Koya University

Faculty of Science and Health

Department of Computer science

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Prepared by :
Sahand Dler Alan Ismail Haryad
Didar
Ismail omer Blnd Reband Esra
Abdulstar

Supervised by Shkar Dilshad

Date : 10/12/2024

introduction

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think, reason, learn, and perform tasks that typically require human cognitive
abilities. AI aims to create systems that can understand natural language, recognize patterns,
make decisions, and solve problems autonomously. Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the
creation of machines and systems that can perform tasks that typically require human
intelligence. These tasks include reasoning, learning, problem-solving, understanding language,
and visual perception. AI aims to replicate or simulate human cognitive abilities to enable
machines to make decisions and solve problems independently.
The field of AI encompasses a wide range of technologies, from simple algorithms to advanced
neural networks. It has applications in numerous areas, including healthcare, finance, robotics,
entertainment, and transportation. AI is already part of our everyday lives, powering
technologies like voice assistants, recommendation systems, and autonomous vehicles.
Overall, AI is revolutionizing industries, making processes more efficient and opening up new
possibilities for innovation and [Link] Intelligence (AI) refers to the branch
of computer science focused on building systems capable of performing tasks that would
normally require human intelligence. These tasks include reasoning, problem-solving, learning
from experience, understanding natural language, recognizing objects, and making decisions. AI
seeks to create machines that can simulate human cognitive functions, such as thinking,
learning, and adapting to new [Link] Intelligence (AI) has made significant strides
in recent years, offering transformative benefits across various industries such as healthcare,
finance, education, and transportation. However, despite its potential, the rapid development
and deployment of AI systems raise several concerns. While AI can enhance efficiency, automate
tasks, and solve complex problems, it also presents a range of disadvantages that can have far-
reaching consequences for individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.
This report will explore the various disadvantages associated with AI, focusing on issues such as
job displacement, ethical concerns, privacy risks, biases in AI systems, and the potential for
misuse. As AI continues to evolve, it is essential to address these challenges in order to ensure
that its development and implementation are aligned with societal values and the well-being of
humanity. Understanding the limitations and risks of AI is crucial for creating responsible and
equitable solutions in a world increasingly shaped by intelligent machines.

Whats Artificial Intelligence (AI) :

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that focuses on creating machines
and software that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks
include reasoning, learning from experience, problem-solving, understanding natural language,
visual perception, and decision-making. AI systems aim to simulate or replicate human cognitive
functions to perform complex tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention.
AI involves a variety of techniques and technologies, such as machine learning (where systems
learn from data and improve over time), deep learning (which uses neural networks to analyze
large datasets), and natural language processing (which enables machines to understand and
generate human language). The development of AI has led to advancements in computer vision
(enabling machines to interpret visual information), robotics (creating autonomous robots
capable of performing tasks in the physical world), and expert systems (which make decisions
based on knowledge and rules).

History of Ai :
The history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) spans several decades, evolving from early
philosophical ideas to the advanced machine learning systems we have today. The term
"artificial intelligence" was first coined by John McCarthy in 1956, during the famous
Dartmouth Conference, which is widely considered the founding event of AI as an academic
discipline. At that time, researchers were optimistic about AI's potential to solve complex
problems by mimicking human reasoning. Early AI research focused on symbolic reasoning,
where machines followed explicit rules and logic. After 2018, AI saw rapid advancements with
the introduction of transformer-based models like GPT-3 and BERT, revolutionizing natural
language processing. The rise of large-scale AI models accelerated innovation in fields like
healthcare, finance, and entertainment. By the early 2020s, AI investments surged, and concerns
over ethical issues, data privacy, and job displacement led to calls for regulation. AI's role in
society became a major focus, with debates on how to ensure its safe and equitable development.
In addition to advances in language models, AI-driven innovations in autonomous vehicles,
robotics, and personalized medicine gained significant traction. The increasing prevalence of AI
led to global discussions on creating frameworks for responsible AI use, focusing on fairness,
transparency, and accountability.

Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence:

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Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence refer to the significant progress and breakthroughs in
AI technologies and applications that have occurred in recent years. These developments
include innovations in machine learning models, such as transformers and large language
models, which have revolutionized tasks like natural language processing, image recognition,
and autonomous decision-making. AI has also made notable strides in healthcare, robotics,
creative industries, and climate change solutions, while simultaneously raising important ethical
and regulatory concerns about fairness, transparency, and accountability. These advancements
have expanded the potential and impact of AI across diverse sectors and continue to shape its
future trajectory.
Since 2018, key developments in AI include the rise of transformer architectures, which
revolutionized natural language processing models like BERT and GPT-2, improving language
understanding and generation. GPT-3, released in 2020, set a new benchmark with its 175
billion parameters, pushing the boundaries of AI’s interaction with human language. AI’s role in
healthcare expanded with applications in medical imaging, disease diagnosis, and drug
discovery, improving patient care and enabling personalized medicine. Ethical considerations
surrounding AI gained focus with initiatives like the EU’s AI Act, which addresses fairness, bias,
and transparency in AI systems. Reinforcement learning continued to advance robotics, with
companies like OpenAI and Boston Dynamics using AI for complex tasks and autonomous
decision-making.

Risks and Dangers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) :

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve and expand, concerns about its potential
dangers are growing louder. Experts are increasingly warning that AI could surpass human
intelligence, leading to unforeseen risks.
Geoffrey Hinton, often referred to as the Godfather of AI for his pioneering work in machine
learning and neural networks, has been vocal about these risks. In 2023, Hinton left his position
at Google to raise awareness about the dangers of AI, even expressing regret over his life’s work
in the field. He stated, "These things could get more intelligent than us and could decide to take
over, and we need to worry now about how we prevent that from happening."
Hinton's concerns are shared by many in the tech world. Elon Musk, founder of Tesla and
SpaceX, along with over 1,000 tech leaders, signed an open letter in 2023 urging a pause on
large-scale AI experiments. The letter emphasized that AI technologies could pose profound
risks to society and humanity, underscoring the need for careful consideration of the potential
consequences as AI continues to advance.

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Here are some of the effects of artificial intelligence on humans:
[Link] of Jobs Due to Artificial Intelligence :
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted the labor market, especially in
areas where tasks can be automated. AI technologies such as machine learning, robotics, and
natural language processing are increasingly capable of performing jobs that were traditionally
carried out by humans. While this technological shift offers many advantages, such as increased
productivity, cost reduction, and improved precision, it also presents considerable challenges.
Automation of routine tasks allows human workers to focus on more creative and complex roles.
However, it also raises the risk of widespread job displacement in certain industries. Sectors like
manufacturing, transportation, and retail are particularly vulnerable, as AI-powered systems
and robots become increasingly skilled at handling manual and repetitive tasks.
Moreover, even skilled professions are not immune to automation. AI is making significant
inroads into fields such as healthcare, finance, and legal services, where machine learning
algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data more efficiently than human workers. This shift
may threaten jobs in these industries, particularly for tasks that were once thought to be
immune to [Link] a result, while AI promises greater efficiency and innovation, it also
underscores the need for thoughtful consideration of its societal impacts, including the potential
for significant job displacement and economic inequality.

2. Dependence on Technology:

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