction applied before index insertion

B. The number of connections each node maintains in the graph
C. The frequency of queries executed against the vector index
D. The total count of vector embeddings stored in the database

Answer: B

• Explanation: When importing vector data, it’s essential to define storage

structures properly to ensure embedding sizes match database formats. Query
transformations, AI-based indexing, and vector compression are useful but not
primary considerations during Data Pump imports. Which of the following best
describes how to integrate Oracle AI Vector Search with a large language model
(LLM) in a RAG pipeline?

A. Use vector embeddings only for ranking SQL query results

B. Convert embeddings into BLOBs and process them through Oracle Machine Learning
C. Retrieve relevant vector search results and pass them as context to the LLM for response
generation
D. Directly store the LLM model inside the Oracle database and run inference using PL/SQL

Answer: C

• Explanation: When inserting vectors, the dimensionality must match the column
definition. Unique constraints are optional, indexing is performed after insertion,
and foreign key references are not a requirement for vector storage. Which
indexing method is commonly used in Oracle AI Vector Search to optimize vector
similarity queries?

A. Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW) Indexing

B. Inverted Indexing
C. Bloom Filters
D. B-tree Indexing

Answer: A

• Explanation: When vector embeddings are generated outside the database, the
storage choice must balance efficiency, scalability, and usability for similarity search.
A CSV file (A) is simple and human-readable but inefficient for large-scale vector
operations due to text parsing overhead and lack of indexing support. A binary FVEC
file (B) offers a compact format for vectors, reducing storage size and improving read
performance, but separating relational data into a CSV complicates integration and
querying, making it suboptimal for unified workflows. Storing embeddings as BLOBs
in a relational database (C) integrates well with structured data and supports SQL
access, but it lacks the specialized indexing (e.g., HNSW, IVF) and query optimizations
that dedicated vector databases provide. A dedicated vector database (D), such as
Milvus or Pinecone (or Oracle 23ai’s vector capabilities if internal), is purpose-built
for high- dimensional vectors, offering efficient storage, advanced indexing, and fast
approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) searches. For external generation scenarios,
where embeddings are not immediately integrated into Oracle 23ai, a dedicated
vector database is the most suitable due to its performance and scalability
advantages. Oracle’s AI Vector Search documentation indirectly supports this by
emphasizing optimized vector storage for search efficiency, though it focuses on in-
database solutions. Reference: Oracle Database 23ai AI Vector Search Guide, Chapter
on Vector Storage and Indexing. When generating vector embeddings for a new
dataset outside of Oracle Database 23ai, which factor is crucial to ensure meaningful
similarity search results?

A. The choice of programming language used to process the dataset (e.g., Python, Java)
B. The physical location where the vector embeddings are stored
C. The storage format of the new dataset (e.g., CSV, JSON)
D. The same vector embedding model must be used for vectorizing the data and creating a
query vector

Answer: D

• What security enhancement is introduced in Exadata System Software 24ai?

22/142

A. Integration with third-party security tools

B. Enhanced encryption algorithm for data at rest
C. SNMP security (Security Network Management Protocol)

Answer: B
Explanation:

Exadata System Software 24ai (noted in context beyond 23ai) introduces an enhanced
encryption
algorithm for data at rest (B), strengthening security for stored data, including vectors.
Third-party
integration (A) isn’t highlighted as a 24ai feature. SNMP security (C) relates to network
monitoring, not a
primary Exadata enhancement. Oracle’s Exadata documentation for 24ai emphasizes
advanced encryption
as a key security upgrade.
Reference: Oracle Exadata System Software 24ai Release Notes, Section on Security
Enhancements.

You need to generate a vector from the string '[1.2, 3.4]' in FLOAT32 format with 2
dimensions. Which
function will you use?

A. TO_VECTOR
B. VECTOR_DISTANCE
C. FROM_VECTOR
D. VECTOR_SERIALIZE

Answer: A