ATOMIC STRUCTURE

1. Who discovered the electron through experiments with cathode rays?

a) J.J. Thomson b) Ernest Rutherford c) Niels Bohr d) John Dalton

2. What is the approximate mass of an electron compared to a proton?

a) 1/1836 b) 1/1000 c) 1/2000 d) Equal

3. Cathode rays are deflected by which of the following?

a) Electric field only b) Magnetic field only c) Both electric and magnetic
fields d) Neither electric nor magnetic field

4. What is the charge on a proton in coulombs?

a) +1.6 × 10⁻ ¹⁹ b) -1.6 × 10⁻ ¹⁹ c) 0 d) +1.6 × 10⁻ ¹⁸

5. According to Rutherford’s atomic model, where is most of the atom’s mass

concentrated?
a) Electron cloud b) Nucleus c) Orbitals d) Shells

6. What is a major limitation of Rutherford’s atomic model?

a) It ignored the nucleus b) It could not explain electron stability c) It
ignored protons d) It assumed uniform mass distribution

7. In Bohr’s model, the radius of the nth orbit of a hydrogen atom is given by:
a) 0.529 × n² Å b) 0.529 × n Å c) 0.529/n² Å d) 0.529 × n²/2 Å

8. The energy of an electron in the nth orbit of a hydrogen atom is:

a) -13.6/n² eV b) -13.6 × n² eV c) 13.6/n² eV d) 13.6 × n eV

9. What does the negative sign in the energy of an electron in Bohr’s model
indicate?
a) Electron is unbound b) Electron is bound to the nucleus c) Energy is
infinite d) Electron is in the nucleus

10. What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell with principal

quantum number n?
a) 2n b) n² c) 2n² d) n

11. Which quantum number determines the shape of an orbital?

a) Principal b) Azimuthal c) Magnetic d) Spin

12. How many orbitals are present in the p-subshell?

a) 1 b) 3 c) 5 d) 7

13. The magnetic quantum number (mₗ ) for a d-orbital can have how many
values?
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9

14. What is the spin quantum number for an electron?

a) ±1 b) ±1/2 c) 0 d) ±2
15. Which set of quantum numbers is invalid for an electron?
a) n=2, l=1, mₗ =0, mₛ =+1/2 b) n=3, l=3, mₗ =-2, mₛ =-1/2 c) n=4, l=2,
mₗ =-2, mₛ =+1/2 d) Dial=0, mₗ =0, mₛ =-1/2

16. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is given by:

a) h/mv b) mv/h c) h/m d) h/v

17. According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which pair cannot be

measured simultaneously with high precision?
a) Position and momentum b) Energy and time c) Both a and b d)
Velocity and mass

18. The quantum mechanical model of the atom is primarily based on which
principle?
a) Bohr’s theory b) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle c) Aufbau principle
d) Hund’s rule

19. Which rule states that electrons occupy orbitals singly before pairing?
a) Aufbau principle b) Pauli exclusion principle c) Hund’s rule d)
Heisenberg principle

20. What is the electron configuration of sodium (atomic number 11)?

a) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁵ 3s² c) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² d) 1s² 2s² 2p⁷

21. How many unpaired electrons are present in a nitrogen atom (atomic
number 7)?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

22. In Bohr’s model, the energy difference between consecutive orbits:

a) Is constant b) Increases with n c) Decreases with n d) Is zero

23. What is the maximum number of electrons in the 4f subshell?

a) 6 b) 10 c) 14 d) 18

24. Who proposed the wave-particle duality of matter?

a) Bohr b) de Broglie c) Heisenberg d) Schrödinger

25. Which series in the hydrogen spectrum lies in the ultraviolet region?
a) Lyman b) Balmer c) Paschen d) Brackett

26. The Balmer series corresponds to transitions to which energy level?

a) n=1 b) n=2 c) n=3 d) n=4

27. The frequency of radiation emitted during an electron transition in a

hydrogen atom is given by:
a) ν = R(1/n₁² - 1/n₂²) b) ν = R(n₁² - n₂²) c) ν = R(1/n₂² - 1/n₁²) d) ν = R(n₂² -
n₁²)

28. The ionization energy of a hydrogen atom is:

 a) 13.6 eV b) 10.2 eV c) 3.4 eV d) 1.51 eV

29. Which element has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶?
a) Neon b) Argon c) Sodium d) Chlorine

30. The angular momentum of an electron in Bohr’s orbit is:

a) nh/2π b) 2π/nh c) nh d) h/2πn

31. Which orbital has a dumbbell shape?

a) s b) p c) d d) f

32. The number of nodes in a 3s orbital is:

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

33. Which transition in a hydrogen atom emits the longest wavelength?

a) n=2 to n=1 b) n=3 to n=2 c) n=4 to n=3 d) n=5 to n=4

34. The Pauli exclusion principle states that:

a) Electrons fill lower energy orbitals first b) No two electrons can have the
same four quantum numbers c) Electrons pair up in degenerate orbitals d)
Orbitals have specific shapes

35. The energy of a photon is given by:

a) E = hv b) E = hc/λ c) E = mc² d) Both a and b

36. Which is not a feature of Bohr’s model?

a) Quantized energy levels b) Circular orbits c) Wave nature of electrons
d) Angular momentum quantization

37. The azimuthal quantum number (l) for a 4d orbital is:

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

38. How many orbitals are present in the n=3 energy level?
a) 3 b) 6 c) 9 d) 12

39. Where is the probability density of finding an electron highest for a 1s

orbital?
a) At the nucleus b) Far from the nucleus c) At a fixed radius d) Uniform
everywhere

40. Which element has the highest ionization energy among the following?
a) Li b) Be c) B d) C

41. The splitting of spectral lines in a magnetic field is called:

a) Stark effect b) Zeeman effect c) Photoelectric effect d) Compton effect

42. The number of radial nodes in a 4p orbital is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

43. Which transition in a hydrogen atom corresponds to the Paschen series?

 a) n=2 to n=1 b) n=3 to n=2 c) n=4 to n=3 d) n=5 to n=4

44. The ground state electron configuration of Cr (atomic number 24) is:
a) [Ar] 3d⁴ 4s² b) [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ c) [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s⁰ d) [Ar] 3d³ 4s³

45. Which set of quantum numbers is correct for the last electron in oxygen?
a) n=2, l=1, mₗ =0, mₛ =+1/2 b) n=2, l=0, mₗ =0, mₛ =-1/2 c) n=3, l=1,
mₗ =-1, mₛ =+1/2 d) n=2, l=2, mₗ =0, mₛ =-1/2

46. The wavelength of a photon emitted during a transition from n=3 to n=2 in
a hydrogen atom is approximately:
a) 656 nm b) 486 nm c) 410 nm d) 121 nm

47. Which principle explains why electrons do not spiral into the nucleus?
a) Aufbau principle b) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle c) Pauli exclusion
principle d) Hund’s rule

48. The total number of electrons in a subshell with azimuthal quantum

number l is:
a) 2l + 1 b) 2(2l + 1) c) l + 1 d) 2l

49. Which atom has the maximum number of unpaired electrons?

a) Carbon b) Nitrogen c) Oxygen d) Fluorine

50. The energy required to remove an electron from the n=1 orbit of a
hydrogen atom is:
a) 10.2 eV b) 13.6 eV c) 3.4 eV d) 1.51 eV

51. Who proposed that electrons exhibit both particle and wave properties?
a) Planck b) de Broglie c) Einstein d) Rutherford

52. The number of orbitals in a 4f subshell is:

a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9

53. What is the formula for the number of radial nodes in an orbital?
a) n - l - 1 b) n + l c) n - l d) l - 1

54. Which of the following is true for cathode rays?

a) They are positively charged b) They travel in curved paths c) They are
independent of the cathode material d) They have a positive mass-to-charge
ratio

55. The electron configuration of Ni²⁺ (atomic number 28) is:

a) [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² b) [Ar] 3d⁸ c) [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² d) [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s¹

56. What is the total number of orbitals in the n=4 energy level?
a) 4 b) 8 c) 12 d) 16

57. Which of the following is not explained by Bohr’s model?

 a) Stability of atoms b) Spectra of multi-electron atoms c) Quantized
energy levels d) Hydrogen spectrum

58. The orbital angular momentum of an electron is given by:

a) √[l(l+1)] h/2π b) nh/2π c) √[n(n+1)] h/2π d) lh/2π

59. Which series in the hydrogen spectrum lies in the infrared region?
a) Lyman b) Balmer c) Paschen d) Brackett

60. The number of unpaired electrons in 1s² 2s² 2p³ is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

61. Which of the following violates the Aufbau principle?

a) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3p¹ c) 1s² 2s² 3s¹ d) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

62. The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

63. The energy of an electron in the second orbit of a hydrogen atom is:
a) -13.6 eV b) -3.4 eV c) -6.8 eV d) -1.51 eV

64. Which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron
in a 3d orbital?
a) n=3, l=2, mₗ =-2, mₛ =+1/2 b) n=3, l=1, mₗ =-1, mₛ =-1/2 c) n=3, l=3,
mₗ =0, mₛ =+1/2 d) n=3, l=0, mₗ =0, mₛ =-1/2

65. The wavelength of a particle with mass m and velocity v is:

a) h/mv b) mv/h c) h/m d) m/hv

66. Which of the following has the highest energy?

a) 1s orbital b) 2s orbital c) 2p orbital d) 3s orbital

67. The number of angular nodes in a 4d orbital is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

68. Which of the following transitions in a hydrogen atom emits a photon in

the visible region?
a) n=3 to n=1 b) n=4 to n=2 c) n=5 to n=3 d) n=6 to n=4

69. The electron configuration of Cu (atomic number 29) is:

a) [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s² b) [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ c) [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² d) [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²

70. Which of the following is true for isotopes?

a) Same atomic number, different mass number b) Same mass number,
different atomic number c) Same number of electrons, different neutrons d)
Same number of protons, different electrons

71. The number of electrons in a neutral atom with atomic number Z is:
a) Z b) 2Z c) Z + 1 d) Z - 1
72. The energy difference between n=2 and n=3 in a hydrogen atom is:
a) 1.89 eV b) 3.4 eV c) 10.2 eV d) 13.6 eV

73. Which of the following orbitals has a spherical shape?

a) p b) d c) f d) s

74. The number of electrons in the valence shell of calcium (atomic number
20) is:
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

75. Which principle is violated if two electrons in the same orbital have the
same spin?
a) Aufbau principle b) Pauli exclusion principle c) Hund’s rule d)
Heisenberg principle

76. The ionization energy of an electron in the n=2 orbit of a hydrogen atom is:
a) 13.6 eV b) 6.8 eV c) 3.4 eV d) 1.51 eV

77. The number of orbitals in a subshell with azimuthal quantum number l is:
a) l b) 2l + 1 c) 2l d) l + 1

78. Which of the following atoms has the lowest ionization energy?
a) Na b) Mg c) Al d) Si

79. The Rydberg constant (R) used in the hydrogen spectrum formula is
approximately:
a) 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻ ¹ b) 1.097 × 10⁶ m⁻ ¹ c) 1.097 × 10⁵ m⁻ ¹ d) 1.097 ×
10⁸ m⁻ ¹

80. The electron configuration of Fe²⁺ (atomic number 26) is:

a) [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² b) [Ar] 3d⁶ c) [Ar] 3d⁴ 4s² d) [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

81. Which of the following transitions emits the shortest wavelength in a

hydrogen atom?
a) n=2 to n=1 b) n=3 to n=2 c) n=4 to n=3 d) n=5 to n=4

82. The number of radial nodes in a 3p orbital is:

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

83. Which scientist proposed the planetary model of the atom?

a) Thomson b) Rutherford c) Bohr d) Dalton

84. The total number of nodes in a 4s orbital is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

85. Which of the following is true for isobars?

a) Same atomic number, different mass number b) Same mass number,
different atomic number c) Same number of electrons d) Same number of
neutrons
86. The electron configuration of an atom with a filled K and L shell is:
a) 1s² 2s² b) 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ c) 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ d) 1s² 2s² 2p⁸

87. The energy of a photon emitted in the Balmer series is highest for which
transition?
a) n=3 to n=2 b) n=4 to n=2 c) n=5 to n=2 d) n=∞ to n=2

88. Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory?

a) Atoms are indivisible b) Atoms of the same element are identical c)
Atoms can be created or destroyed d) Atoms combine in simple ratios

89. The number of unpaired electrons in a carbon atom (atomic number 6) is:
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4

90. The energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom depends on:

a) Principal quantum number only b) Azimuthal quantum number c)
Magnetic quantum number d) Spin quantum number

91. Which of the following subshells has the highest energy in a multi-electron
atom?
a) 3d b) 4s c) 4p d) 4d

92. The number of electrons in a neutral magnesium atom (atomic number 12)
is:
a) 10 b) 12 c) 14 d) 16

93. Which of the following is true for the ground state of a hydrogen atom?
a) n=1, l=0, mₗ =0, mₛ =+1/2 b) n=1, l=1, mₗ =0, mₛ =+1/2 c) n=2, l=0,
mₗ =0, mₛ =-1/2 d) n=1, l=0, mₗ =1, mₛ =-1/2

94. The number of orbitals in the 5f subshell is:

a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9

95. Which of the following transitions in a hydrogen atom corresponds to the

Brackett series?
a) n=3 to n=2 b) n=4 to n=3 c) n=5 to n=4 d) n=6 to n=4

96. The electron configuration of an ion with a +2 charge and atomic number
20 is:
a) [Ar] 4s² b) [Ar] c) [Ne] 3s² d) [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶

97. The number of electrons in the M shell of an atom with atomic number 18
is:
a) 2 b) 6 c) 8 d) 10

98. Which of the following is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron
in a 4p orbital?
a) n=4, l=1, mₗ =-1, mₛ =+1/2 b) n=4, l=2, mₗ =0, mₛ =-1/2 c) n=4, l=0,
mₗ =0, mₛ =+1/2 d) n=4, l=3, mₗ =-2, mₛ =-1/2
99. The de Broglie wavelength of an electron increases if:
a) Velocity increases b) Mass increases c) Velocity decreases d) Mass
decreases

100. Which of the following statements about cathode rays is incorrect?

a) They are negatively charged b) They travel in straight lines c) They
depend on the gas in the tube d) They are deflected by electric fields

1.a 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.a 9.b 10.c 11.a 12.b 13.b 14.b 15.b 16.a 17.c 18.b
19.c 20.a 21.c 22.c 23.c 24.b 25.a 26.b 27.c 28.a 29.b 30.a 31.b 32.c 33.c
34.b 35.d 36.c 37.c 38.c 39.c 40.b 41.b 42.b 43.c 44.b 45.a 46.a 47.b 48.b
49.b 50.b 51.b 52.c 53.a 54.c 55.b 56.d 57.b 58.a 59.c 60.c 61.c 62.b 63.b
64.a 65.a 66.d 67.b 68.b 69.b 70.a 71.a 72.a 73.d 74.a 75.b 76.c 77.b 78.a
79.a 80.b 81.a 82.b 83.b 84.c 85.b 86.b 87.d 88.c 89.c 90.a 91.d 92.b 93.a
94.c 95.d 96.b 97.c 98.a 99.c 100.c