Tutorial 4: Integrals and Differential Equations

Exercise1:
Find the primitive of the function defined by
𝑥𝑥
𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) =
√1 + 𝑥𝑥 2
and which is equal zero at 𝑥𝑥 = −1.

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Exercise2:

Determine the derivative of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 and conclude the

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primitives of
2
�𝑥𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 �
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 ) =
√1 + 𝑥𝑥 2
Exercise 3:
KE
If 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 )′ = sin(3𝑥𝑥 ) + 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑓𝑓(1) = 0.751. Calculate 𝑓𝑓 (4).

Exercise 4: Compute each of the following definite integrals

𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 < 0
∫−1 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , where 𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥 ) = �
sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0
ni

8 0 3
� 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3
� 7 √𝑧𝑧𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � (2 − cos 𝑥𝑥 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋
−5 −2 0
ou

1 𝑁𝑁 5 −1 1
𝑡𝑡
lim � 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑁𝑁→∞ 1 𝑥𝑥 1 4 + 𝑡𝑡 2 −2 3 − 𝑠𝑠
𝜋𝜋 𝑒𝑒
1 3 1
M

2 2 2
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� (𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � (𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � sin 2𝜃𝜃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 1 2 𝑥𝑥 (ln 𝑥𝑥 )2
0

1 1 ln 8 2
� 𝑥𝑥 −𝑥𝑥 )
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � (𝑒𝑒 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � sinh 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 1 + 𝑥𝑥 0 1

1
 2 1
3 4
−1 𝑥𝑥 3
� 4𝑥𝑥 �𝑥𝑥 − � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
5 2 1 (𝑥𝑥 4 + 6)2

Exercise 5: Integration by parts

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Exercise 6: Integration by substitution KE
ra

Exercise 7: Solve the following indefinite integrals using the partial fractions
ni

decomposition technique
ou

𝑥𝑥 + 4 1 6𝑥𝑥 + 7
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑,
𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥 (5𝑥𝑥 − 6)2 (𝑥𝑥 + 2)2

1 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 1 2𝑥𝑥 + 5
M

� 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , � 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Exercise 8: Solve the following Differential Equations

2
 3) 𝑦𝑦 " − 3𝑦𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥
4) 𝑦𝑦 " + 4𝑦𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 −2𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 2)

Important.

This tutorial does not cover all cases of second-order linear differential
equations due to time constraints. I encourage you to review your lecture notes

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carefully.

Table 1 Elementary Primitives (Indefinite Integrals)

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𝟏𝟏
∫ 𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝒏𝒏+𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏+𝟏𝟏 + 𝒄𝒄 , (𝒏𝒏 ≠ −𝟏𝟏) 𝟏𝟏
� 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙
� 𝒆𝒆𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝒆𝒆𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
KE �
𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 � � + 𝒄𝒄
𝐚𝐚 𝒂𝒂
𝟏𝟏 1
� 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥|𝒙𝒙| + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
𝒙𝒙 √1 − 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 1
� 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟐𝟐√𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
ra

√𝒙𝒙 √1 − 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
−1
� 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = −𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
ni

√1 − 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏
� 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
ou

𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙 − 𝒂𝒂
� 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 � � + 𝒄𝒄
𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂
M

𝟏𝟏
� 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
√𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐
= 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 �𝒙𝒙 + �𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 � + 𝒄𝒄
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙
� 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 � � + 𝐜𝐜
𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 √𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝒂

3
Table 2 Elementary Primitives (Indefinite Integrals)

Function 𝒇𝒇 Primitive 𝑭𝑭
𝒂𝒂𝒖𝒖′ 𝒖𝒖 + 𝒄𝒄
𝒖𝒖′ + 𝒗𝒗′ 𝒖𝒖 + 𝒗𝒗 + 𝒄𝒄

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𝒖𝒖′ 𝒗𝒗 + 𝒗𝒗′ 𝒖𝒖 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 + 𝒄𝒄
𝒖𝒖′ 𝒖𝒖 𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐
+ 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐

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𝒖𝒖′ 𝒖𝒖𝒏𝒏 , (𝒏𝒏 ∈ ℕ∗ ) 𝒖𝒖𝒏𝒏+𝟏𝟏
+ 𝒄𝒄
𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏
𝒖𝒖′ 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥|𝒖𝒖| + 𝒄𝒄
𝒖𝒖
KE
𝒖𝒖′ 𝟏𝟏
− + 𝒄𝒄
𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐 𝒖𝒖
𝒖𝒖′ −𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
, (𝒏𝒏 ∈ ℕ∗ ) × 𝒏𝒏 + 𝒄𝒄
𝒖𝒖𝒏𝒏+𝟏𝟏
𝒏𝒏 𝒖𝒖
ra

𝒖𝒖′ 𝟐𝟐√𝒖𝒖 + 𝒄𝒄
√𝒖𝒖
ni

𝒖𝒖′ 𝒗𝒗 + 𝒗𝒗′ 𝒖𝒖 𝒖𝒖
+ 𝒄𝒄
𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 𝒗𝒗
ou

𝒖𝒖′ 𝒆𝒆𝒖𝒖 𝒆𝒆𝒖𝒖 + 𝒄𝒄