Strut and Tie
Model
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
1- Concept of Strut-and-Tie Model (ACI318-14)
The Strut-and-Tie Method (STM) is a tool for design and
detailing of structural concrete members. The idea of the strut-and-tie
method originated from the truss analogy method. The design basis
of this method is a truss model which idealizes the flow of force in a
cracked concrete beam. STM is based on the fact that concrete is
strong in compression and steel is strong in tension. Truss members
that are in compression are made up of concrete, while truss
members that are in tension consist of steel reinforcement.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
REGIONS IN THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
St. Venant’s Principle states
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Disturbance extends over a length equal to the largest dimension
of the cross section area
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
(Prof. Clipii T.)
The member is assumed to be composed of:
Struts: Members that can carry compression (concrete)
Ties: Members that can carry tension (reinforcement)
Nodes: Junction of struts and ties.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Assumptions:
-Failure occurs by yielding of one or more ties
-Crushing should not occur prior to yielding
-Struts and ties carry axial forces
-External loads are applied at the nodes
-No anchorage failure
STM in ACI 318
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Deep beams in a framed tube system for
multi-storied buildings
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Continuous deep beams as transfer girders in framed buildings
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Single-span deep beam being used as a transfer girder
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Three-span (continuous) deep beam being used as a transfer girder
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Description of Deep Beams from ACI
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Strut Types
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
𝛽𝑠 Factors
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Reinforcement in Struts
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Ties
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
If, using wt, stress on the nodal zone exceeds
stress limit of the nodal zone
Nominal strength of the tie
•At nodal zones anchoring one or more ties, the force in
each tie must be developed at the point where the
centroid of the reinforcement in the ties leaves the
extended nodal zone and enters the span.
•When a tie passes through a nodal zone, the nodal zone
must develop the difference between the tie force on one
side of the node and the ties force on the other side.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Nodal Zone
•A nodal zone is the volume of concrete around a node that is
assumed to transfer strut and tie force through the node
•Hydrostatic nodal zone is one that has loaded faces
perpendicular to the axis of the struts and ties and has equal
stressed on each face (not a design requirement).
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Where to check stresses? All three faces!
b. Distributed steel
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Strut and Tie model of Deep Beam without
shear reinforcement
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
Advanced concrete structures Chhom Amnoth, Ph.D.
