Mathematics IV (BAS 403) Even Semester (2024-25)

Practice Sheet
Module 3 (Statistical Techniques – I)

Measures of central tendency

1. Compute the arithmetic mean for the following data

Height (in cm): 219 216 213 210 207 204 201 198 195

No of persons: 2 4 6 10 11 7 5 4 1

2. Calculate the arithmetic average in Rs from the table given below

Monthly Avg in Rs: 100 150 200 250 300 500

No of workers: 330 20 15 10 4 1

3. calculate the mean for the following

Age of students: 5-7 8-10 11-13 14-16 17-19

No of students: 7 12 19 10 2

4. find the average marks of students from the following table

Marks (below): 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

No of students: 15 5 60 84 96 127 128 250

5. Calculate the missing frequency from the following data

No of tablets: 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28 28-32 32-36 36-40

No of persons: 11 13 16 14 ? 9 17 6 4

The average no of tablets to cure fever was 19.9.

6. Show that the algebraic sum of the deviations from arithmetic average is always zero.
7. Show that the sum squares of the deviations of all variates taken about their mean
is minimum.
8. Find the median from the following table
x: 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

f: 1 2 7 9 11 8 5 4

9. Find median from the following table

Marks: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

No of students: 2 18 30 45 35 20 6 3

10. An incomplete frequency distribution is given as follows

x: 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

f: 12 30 ? 65 ? 25 18 Total = 229

Given that median is 46, determine the missing terms using median formula.

11. The average height of a group of 25 children was calculated to be 78.4cm. It was
checked that one value was misread as 69cm instead of the correct value 96cm.
Calculate the correct average.

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 12. Find the mode of the following
Marks: 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45

No of students: 7 10 16 32 24 18 10 5 1

13. Calculate median, lower and upper quartiles, 3 rd decile and 60th percentile from the
following data
Class: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Frequency: 5 8 7 12 28 20 10 10

14. The mean of 200 items was 50. Later on it was discovered that two items were
misread as 92 and 8 instead of 192 and 88. Find the correct mean.

Ans: 1. 207.54cm, 2. 165Rs, 3.11.28, 4.50.4, 5. 9.05, 8. 13, 9. 36.6, 10. 34, 45, 11.
79.48cm, 12. 18.83, 13. 46.43, 34.17, 57.5, 38.3, 50, 14. 50.9

Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis

1. Calculate the variance, third and fourth central moment (moment about mean) for the
following data
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f: 1 9 26 59 72 52 29 7 1
2. The first four moment about the value 4 of a variable are -1.5, 17, -30 and 108. Find
the moment about mean, origin,  1 and  2 . Find also the moment about the point
x=2.
3. Define skewness, kurtosis, coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of a frequency
distribution.
4. In a certain distribution, the first four moment about the point 5 are -0.55, 4.46, and
-0.43. Find coefficient of skewness.
5. The first four moments about the working mean 28.5 of a distribution are 0.294,
7.114, 42.409 and 454.98. Calculate the moments about mean. Also evaluate  1 and
 2 and comment upon the skewness and kurtosis of the distribution.
6. Discuss the kurtosis of the following distribution
Marks: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
No. of students: 8 12 20 30 15 10 5
7. (a) Calculate the first four central moments about the mean of the following data :

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
7 (b). The first four moment of a distribution about the value 5 of the variable are 2, 20, 40 and 50.
Calculate the moments about the mean and comment upon the skewness and kurtosis of the
distribution.

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Curve fitting (least square method)

8. Define least square method and find the normal equation for fitting a straight line.
Finally differentiate between interpolation and curve fitting.
9. Use method of least square to fit a straight line to the following data
x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 2 4 6 8 10
10. If P is the pull required to lift a load W by means of a pulley block, find the linear law
of the form P=mW+c connecting P and W, using the data
P: 12 15 21 25
W: 50 70 100 120
Hence find the pull to lift a weight of 80 unit.

11. Find the normal equations for best fit in least square sense for the following curves
(i) y = ax + b/x ii) y = co/x + c1 x
12. Obtain the least square fit of the form f(t)= a e-3t + b e-2t for the data
t: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
f(t): 0.76 0.58 0.44 0.35
13. By the method of least square, find the curve y = ax + bx2 that best fits the following
data
x: 1 2 3 4 5
y: 1.8 5.1 8.9 14.1 19.8
14. The pressure of the gas corresponding to various volumes V is measured, given by the
following data
V(cm3): 50 60 70 90 100
P(kg cm-3): 64.7 51.3 40.5 25.9 78

Fit the data to the equation PV =C.

15. Use the method of least square to fit the curve : y = co/x + c1 x to the following values
x: 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 1 2
y: 21 11 7 6 5 6
16. A) Fit a second degree parabola to the following data by least square method:
x: 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937

y: 352 356 357 358 360 361 361 360 359

16.B) Fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 for the the following data

x: 2 4 6 8 10
y: 4.077 11.084 30.128 81.128 222.62

Answers

(1). variance=1.97975,  3 =0.0178997 (2).  2 =14.75,  3 =39.75,  4 =142.312

(4) 0.7781 (6)  2 =7.0576,  3 =36.1588,  4 =408.7896, positively skewed, leptokurtic
(7a) μ2 = 2, μ3 = 0, μ4 = 11 (7b) y = 2x (7b) 𝜇1 = 0 𝜇2 = 16 𝜇3 = −64 𝜇4 = 162 𝛽2 = 0.6328 Negative
Skewed and platykurtic. (10) P=2.2759+0.1879W (12) f(t)= 0.6778 e-3t + 0.3121 e-2t
(13) y = 1.52 x + 0.49 x (14) PV
2 0.28997 =167.78765 (16A) y = - 0.27x2 +1044.67 x – 1010135.08
(16B) 𝑦 = 1.49989𝑒 0.50001𝑥

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Correlation and Regression Analysis

17. A sample of 5 items was taken from the output of a firm. Lengths and weights of all
the items are as under. Is there any correlation between these two
Length (in meter) 3 4 6 7 10
Weight(in kg.) 9 11 14 15 16
[Ans. r = 0.9393]

18. To study the relationship between ‘aptitude test scores’ and ‘productivity’ resulting
after three months training of workers in a factory, a survey was conducted by a
researcher, who had taken a sample of 9
Workers Aptitude test(X): 1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8
Productivity(Y): 9 10 11 14 15 8 12 13 16
Calculate the coefficient of correlation between aptitude scores and productivity and give
your deductions. [Ans. r =0.95, there is a very high degree of correlation]

20. To study the relationship between ‘aptitude test scores’ and ‘productivity’ resulting after
three months training of workers in a factory, a survey was conducted by a researcher, who
had taken a sample of 9 workers as

Aptitude test(X): 1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6
Productivity(Y): 9 10 11 14 15 8 12 13
Calculate the coefficient of correlation between aptitude scores and productivity and give your
deductions.
[Ans. r =0.95, there is a very high degree of correlation]

21. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following data relating the
height of fathers and their sons in inches

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Father 68 68 69 72 65 59 62 67 61 71
Son 65 64 67 69 64 60 56 68 60 64
What conclusion do you draw from this value of coefficient of correlation?
[Ans. r = 0.8956, it can be considered as high level of positive correlation between heights of
fathers and sons]
22. Calculate the coefficient of rank correlation for the following data ([Ans. R= 0.721])

Marks in History: 48 33 40 9 18 14 67 24 19 65
Marks in Economics: 12 13 29 6 15 4 20 9 5 19
23. Obtain the coefficient of rank correlation for the following data ([Ans: R=0.545])

x: 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
y: 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70
24. Two line of regression are given below. Find out, the mean of x and y series, standard
deviation of y, coefficient of correlation

8x - 10y + 70 = 0, 20x - 9y – 65 = 0. Where variance of x is given as 9.

[Ans. x = 10 , y = 15 ,  y = 1.35 , r = 0.36 ]

25. Given the regression lines as 3x+2y=26 and 6x+y=31. Find their point of intersection and
interpret it. Also find coefficient of correlation between x and y.
26. Find both the regression equations and hence y for x=9, from the following data

 x = 30 ,  y = 30 ,  xy = 192 ,  x 2
= 190 ,  y 2 = 190 , N = 5.

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27. Obtain a regression plane by using multiple linear regression to fit the data given below:

x 1 2 3 4

z 0 1 2 3

y 12 18 24 30

Ans: y=10+2x+4z

28. Find the multiple linear regression of x1 on X2 and X3 from the following data relating
to three variables

X1: 7 12 17 20
X2: 4 7 9 12 Ans: X1=0.6441+1.661X2+0.0169X3
X3: 1 2 5 8

29. Fit a parabolic curve of regression of y on x to the following data:

x 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

y 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.4 4.1
Ans: y = 1.035 – 0.192x + 0.2428x2
30. From the following data, determine the equations of line of regression of y on x and x on y.

X 6 2 10 4 8
y 9 11 5 8 7
Ans. y = -0.65x + 11.9, x = -1.3y + 16.4
31. The Regression equations calculated from a given set of observations for two random variables
are 𝑥 = −0.4𝑦 + 6.4 and 𝑦 = −0.6𝑥 + 4.6
Calculate (i) 𝑥̅ (ii) 𝑦̅ (iii) 𝑟
Ans: (i) 𝑥̅ = 6 (ii) 𝑦̅ = 1 (iii) 𝑟 = −0.48989

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