Basic Electrical Technology

TUTORIAL 1 - DC CIRCUITS
N E T W O R K R E D U C T I O N | N E T W O R K A N A LY S I S | N E T W O R K T H E O R E M S

Solutions & Animations By: Vedavyasa Kamath

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 1

Problem 1: Source Conversion
In the circuit shown, find the current through 8 Ω resistor by source transformation method.

Ans: 150 mA

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 2

 3𝑉 5𝑉

2Ω 4Ω 8Ω
5𝐴 2𝐴 1𝐴

2Ω
3𝑉 5𝑉 9𝑉 5𝑉 5𝑉

2.25 𝐴
2Ω 4Ω 8Ω 4Ω 8Ω 4Ω 4Ω 8Ω
3𝐴 1𝐴 1𝐴 1𝐴

2Ω 5𝑉 4Ω
5𝑉
6.5 𝑉
3.25 𝐴 𝟔. 𝟓 − 𝟓
2Ω 8Ω 8Ω 𝑰𝟖𝜴 = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 𝑨
𝟖+𝟐
2Ω
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Self-Practice 1: Source Conversion
Find the voltage across 12 Ω resistor ( labeled Vx) by the source transformation method.

Ans: – 48 V

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 4

Problem 2: Star-Delta Transformation
Determine the equivalent resistance across terminals A & B.

Ans: 4.23 Ω

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 5

 12.6 Ω 12.6 Ω 14 Ω

21 Ω 21 Ω 11.2 Ω

10.5 Ω 10.5 Ω 14 Ω

𝑨 Rca Rab

126
Ω C B
19 Rbc
168
Ω
23
24
Ω
7
𝑹𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟑𝟏𝟕 𝜴
𝑩

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 6

Self-Practice 2: Star-Delta Transformation
Calculate the equivalent resistance across the terminals A and N of the given network.

Ans: R AN = 1.4741 Ω

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 7

Problem 3: Mesh Current Analysis
Find the power dissipated in 8 Ω resistor using mesh current analysis in the circuit shown.

15 Ω

12 Ω 10 Ω 10 𝑉

10 𝐴 5Ω 8Ω 2Ω 5𝐴

Ans: 13.47 W

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 15 Ω

𝒊𝟑
12 Ω 10 Ω 10 𝑉

50 𝑉 10 𝑉
𝒊𝟏 8Ω 𝒊𝟐
5Ω 2Ω

25 −8 −12 50 𝑖1 = 3.2608 𝐴
𝑖2 = 1.9633 𝐴
−8 20 −10 0 𝑖3 = 1.3179 𝐴
−12 −10 37 −10
𝐼8Ω = 𝑖1 − 𝑖2 = 1.2975 𝐴

𝑷𝟖𝜴 = 𝑰𝟐𝟖𝜴 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝑾

ELE 1071 9
Self-Practice 3: Mesh Current Analysis
Find the power supplied by 8 V and 4 A sources in the circuit.
Hint: Supermesh

Ans:

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 10

Problem 4: Node Voltage Analysis
Find the current through 40 V battery. Is the battery charging or discharging?

Ans: 4.19 A, Discharging

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 11

 30 Ω

𝑽𝟏 20 Ω 𝑽𝟐 40 𝑉

1𝐴 10 Ω 40 Ω
5𝐴 0.5𝐴

𝑽𝟑
𝑉2 = 40 𝑉
𝑽𝟏 20 Ω 𝑽𝟐 𝑰 𝒙 40 𝑉
𝑉1 − 𝑉2 𝑉1 − 𝑉3 𝑉1 0.8064 + 𝐼𝑥 = 5
+ + −1=0
20 10 30 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟒 𝑨
𝑰𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔 𝑨
𝑉3 − 𝑉1 𝑉3 𝑉1 − 𝑉2
+ − 5 + 1 + 0.5 = 0 = 0.8064 𝐴 5𝐴 40 V battery is discharging
10 40 20
𝑉1 = 56.1290 𝑉
𝑉3 = 72.9032 𝑉 12
Self-Practice 4: Node Voltage Analysis
Find the voltage of all nodes using node voltage analysis.

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Problem 5: Superposition Principle
Using the principle of superposition, find the current I2 through 12 kΩ resistor.

Ans:
Due to source I: 2 mA
Due to source 9 V: 0.5 mA
Total: 2.5 mA

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 14

 𝐼2 = 𝐼2 ȁ 6 𝑚𝐴 + 𝐼2 ȁ 9 𝑉
𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝑨 + 𝟐 𝒎𝑨 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝑨

Response 𝐼2 due to 6 𝑚𝐴 current source,

𝑰𝟐 Response 𝐼2 due to 9 𝑉 voltage source,

6 𝑘Ω 12 𝑘Ω
6 𝑘Ω 14 𝑘Ω
9𝑉 𝑰𝟐
6 𝑚𝐴
12 𝑘Ω 35 𝑘Ω
14 𝑘Ω 35 𝑘Ω
9
𝐼2 ȁ 9 𝑉 = 3
= 0.5 𝑚𝐴
6 × 10−3 × 6 × 103 18 × 10
𝐼2 ȁ 6 𝑚𝐴 = 3
= 2 𝑚𝐴
ELE 1071
18 × 10
Self-Practice 5: Superposition Principle
Find the current I using superposition theorem.

Ans:
Due to source 24 V: - 1 A
Due to source 12 V: 2 A
Due to source 3 A: 1 A
Total: 2 A

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 16

Problem 6: Thevenin’s & MPTT
In the circuit shown, find the maximum power transferred to the resistor R.

Ans: 3.025 W

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 To find 𝑅𝑡ℎ , 3Ω

5Ω

𝑅𝑡ℎ 5Ω

To find 𝑉𝑡ℎ across load resistance 𝑅,

3Ω 𝑹𝒕𝒉 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝛀

5Ω 𝒊𝟐

6𝑉 Applying KVL, Maximum power transferred to

5𝑉 5Ω load resistor ‘𝑅’ will be,
𝒊𝟏 𝑉𝑡ℎ 5 − 5 2.1 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ = 0
𝑽𝟐𝒕𝒉 𝟓. 𝟓𝟐
10 𝑉 𝑽𝒕𝒉 = −𝟓. 𝟓 𝑽 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝑾
𝟒𝑹𝒕𝒉 𝟒 × 𝟐. 𝟓

5 − 5 𝑖1 + 6 − 5 𝑖1 + 10 = 0 𝒊𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟏 𝐀
−3𝑖2 − 6 = 0 𝒊𝟐 = −𝟐 𝐀
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Self-Practice 6: Thevenin’s and MPTT
Determine the value of the load resistance to be connected across terminals A & B such that
maximum power is transferred to it. Also, find the maximum power transferred.

Ans: 2.923 Ω and 0.9098 W

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 19

Miscellaneous 1
Two purely resistive incandescent bulbs have the following ratings:
Bulb 1: 120 V, 60 W Bulb 2: 240 V, 480 W
a) Both of them are connected in series across a voltage source.
i. Which bulb will glow brighter and why?
ii. What is the maximum voltage that can be applied so that none of the bulbs fuse?
b) Now both of them are connected in parallel across a voltage source.
i. Which bulb will glow brighter and why?
ii. What is the maximum voltage that can be applied so that none of the bulbs fuse?

Ans: (a) – (i) Bulb 1 will glow brighter as P1 > P2, (ii) Max. voltage = 180 V
(b) – (i) Bulb 2 will glow brighter as P2 > P1, (ii) Max. voltage = 120 V

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Miscellaneous 2
Find Va using nodal analysis and verify using mesh analysis

Ans: - 25 V

ELE 1071 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, MIT MANIPAL 21