NAME ;…………………………………………………………………………………………………… CLASS;………………

ADMISSION NUMBER ;…………………………………………………………….. SIGNATURE;……………………………………..

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION

FORM TWO

END OF TERM TWO EXAMINATION, 2024

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

i) Write your name, class, admission number and signature in the spaces provided above.
ii) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
iii) Draw all the diagrams using a pencil.
DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANK SPACE.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

CANDIDATES SCORE
QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE

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80

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 1. a) State the main importance of a lens in a light microscope ( 1 mark )
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b) Why is the electron microscope said to be safer to the eyes than a light microscope ( 1 mark)
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2. The following is a graph representing results of an investigation on a physiological process when

a) Explain why the concentration at M is the normal cell sap concentration of potato cells used in the
experiment ( 2 marks )

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b) Why is there no further change in weight at 1.0 concentration ( 1 mark )

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c) State two conditions necessary for osmosis to take place ( 2 marks )

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3a) Name the part of chloroplast where light independent reactions take place ( 1 mark)

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b) State the importance of light dependent photosynthetic reactions for ;

i) Animals ( 1marks)

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ii) light independent photosynthetic phase ( 2 marks)

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4. Samuel observed the image of an onion epidermal cell with a diameter of 300 micrometres under a
light microscope using X15 eye piece lens and X40 objective lens. Determine actual diameter of the
onion cell ( 3 marks )

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5. State one structural and one functional difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic
reticulum ( 2 marks )

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6.a) Name an enzyme that is important in the transport function of red blood cells ( 1 mark)

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b) State two forms through which carbon (iv) oxide is transported in the body ( 2 marks )

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[Link] placed little maize flour in a boiling tube and heat it for 6 minutes as shown below

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a) What was the aim of the experiment ( 1 mark )

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b) State the expected results in the lime water ( 1 mark )

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c)Explain the significance of the human body continuously expelling the investigated gas ( 1mark)

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[Link] an experiment ,substance Q was mixed with iodine solution and it gave a blue black color. Q was
then maintained in a solution containing enzyme K for 15 minutes at 37 degrees celcius and formed
substance J which when boiled with reagent Z gave a brick red colour.

a) Give the identity of the following: ( 2 marks )

i) Enzyme K

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II) Reagent Z

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bi) Name one property of J ( 1 mark )

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II) Why was the temperature maintained at 37 ( 1 mark)

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c) Account for the color to be observed when substance Q is reacted with enzyme K in the precense of
dilute hydrochloric acid and reagent z added ( 2 marks)

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9.

a) Identify the process shown above ( 1 mark )

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b) Which human white blood cell is capable of the activity named above ( 1 mark )

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c) Which other way does the white blood cells fight pathogens in addition to the method above (1mark)

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10.a) State the circulatory system found in members class insecta ( 1 mark)

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b) Name the blood vessel that transports blood from:

i) Small intestines to the liver ( 1 mark )

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ii) Lungs to the heart ( 1 mark )

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[Link] two enzymes that are secreted in their precursor form ( 2 marks)

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12.

The above equation shows an oxidation reaction of food substances

a) What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient ( 1 mark )

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b) Determine respiratory quotient of the above oxidation of food substance ( 2 mark )

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c)Identify the food substrate under oxidation ( 1 mark)

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[Link] organelles would be numerous in the following cells:

a) Liver cell ( 1 mark )

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b) Palisade cell ( 1 mark )

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14. Name the organelles that perform each of the following in a cell: ( 4 marks )

a) Synthesis of proteins

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b) Transport cell secretions

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c) Destroy worn out and old organelles

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d) Package and transport glycoproteins

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[Link] diagram below represents a transverse section of a plant organ

a) From which plant organ was the section above obtained ( 1 mark )

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b) Give two reasons for your answer in a) above ( 2 marks )

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c) Name the parts labelled J,K and L and state their functions ( 6 marks )

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16.A student set up an experiment using soaked and dry seeds as shown below

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a) State the objective of this experiment ( 1 mark)

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b)Suggest why vacuum flasks were used in the set up ( 1 mark)

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c)Why should the seeds be washed with formalin ( 1 mark)

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d) What alterations would you make in the set up so as to realise more reliable results ( 1 mark)

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SECTION C

Attempt one essay from the following.

17a) Discuss the blood clotting process ( 10 marks )

b) Describe allergic reactions and how they can be prevented ( 10 marks)

[Link] the composition of the mammalian blood ( 20 marks )

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THE END