Theory of Structures (SEV320)

Week 8
Indeterminate structure- Displacement method
(Moment distribution method)

Dr Mahbube Subhani
Email: [email protected]
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 Outline
•General Principles & Definitions
•Moment distribution for beams
•Moment distribution for frames: Non-sway
•Moment distribution for frames: Sway

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Moment Distribution for Frames: Sway
Propping force

= +

Additional
unknown Stage I Stage II

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 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sway
Steps

Stage 1 Stage 2

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 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sway
Propping force
Steps

Stage I
Stage I Stage II

•Same analysis as non-sway frame

•Determine the Stage I BMD (𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼 ) from the non-sway frame
analysis
•Determine reaction or propping force (𝑃𝑃)

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 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sway
Steps
Stage II
Stage II

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 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sway
Steps
Stage II
FEM due to sway Stage I Stage II

• Assume a sway (arbitrary sway), ∆∗ and hence, assume the FEM causes
by this arbitrary sway (arbitrary FEM)
• Implement moment distribution method again using the arbitrary FEM
and determine Stage II BMD, 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼∗
• Determine the propping force from Stage II BMD, denoted as 𝑃𝑃∗

• The arbitrariness of the assumed sway can be determined from Stage I

propping force 𝑃𝑃 and Stage II propping force 𝑃𝑃∗ , called Sway factor (𝛼𝛼)
𝑃𝑃
α=−
𝑃𝑃∗
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 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sway
Steps
Stage II
Stage II

• Actual Sway
∆= 𝛼𝛼∆∗

• Actual Stage II Moment

𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼∗

• Final moment (superposition)

𝑀𝑀 = 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼 + 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

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Problem 8.1

Analyse the following frame

P P

Stage 1 Stage 2

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Solution 8.1
Propping force

Stage I:
• Follow steps for non-sway frame P

Determining propping force (𝑃𝑃)

Stage I end moment, 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼

P

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 Solution 8.1

Stage II:
P P
FEM due to sway C

Arbitrary FEM
Arbitrary (FEM)AB = -100 kN.m
6𝐸𝐸 × 1000 × 106 × ∆∗
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 =− = 100
52

∗
100 × 52 3𝐸𝐸 × 1250 × 106 × ∆∗
∆ =− 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 =− = −27.78 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
6𝐸𝐸 × 1000 × 106 7. 52

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Solution 8.1
P
Stage II:
Stage II end moments, 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼∗
Determining Stage II
propping force (𝑃𝑃∗ )

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Solution 8.1
Stage I end moments, 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼
Superposition (Stage I and II)
Sway factor, α
𝑃𝑃 −3.78 3.78 Stage II end moments, 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼∗
α=− ∗=− =
𝑃𝑃 25.1 25.1

Final moment (superposition) = 𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼 + α𝑀𝑀𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼∗

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Solution 8.1

Determine reaction
Draw SFD
Draw BMD

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 Outline
•General Principles & Definitions
•Moment distribution for beams Effect of
•Moment distribution for frames: Non-sway  Support settlement
 Temperature
•Moment distribution for frames: Sway  Initial curvature

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 Support settlement
• Support may settle due to different various soil property on which a structure is built
• The differential settlement of column cause moment in beam (column is subjected to
rigid body movement)
• The moment distribution process directly accounts for the moments associated with
member end rotation caused due to support settlement

Right support settles Left support settles

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 FEM due to support settlement (Fixed – fixed)

• FEM due to support settlement should be added (algebraic summation) to the FEM due to the
load (if load present in the segment)
• Same sign convention exists [ clockwise (+) and anti-clockwise (-)]

6𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∆
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 =± 2
𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
FEM (+)
n

∆ FEM (+) f ∆
FEM (-)
f n
FEM (-) 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
Right support settles
Left support settles

n = near end, f = far end

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 FEM due to support settlement (Fixed – pin)
• Same as before, for fixed – pin, the FEM will be half as of the fixed-fixed situation
• Same sign convention exists [ clockwise (+) and anti-clockwise (-)]

3𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∆
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = ± 2
𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
n
∆ ∆ f
n = near end
f n
f = far end
FEM (-) FEM (+)
FEM (-) Fixed end is settling

∆ ∆
FEM (+)
Right support settles Left support settles
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 Problem 8.2
Analyse the continuous beam shown below using moment distribution method.
The support B settles by 5 mm below A and C.

Assume, EI is constant for all members

E = 200 GPa and I = 8 x 106 mm4

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 Solution 8.2
• Span AB = Fixed-fixed
• Span BC = Fixed-pin
FEM due to load FEM due to support settlement
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 4 𝑥𝑥 4 6𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∆ 6 𝑥𝑥 200 𝑥𝑥 103 𝑥𝑥 8 𝑥𝑥 106 𝑥𝑥 5
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = − =− = − 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = − 2 =−
8 8 𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 40002
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 4 𝑥𝑥 4 = −3 𝑥𝑥 106 𝑁𝑁. 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = −3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = + =+ = + 2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
8 8
3𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶 ∆
𝑤𝑤𝐿𝐿2 2 𝑥𝑥 42 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = = 1.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 =− =− = −4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 𝐿𝐿2𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶
8 8
Final FEM
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −2 − 3 = −5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 2 − 3 = −1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

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𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −4 + 1.5 = −2.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 20
 Solution 8.2
• Span AB = Fixed-fixed
• Span BC = Fixed-pin

Stiffness Distribution factor

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0
4 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑘𝑘𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
4 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐶𝐶𝐵𝐵 = 1
3 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = = 0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
4 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐵𝐵𝐴𝐴 = = 0.57
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + 0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶 = = 0.43
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + 0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

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 Solution 8.2
Balancing
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB

DF 0 0.57 0.43 1

FEM -5 -1 -2.5 0
Distribution +2 +1.5
CO +1
-4 +1 -1 0
End moments  � 𝑀𝑀

𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = +1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
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𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 22
 Solution 8.2
𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = +1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = −1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
Reactions
4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶
𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵

� 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 0 � 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = 0
� 𝐹𝐹𝑌𝑌 = 0

⇒ 4 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 − 4 + 1 − 4 𝑥𝑥 2 = 0 ⇒ 4 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 − 1 − 2 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑥𝑥 2 = 0
⇒ 2.75 − 4 + 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 0
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 = 2.75 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 4.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 1.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
� 𝐹𝐹𝑌𝑌 = 0 ⇒ 4.25 − 4 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶 = 0

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 Solution 8.2
4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

𝑅𝑅𝐴𝐴 = 2.75 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 1.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 4.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 = 5.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶 = 3.75 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2.75 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 5.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 3.75 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3.75 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2.75 4.25 = 1.875 𝑚𝑚
2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
SFD
1.25
3.75
3.52
1.5
BMD
1
4

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 Temperature effect
• A beam / frame can be subjected to different temperature on both sides
• Different temperature causes differential expansion / contraction within the structural
element
• This temperature effect is divided into two components – bending and axial force

h h h
h T1
T1
T2
T2 = ∆Tu
+ +∆TG
-∆TG

Combined Axial effect Bending

effect effect
𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇2 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2
∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 = ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 =
2 2

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 Deformation due to temperature
h h h
h T1
T1
T2
T2 = ∆Tu
+ +∆TG
-∆TG

Combined effect Axial effect Bending effect

𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2
𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇2 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 =
𝛼𝛼 = co-efficient of thermal expansion ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 = 2
2
𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺
Axial deformation, 𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 = 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 Rotation, 𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 =
ℎ ⁄2

• Rotation affect the member on which thermal stress is acting

– In this example, it’s member AB

• Axial deformation causes bending on the adjoint member

– In this example, it’s member BC 26

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 FEM due to bending effect / rotation T1
T2
h

h h

+∆TG +∆TG
Bending effect
-∆TG -∆TG 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2
∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 =
2
𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺
Rotation, 𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 =
FEM (-) FEM (+) ℎ ⁄2

FEM (+) FEM (-)

Fixed-fixed
• Same sign convention exists [ clockwise (+) and anti-clockwise (-)]
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = ±𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇
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n = near end, f = far end 27
 FEM due to bending effect / rotation T1
T2
h

h h

+∆TG +∆TG
Bending effect
-∆TG -∆TG 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2
∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 =
2
FEM (-) FEM (+) 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺
Rotation, 𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 = ℎ ⁄2

Fixed-pin
• Same sign convention exists [ clockwise (+) and anti-clockwise (-)]

3
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = ± 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 28
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 FEM due to axial effect
𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇2
• Axial deformation causes bending on the adjoint member ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 =
2
6𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∆
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 =± 2 Axial deformation, 𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 = 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢
FEM (-) 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

∆ FEM (+)
∆
FEM (-)
n f n f
h FEM (+)
T1 h
T2
T1
T2
Fixed-fixed
𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

Elongation in member AB, ∆=

Elongation in member CD,
𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 𝐿𝐿𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 29
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 FEM due to axial effect
𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇2
• Axial deformation causes bending on the adjoint member ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 =
2
3𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∆
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = ± 2 Axial deformation, 𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 = 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢
FEM (-) 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
FEM (+)
∆
∆

h
h
T1
T1
T2
L T2 L
Fixed-pin

𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝐿𝐿𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

Elongation of the element, ∆= Elongation of the element,

𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 𝐿𝐿 ∆= 𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 𝐿𝐿
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 Problem 8.3
Analyse the frame.
EI = 2 x 105 kN.m2 B C
1m
40 kN
𝛼𝛼 = 10−5 /℃

A D

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 Solution 8.3
• Span AB = Pin-pin (truss member – only B C 40 kN 1m
carry load axially)
• Span BC = Fixed-pin
• Span CD = Fixed-pin A D

FEM due to load

𝑃𝑃 2
𝑎𝑎2 𝑏𝑏 40 2
12 𝑥𝑥 3
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 =− 2 𝑏𝑏 + =− 2 3 + = − 26.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝐿 2 4 2

𝑤𝑤𝐿𝐿2 60 𝑥𝑥 52
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 =+ =+ = +187.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
8 8

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 Solution 8.3
Temperature effect B C 40 kN 1m
Span CD
d d d
20 A D
+15
-10
= 5
+
-15
∆Tu +∆TG
Combined effect
Axial effect Bending effect

𝑇𝑇1 + 𝑇𝑇2 20 + (−10) 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 20 − (−10)

∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 = = =5 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 = = = 15
2 2 2 2

Axial deformation, Rotation,

𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 15 𝑥𝑥 10−5
𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 = 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 = 5 𝑥𝑥 10−5 𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 = = = 10−3
𝑑𝑑 ⁄2 0.3⁄2

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 Solution 8.3 B C 40 kN 1m

Temperature effect
Rotation, A D
Axial deformation, 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝐺𝐺 15 𝑥𝑥 10−5
𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 = 𝛼𝛼 ∆𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 = 5 𝑥𝑥 10−5 𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 = = = 10−3
𝑑𝑑 ⁄2 0.3⁄2

FEM due to temperature

FEMCB (+)
3 3 ∆= 𝜀𝜀𝑇𝑇 𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 5 𝑥𝑥 10−5 𝑥𝑥 4 = 2 𝑥𝑥 10−4
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = − 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝜑𝜑 𝑇𝑇 = − 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 105 𝑥𝑥 10−3
2 2
= −300 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

FEMCD (-)
3𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∆
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = +
𝐿𝐿2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 300
3 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 105 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 10−4 +15
=+ = +4.8 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
52
-15

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 Solution 8.3
• Span AB = Pin-pin (truss member – only carry load B C 1m
axially)
40 kN

• Span BC = Fixed-pin
• Span CD = Fixed-pin A D

Final FEM
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = −26.25 − 300 = −326.25 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐵𝐵 = +187.5 + 4.8 = +192.3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 Distribution factor

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶 = 1
Stiffness
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 1
3 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑘𝑘𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = = 0.6 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 0.6 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
5 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐶𝐶𝐵𝐵 = = 0.44
0.6 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + 0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
3 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑘𝑘𝐶𝐶𝐷𝐷 = = 0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 0.75 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
4 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐶𝐶𝐷𝐷 = = 0.56
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 Solution 8.3
Balancing B C 40 kN 1m

Joint B C D
Member BC CB CD DC A D
DF 1 0.44 0.56 1
FEM 0 +192.3 -326.25 0
Distribution +58.94 +75
0 +251.24 -251.24 0
� 𝑀𝑀  End moments

𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = +251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = −251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚

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 B C
Solution 8.3 40 kN 1m

Reactions
60 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 A D

� 𝐹𝐹𝑌𝑌 = 0
𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
� 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = 0
� 𝑀𝑀𝐷𝐷 = 0
40 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
⇒ 5 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 + 251.24 − 60 𝑥𝑥 5 𝑥𝑥 2.5 = 0
⇒ 4 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 − 251.24 − 40 𝑥𝑥 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 = 100 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 92.81 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
� 𝐹𝐹𝑌𝑌 = 0
𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
⇒ 100 − 60 𝑥𝑥 5 + 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0 � 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 = 0
𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
⇒ 92.81 − 40 − 𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 0
⇒ 𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 52.81 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 37
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 B C
Solution 8.3 40 kN 1m

60 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚
251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚 A D

𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝑅𝑅𝐵𝐵 = 100 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
SFD BMD
251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑚𝑚
100 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
SFD = 92.81 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (+) (-)
100/60 = 1.67m
40 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 92.81 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 158.43 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

83.33 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
= 52.81 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
BMD 52.81 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
= 200 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

251.24 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
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