PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai

A Christian Minority Institution
(JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST)
Approved by All India Council of Technical Education
Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram,Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.

Department of Humanities and Science

Academic Year :2023-2024 Year / Semester :I/II
Name of the Subject:Transforms and Vector Calculus Subject Code : 23MA1203
(Common to AI&DS and AIML)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
UNIT- I VECTOR CALCULUS
PART A
1. Find the directional derivative of 𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧 2 at (1, −2, −1) in the direction of
⃗⃗ .
2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ − 2𝑘
2. Find unit normal vector to the surface ∅ = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 at the point (1,-2,5).
3. Determine ‘a’ such that 𝐹⃗ = (3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (4𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗+(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘 ⃗⃗ is solenoidal.
⃗⃗ is irrotational vector.
4. Show that a vector field 𝐹⃗ = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 )𝑖⃗ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘
5. Find the constant a,b,c such that 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧)𝑖⃗ + (𝑏𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑗⃗+(4𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑧)𝑘 ⃗⃗ is
irrotational.

PART B
1. Verify Green’s theorem for  (3x − 8 y )dx + (4 y − 6 xy)dy , where C is the boundary of the
2

region given by x = 0, y = 0, x + y = 1 .
2. Verify Green’s theorem for  ( xy + y
2
)dx + x 2 dy , where C is the closed region bounded by
C

y = x, y = x .
2

⃗⃗ over the cube bounded by

3. Verify Gauss divergence theorem for 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧 𝑖⃗ − 𝑦 2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘
x = 0, x = 1, y = 0, y = 1, z = 0, z = 1 .
⃗⃗ taken over the cube
4. Verify Gauss divergence theorem for 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 3 )𝑖⃗ + (𝑦 3 )𝑗⃗ + (𝑧 3 )𝑘
bounded by x = 0, x = a, y = 0, y = a, z = 0, z = a .
⃗ 2 2
5. Verify Stoke’s theorem, 𝐹 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑖⃗ − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗⃗, taken around the rectangular region
bounded by the lines x =  a, y = 0, y = b .

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 PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai
A Christian Minority Institution
(JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST)
Approved by All India Council of Technical Education
Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram,Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.

Department of Humanities and Science

Academic Year :2023-2024 Year / Semester : I/II
Name of the Subject: Transforms and Vector Calculus Subject Code : 23MA1203

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
UNIT II FOURIER SERIES
PART A

1. State Dirichlet’s conditions for a given function to expand in Fourier series.

Sol:- A function f (x ) defined in c  x  c + 2 l can be expanded as an infinite trigonometric

a 
 n  
 n 
series of the form 0 +  a n cos   x +  bn sin   x provided
2 n =1  l  n =1  l 
(i). f (x ) is single-valued and finite in ( c , c + 2 l )
(ii). f (x ) is continuous or piecewise continuous with finite number of finite discontinuities
in ( c , c + 2 l ) .
(iii). f (x ) has no or finite number of maxima or minima in ( c , c + 2 l ) .

2. Does f(x) = tan x posses a Fourier series? Justify your answer.

Sol:- For a function f(x) to have Fourier series expansion it must satisfy all the Drichlet’s
conditions. But f(x) = tan x has value ∞ at x = π / 2 and so it is a discontinuous point and moreover
it is an infinite discontinuity. So, it doesn’t have a Fourier series expansion.

3. State the Parseval’s identity for Fourier series.

Sol:-
b

  f ( x) 
2
2
dx
+  ( an2 + bn2 ) =
a 1 0 a
General :
4 2 b−a

4. Define root mean square value of a function f (x ) over the interval ( a , b ) .

Sol:- The root mean square value of a function f (x ) over the interval ( a , b ) is given by
b
  f (x )
1 2dx
y=
b−a
a
5. Find the root mean square value of the function f (x ) = x in the interval ( 0 , l )
Sol:-
The root mean square value of f (x ) = x in ( 0 , l ) is given by
l
l  x3  1 l 3  l2
 x
1 2dx = 1
y=   =  − 0 =
l −0 l  3  l 3  3
0 0 

PART B

1. Find the Fourier series expansion of f ( x) = x 2 , 0  x  2 . Hence deduce that

1 1 1 2 .
+ + + ....... =
12 2 2 32 6

2. Find the Fourier sine series for f ( x) = x in 0  x   ,

2 1 1
Use Parseval’s identity, to show that = 1+ + + ......
6 22 32

3. Find the half range cosine series of f ( x) = x in (0,  ) .

2

4. Find the Fourier series up to third harmonic to represent the function given by the following
discrete data:
 2 4 5
x 0  2
3 3 3 3

y 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0

5. Find the first fundamental harmonic of the Fourier series of f ( x ) given by the following
table:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f ( x) 9 18 24 28 26 20

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 PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai
A Christian Minority Institution
(JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST)
Approved by All India Council of Technical Education
Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram,Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.

Department of Humanities and Science

Academic
:2023-2024 Year / Semester : I/II
Year
Name of the Subject: Transforms and Vector Calculus Subject Code : 23MA1203

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
UNIT III FOURIER TRANSFORMS
PART A

1. State Fourier integral theorem.

Solution: If f (x ) is piecewise continuously differentiable in ( −  , ) and absolutely integrable
   
is ( x − t )
in ( −  , ) ,then f ( x ) =   f (t )e dt ds (or) f ( x ) =   f (t )cos s (x − t )dt ds .
1 1
2 −−
 0 −

2. Write the Fourier transform pair.

Solution: The Fourier transform pair is

F (s ) = F  f (x ) =  f (x ) e
1 isx
dx and
2 −

f (x ) = F − 1 F (s )=  F (s )e
1 −i s x
ds
2 −

3. Write down the Fourier cosine transform pair.

Solution: Fourier cosine transform pair is
 
FC  f (x ) = FC (s ) = f (x ) cos sx dx and f (x ) = FC (F (s )) =  F (s )cos sx ds
2 2

−1

 
C
0 0

4. Write down the Fourier sine transform pair.

Solution:
 1
5. Find the Fourier sine transform of .
x

1 2 1
Solution: FS   =
x  
0
x
sin sx dx

put sx =  when x = 0 ,  = 0

 x= when x =  , = 
2 1 d s
=
    sin 
s d
0
  dx =
s s

2 s sin 
=
 
0
s
d

2

sin 2  
=  d = = .
 0
  2 2

UNIT III FOURIER TRANSFORMS

PART B
a − x for x  a
1. Find the Fourier transform of f (x ) given by f (x ) =  . Hence show that
0 for x  a  0
 
 
2 4
 sin t  and  sin t 
 
0
 dt =
t  2  
0
.  dt =
t  3

a 2 − x 2 ; x  a
2. Find the Fourier transform of f ( x) =  . Hence deduce that
0 ; x a0
 2

sin t − t cos t   sin t − t cost  
0 t 3
dt = and
4 0  t 3  dt = 15
x2 s2
− −
2 2
3. Show that the Fourier transform of e is e . (OR)

x2
−
2
Show that e is self-reciprocal with respect to Fourier transform.

4. Using Parseval’s identity, evaluate the following integrals

 
dx x 2 dx
(i)  2 2 2 2 (ii)  2 2 2 2
0
( x + a )( x + b ) 0
( x + a )( x + b )

5. Using Parseval’s identity, evaluate the following integrals

 
dx x 2 dx
(i)  2 2 2 and (ii)  2 2 2
0
(x + a ) 0
(x + a )

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 PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai
A Christian Minority Institution
(JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST)
Approved by All India Council of Technical Education
Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram,Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.

Department of Humanities and Science

Academic Year :2023-2024 Year / Semester :I/II
Name of the Subject: Transforms and Vector Calculus Subject Code : 23MA1203
(Common to AI&DS and AIML)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
UNIT- IV LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
PART A
1. State the conditions under which the Laplace transform of f (t ) exist.
2. Find 𝐿[𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡]
 cos at 
3. Does L  exist?
 t 
4. State Initial and Final value theorems.
5. Find the Laplace transform of unit step function.
PART B

1. Find the Laplace transform of the square wave function 𝑓(𝑡) given by
𝐾 , 0≤𝑡≤𝑎
𝑓(𝑡) = { and 𝑓(𝑡 + 2𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑡)
−𝐾, 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝑎
t 0ta
2. Find the Laplace transform of the triangular wave function f (t ) =  with
 2 a − t a  t  2a

f(t) = f(t + 2a).

3. Verify Initial and Final value theorem for f(t) = 1 + e−t (sin t + cos t)
 s 
4. Find L−1  2  using convolution theorem.
 (s + a )(s + b ) 
2 2 2 

−1 s2
5. Using convolution theorem, find𝐿 [ ]
(𝑠2 +𝑎2 )(𝑠2 +𝑏2 )

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 PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna university, Chennai
A Christian Minority Institution
(JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST)
Approved by All India Council of Technical Education
Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram,Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.

Department of Humanities and Science

Academic Year :2023-2024 Year / Semester :I/II
Name of the Subject: Transforms and Vector Calculus Subject Code : 23MA1203
(Common to AI&DS and AIML)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
UNIT- IV Z TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATION
PART A
1. Define Z-transform of the sequence  f (n )
Solution: Let  f (n ) be a sequence defined for n = 0 ,  1,  2 ,......... ... , then the two-sided Z-
transform of the sequence f (n) is defined as

Z  f (n ) = F z  =  f (n ) z −n
, where z is a complex variable.
n=−

If  f (n) is a casual sequence, then the z-transform reduces to one-sided Z-transform and its

defined as Z  f (n ) = F z  =  f (n ) z −n
.
n=0

2. Find Z n .
 
Z n =
n
Solution:  n z−n =
n=0
z
n=0
n

1 2 3
= 0 + + 2 + 3 + .......... ...
z z z

 1 
2
1 2 3 1 1
= 1 + + 2 + ..........  = 1 + 2   + 3   + ......... 
z z z  z  z z 
−2 −2
1  1 1  z − 1 1 z2 z
= 1− = = . =
z  z  z  z  z ( z − 1) 2
(z −1)2
3. Find the Z-transform of the function f (n ) =
1
n
 
1  1 −n 1
Z =
n 

n=0 n
z = nz
n =1
n
Solution:
2 3
1 1 1
1 1 1      
= + 2 + 3 + .......... ... =  z  +  z  +  z  + .......... .
z 2z 3z 1 2 3
 −1
 1  z −1   z −1   z 
= − log 1 −  = − log   = log   = log  
 z  z   z   z −1

4. Find the Z-transform of 2n

5. Form the difference equation generated by yn = a + b 2 n .

Solution:
Given yn = a + b 2 n --------------------(1)
y n +1 = a + b 2 n +1 = a + b 2 n 2
y n + 1 = a + 2 b 2 n ---------------(2)
yn + 2 = a + b 2 n + 2 = a + b 2 n 4
y n + 2 = a + 4 b 2 n ---------------(3)
Eliminating a and b from (1) , (2) and (3) , we have
yn 1 1
yn +1 1 2 =0
yn + 2 1 4
yn (4 − 2) − yn +1 (4 −1) + yn + 2 (2 −1) = 0
2 y n − 3 y n +1 + y n + 2 = 0
y n + 2 − 3 y n +1 + 2 yn = 0

PART B

1. Find the Z-transform of r n cos n  and r n sin n (OR)

Find the Z-transforms of a n cos n and a n sin n
8z 2
2. Using convolution theorem, find the inverse z transform of (2 z − 1)(4 z − 1)
 
 z 2 
−1  
(OR) Using convolution theorem, find Z
 1  1 
  z − 2   z − 4  
 

 z2 
3. Using convolution theorem, find inverse Z-transform of  .
 ( z − 1)( z − 3) 
4. Using Z-transform method solve the difference equation y n + 2 + y n = 2 given that
y 0 = y1 = 0
5. Solve the difference equation yn+2 + 6 yn+1 + 9 yn = 2 given y0 = y1 = 0 , using Z-transform.
n

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