ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

AND NUTRITION
Topics (Unit I) –

• Introduction To Alternative Systems Of Medicines (Ayurveda,

homeopathy, naturopathy, yoga).

• Features Of Alternative Medicine.

Submitted to : Submitted by :
Dr. Ritu Pradhan Snigdha Agrawal
M.Sc. Food and Nutrition
2nd year, 4th Semester.
Roll no. – 601/22
 INTRODUCTION
▪ Survival is one of the primary motives of life. Preserving life against the over-powering force of physical environment
and predating biological environment has always been a struggle since the dawn of civilization.

▪ All known cultures of the past had their own systems of medicine and health care, from which modern systems of
medicine have originated.

CONCEPT OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

▪ The allopathic system originated in Europe from traditional systems of medicine during the industrial revolution and
spread to all other continents.
▪ Modern medicine has been associated with a scientific understanding of health and disease, public health, and a high
degree of instrumentation and technicality.
▪ However the traditional systems of medicine in many societies did not see any progress and several of them disappeared.
In many other societies such as India, most traditional systems of medicine survived centuries of neglect.
▪ It has now become clear that these traditional systems of medicine can provide alternatives, where the modern system of
medicine is not very successful namely, the degenerative and non-communicable diseases.

▪ These traditional systems of medicine have their principles of understanding and rational basis for practice.
Combination of modern system of medicine and alternative system of medicine as a comprehensive system of medicine
is one of the priorities of the Government of India.

AYURVEDIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

▪ Ayurveda or science of life, is one of the most ancient systems of medicine. It has grown as a body of knowledge along
with the Indian civilization and is about 3500 years old.

DEFINITIONS :

▪ The fundamental and applied principles of Ayurveda have been organized in Atharvaveda (one of the four most ancient
books of Indian knowledge, wisdom, and culture) in the form of 114 hymns or formulations for the treatment and
prevention of diseases.
▪ Making use of systematic observations and documented experiences of the past, it has grown into a very comprehensive
healthcare system in two major schools. The school of physicians is known as 'Atrqa Sampradaya' and the school of
surgeons is referred to as 'Dhanvantri Sampradaya'.
▪ There are two major compilations in Ayurveda-Churka Samhita and Suslzruta Samhita. "Charka Samhita" contains
chapters on therapeutics, internal medicine, 600 drugs of plant, animal and mineral origin and discourses on anatomy,
physiology, etiology, prognosis, pathology of disease.

▪ "Sushruta Samhita" relates to the school of surgery and contains principles of surgery, description on more than 100
surgical instruments, description of operative procedures, 650 drugs and descriptions on anatomy, embryology,
toxicology and therapeutics.

▪ Like all systems of medicine, Ayurveda started as a magico-religious practice. However over the centuries matured into a
fully developed medical science with eight branches which have parallels in the modern western system of medicine.

▪ In the last 50 years of development in the teaching and training, it has developed into following sixteen specialities:
1. Ayurveda Siddhanta (Fundamental Principals of Ayurveda).
2. Ayurveda Sarnhita.
3. Sharira Rachana (Anatomy).
4. Sharira Kriya (Physiology).
5. Dravya Guna Vigyan (Materia, Medica and Pharmacology).
6. Ras-shastra.
7. Bhaishaja Kalpana (Pharmaceuticals).
8. Kaumar Bharitya (Paediatrics).
9. Prasuti Tantra (Obstetrics and Gynaecology).
10. Swasth-Vritla (Social and Preventive Medicine).
11. Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine).
12. Rog Nidan (Pathology).
13. Shalya Tantra (Surgery).
14. Shalkya Tantra (Eye and ENT).
15. Mano-Roga (Psychiatry).
16. Panchakarma.
 CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE IN
AYURVEDA
▪ Ayurveda is the earliest medical science having a positivc concept of health to be achieved through a blending of physical,
mental, social, moral and spiritual welfare.
▪ The philosophy of Ayurveda is based on "punch-mahabhutas" or five great elements (fire, water, air. soil and sky), of which
the body is composed.
▪ Healthy person is one in whom there is equilibrium of the humors ("vatu", "pitta" and "kapha") and body tissues, with
normal digestive as well as excretory functions which are responsible for gratification of physical senses and mental as
well as spiritual forces.
▪ The mental-spiritual forces are described as "Sattva", "Rajas" and "Tamas". Predominance of Sattva characterizes a man of
pure and clear thoughts and ideas.
▪ Dominance of Rajas imply that the person is full of activity and energy. Tamas is the quality indicating that the man is
passive and ignorant.
▪ Absence of this equilibrium between the "pancha-nzahabhutas", humors ("vats", 'Pitta" and "kapha") and the mental-
spiritual forces is the cause of disease in human beings.
 DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASE IN AYURVEDA
▪ Ayurveda postulates that the human organism exists in a balance of elements, imbalance causing disease. Poor nutrition,
excess of body wastes, or disturbance of the circulating fluid and vital organs are the primary causes to which therapy
must be applied, both in preventive and curative fornl.
▪ The diagnosis involves consideration of the whole man. The diagnostic process largely involves two types of examination
of the patient and examination of the disease.
▪ For this, a comprehensive knowledge about the physical, physiological and mental state of the patient is gathered and
systematically recorded, which includes details about the person's temperament, habits, diet and external living conditions.
In addition details about the disease itself is also gathered.
▪ Examination of the patient generally involves one or more of the following:
1) Pulse examination to find out which of the three 'dosha or do,shas7 (humors) have lost equilibrium or balance causing the
person to become sick.
2) Examination of the tongue.
3) Examination of the eye.
4) Examination through auscultation.
5) Examination of tactile stimulation.
6) Examination of part(s) of the body.
7) Examination of urine.
8) Examination of the stool.
▪ The second examination relating to disease concerns with determination of the causative factors, and details of the
pathological as well as clinical conditions for determining treatment.
 TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA
▪ Treatment of the disease generally consists of avoiding factors responsible for causing the disequilibrium of the body
matrix or any of its constituent parts, through the use of drugs, suitable diet, activity and regimen for restoring the
balance.
▪ Stress is also given to strengthening the body mechanism to prevent or minimize future occurrence of the disease.
▪ Treatment in Ayurveda is always individualized.
▪ In addition to drugs it also considers other factors such
as diet, sleep, work and rest pattern environment, age,
sex, appetite, strength and vitality.
▪ There are two approaches to treatment. In the first
approach, the recommended therapeutic measures
antagonize the disease, while in the second approach,
the prescribed measures and create effects similar to the
aetiological factors of the disease process.
 FEATURES OF AYURVEDA
▪ Doshas: Ayurveda recognizes three primary doshas – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha – which represent the fundamental energies
that govern various physiological and psychological functions.

▪ Prakriti (Constitution): Individuals are classified based on their unique combination of doshas, known as their prakriti.
Understanding one's prakriti helps in tailoring lifestyle, diet, and therapeutic approaches for optimal health.

▪ Panchamahabhutas (Five Elements): Ayurveda is based on the concept of five elements - earth, water, fire, air, and
ether. These elements combine to form the doshas, and their balance is crucial for overall well-being.

▪ Saptadhatus (Seven Tissues): Ayurveda identifies seven bodily tissues, starting from the most subtle (plasma) to the
most solid (bone). Maintaining the health of these tissues is integral to overall health.

▪ Agni (Digestive Fire): Ayurveda places great importance on proper digestion, as it is believed to be the key to good
health.Agni represents the digestive fire responsible for metabolizing food and nutrients.
▪ Malas (Waste Products): The elimination of waste products (urine, feces, and sweat) is vital for maintaining balance in
the body. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of regular and efficient elimination.

▪ Tridosha Balance: Health is seen as a state of balance among the three doshas. Imbalances lead to illness, and Ayurveda
aims to restore equilibrium through various therapeutic measures.

▪ Ritucharya (Seasonal Routine): Ayurveda acknowledges the influence of seasons on the body and recommends
specific lifestyle and dietary practices for each season to maintain balance and prevent illnesses.

▪ Yoga and Meditation: Ayurveda is closely linked to yoga and meditation, recognizing the importance of mental and
spiritual well-being in maintaining overall health. These practices are recommended for harmony between mind and
body.
VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES WITHIN
AYURVEDA
▪ In Shamana Therapy elimination of vitiated doshas (digestive, creation of hunger or thirst, exercise and sun rays,
fresh air, appetizer) are done.
▪ In Shodhana Therapy removal factors of somatic psychosomatic disease is used.
▪ Pathyavyavastha emphasis on dos and don'ts of diet to stimulate Agni and optimize digestion and assimilation of
food to strength of tissues.
▪ Nidan Parivarjan stresses to refrain from precipitating and aggravating disease factor.
▪ Satvavajaya is concerned with mental disturbances and refrains mind from diseases.
▪ Rasyana Therapy deals with strength and vitality ,integrity of body matrix, immunity against disease, promotion of
memory, intelligence, preservation of youths.
 HOMEOPATHY
▪ Homeopathy is a system, where diseases are treated by minute doses of drugs that in
a healthy person would produce symptoms like those of the disease.

▪ Strictly speaking homeopathy is not a traditional Indian system of medicine.

▪ It evolved in late 18th century following the work of great German physician Dr.
Samuel Hahnemann. Being completely different from the allopathic system of
medicine it is included in the alternative system of health care.

▪ It is a low cost system using only non-toxic drugs. It has a reputation for successful
treatment of chronic illness and in certain disease for which there is no treatment or
ineffective treatment in other systems.
 PRINCIPLES OF HOMEOPATHY
▪ In homeopathy the main emphasis is on the remedial agents in health and in illness. The system is governed by the law of
'Similia Similibus Curentus' that is 'let likes be treated by likes’.
▪ In other words the basis of treatment under the homeopathic method of drug therapy employed to cure the natural
sufferings of person by the administration of drugs which have been experimentally proved to possess power of producing
similar artificial suffering or symptoms of diseases in healthy human being.
▪ There are four cardinal principles:
1. The Law of Similars.
2. The Law of Direction of Cure.
3. The Law of Single Remedy.
4. The Law of Minimum Dose.
▪ The Law of Similars is the most important principle of homeopathy. It states that the symptoms ‘ experienced by the sick
person are reactions of the defense mechanisms of the body which it mobilizes in order to counteract a specific (bacteria,
virus) or a non-specific (environmental pollution, mental stress) pathogenic influence.
▪ Symptoms are the best possible reaction of the organism under stress and through them it tries to regain its lost balance. In
order to help the organism to achieve this, homeopathic physician should assist and strengthen these reactions through his
drugs rather than suppressing the symptoms.
▪ The other three laws further define the above central concept. These include the different phases to be experienced in the
process of treatment; selection of the single agent potent enough to create the response in healthy individuals similar to
those in the patient and determining the minimum possible dose to be administered.
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE
IN HOMEOPATHY
▪ The classical approach to the problem is to individualize each patient although they may be suffering from the same
disease.
▪ The physician has to undertake detailed interview to find out specific characteristics of the defense mechanism of each
patient including the patient's mental, physical and emotional conditions for a thorough understanding of the imbalance
and associated symptoms complex.
▪ In homeopathy the primary emphasis is on therapeutics. It takes a holistic approach towards the patient and treats the
disturbances on the physical, emotional and mental levels at the same time.
▪ It aims at bringing back the lost equilibrium of the patient on all three levels by stimulating and strengthening his body's
defense mechanism.
▪ The sick person after taking treatment not only gets cured of the disease, but simultaneously regains a perfect state of I
health.
▪ Homeopathy has definite and effective treatment for diabetes, inflammatory arthritis, bronchial alithma, epilepsy. allergy
and several mental disorders.
 FEATURES OF HOMEOPATHY
▪ Law of Similars (Similia Similibus Curentur): Homeopathy operates on the principle that a substance that causes
symptoms in a healthy person can be used to treat similar symptoms in a sick person. This is known as the law of
similars.
▪ Individualized Treatment: Homeopathic treatment is highly individualized. The homeopath considers not only the
specific symptoms but also the unique characteristics and overall constitution of the patient.
▪ Minimum Dose: Homeopathic remedies are prepared through a process of potentization, which involves dilution
and succussion. The idea is to use the minimum dose necessary to stimulate the body's vital force without causing
side effects.
▪ Potentization: Remedies are diluted and succussed (shaken vigorously) to enhance their healing properties while
minimizing toxicity. The higher the dilution, the more potent the remedy is believed to become.
▪ Vital Force: Homeopathy views health as a balance of the vital force within the body. Disease is seen as a
disturbance in this vital force, and homeopathic remedies aim to stimulate the body's self-healing mechanism.
 FEATURES OF HOMEOPATHY
▪ Holistic Approach: Homeopathy takes a holistic approach, considering physical, mental, and emotional aspects of
an individual's health. Treatment aims to address the root cause rather than merely alleviating symptoms.
▪ Chronic and Acute Conditions: Homeopathy is used for both chronic and acute conditions. It is often sought for
long-term conditions as well as acute illnesses.
▪ Safety and Lack of Side Effects: Homeopathic remedies are generally considered safe and are known for their lack
of side effects. They are non-toxic and do not interact negatively with conventional medications.
▪ Provings: Homeopathic remedies are often derived from substances that have undergone "provings" in healthy
individuals. These provings involve documenting the symptoms produced when a substance is administered to
healthy volunteers.
▪ Prevention and Supportive Care: Homeopathy is not only used for treating illnesses but also for preventive care
and as supportive therapy for various health conditions.
 NATUROPATHY
▪ Naturopathy is a way of life and is often referred
to as the drugless treatment of diseases.
▪ The system believes that with a properly
organized way of life and by not retaliating (by
drug treatment), one can get energy, health and
happiness from benevolent nature.
▪ The system is closely allied to Ayurveda so far as
fundamental principles are concerned. There are
two schools of thought in this system.
▪ One group believes in the ancient Indian
methods while the other group adopts western
methods, which are more akin to modern
physiotherapy.
▪ The advocate of naturopathy pay special
attention to fasting, eating and living habits,
adoption of measures for purification; use of
hydrotherapy, cold packs, mud packs, baths, and
massage; and a variety of other innovative
methods.
 FEATURES OF NATUROPATHY
▪ Diet Therapy: According to this therapy, the food must be taken in natural form. Fresh seasonal fruits, fresh green leafy
vegetables and sprouts are excellent. These diets are broadly classified into three types which are as follows: i)
Eliminative Diet (Liquids-Lemon, Citric juices) ii) Soothing Diet (Fruits, Salads, Boiled/ Steamed Vegetables ) iii)
Constructive Diet (Wholesome flour, pulses, Curd) These diets help in improving health, purifying the body and
rendering it immune to disease.
▪ Fasting Therapy: Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period
of time. Methods of fasting are water, juices or raw vegetable juices. During fasting, the body burns up and excretes huge
amounts of accumulated wastes.
▪ Mud therapy: Mud therapy is very simple and effective treatment modality. Mud therapy is used to give coolness to
body. It dilutes and absorbs the toxic substances of body and ultimately eliminates them from the body.

▪ Hydrotherapy: It is the treatment of disorders using different forms of water. Hydrothermal therapy additionally uses its
temperature effects, as in hot and cold baths, saunas and body wraps.
▪ Masso Therapy: Massage is the practice of soft tissue manipulation with physical, functional, and in some cases
psychological purposes and goals. If correctly done on a bare body, it can be highly stimulating and invigorating. Various
oils are used as lubricants like mustard oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, olive oil, aroma oils , these oils also have therapeutic
effects.
 FEATURES OF NATUROPATHY
▪ Acupressure: Acupressure is an ancient healing art that uses the fingers or any blunted objects to press key points called
as ‘Acu Points’ (Energy stored points) on the surface rhythmically on the skin to stimulate the body’s natural self-curative
abilities.

▪ Chromo Therapy: Seven colors of Sun rays have different therapeutic effects. Water and oil exposed to sun for specified
hours in colored bottles and colored glasses are used as devices of Chromo Therapy for treating different disorders.

▪ Air Therapy: The advantage of air therapy can be achieved using Air bath. Everybody should take an air bath daily for
20 minutes or longer if possible. It is more advantageous when combined with morning cold rub and exercises.

▪ Magnet Therapy: Magnet therapy is a clinical system in which human ailments are treated and cured through the
application of magnets to the body of the patients. It is the simplest, cheapest and entirely painless system of treatment
with almost no side or after-effects. The only tool used is the magnet. Also, magnetic belts are available for different parts
e.g. Abdomen, knee and for wrist.
 YOGA
▪ Yogic system of medicine is as old as the Ayurveda.
▪ About 2500 years ago Patanjali propounded it in a systematic form, which
consists of eight components, namely, restraint, observance of austerity, physical
postures, breathing exercise, restraining of sense organs, contemplation,
meditation and Samadhi.
▪ These yogic practices have potential to improve circulation of oxygenated blood
in body, restrain the sense organs and the mind and to induce tranquillity and
serenity in mind.
▪ Meditation if regularly practiced to a bare minimum, the mind can be directed to
perform more fruitful functions.
▪ A number of physical postures are described in yoga to improve health, to
prevent disease and to cure illnesses. The physical postures are to be chosen
judiciously and are to be practiced in a right way to derive the benefits of
prevention of diseases, promotion of health and for therapeutic purposes.
▪ The practice of integrated type of yoga prevents psychosomatic disorders and
improves individual's resistance and ability to endure stressful situations.
 FEATURES OF YOGA
▪ Union of Body, Mind, and Spirit: Yoga seeks to integrate the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of an individual to
achieve a harmonious union. Example: Practices like Hatha Yoga include physical postures (asanas) combined with breath
control (pranayama) and meditation.
▪ Asanas (Physical Postures): Yoga includes a wide range of physical postures that enhance strength, flexibility, and
balance. Example: The "Downward-Facing Dog" pose in Hatha Yoga strengthens the entire body and improves flexibility.
▪ Pranayama (Breath Control): Control of breath is integral to yoga, promoting relaxation and enhancing energy flow.
Example: "Ujjayi Pranayama" involves deep, rhythmic breathing, calming the nervous system and promoting mindfulness.
▪ Meditation and Mindfulness: Yoga incorporates meditation to quiet the mind, reduce stress, and enhance self-awareness.
Example: Mindful breathing meditation involves focusing on the breath to cultivate presence and calmness.
▪ Yamas and Niyamas (Ethical Guidelines): Yoga philosophy includes ethical principles (yamas) and personal
observances (niyamas) to guide ethical living. Example: "Ahimsa" (non-violence) is a yama, promoting compassion and
non-harming in thoughts and actions.
 FEATURES OF YOGA
▪ Mantras and Chanting: Use of sacred sounds or chants to enhance concentration and spiritual connection. Example:
Reciting the "Om" mantra is believed to have a calming and centering effect on the mind.
▪ Ayurvedic Lifestyle: Yoga often aligns with Ayurvedic principles for a balanced and healthy lifestyle, including dietary
practices and daily routines. Example: Practicing "Surya Namaskar" (Sun Salutation) in the morning aligns with
Ayurvedic recommendations for energizing the body.
▪ Chakras and Energy Flow: Yoga acknowledges energy centers in the body (chakras) and aims to balance their flow.
Example: Heart-opening poses in yoga, like "Cobra" or "Bridge," are believed to activate the heart chakra, fostering
emotional well-being.
▪ Yoga Philosophy and Sutras: Ancient texts like the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali provide philosophical guidelines for ethical
and spiritual living. Example: "Sthira Sukham Asanam" from the Yoga Sutras emphasizes finding steadiness and ease in
yoga poses.
▪ Self-Realization: The ultimate goal of yoga is self-realization, achieving a deep understanding of one's true nature.
Example: Practices like "Jnana Yoga" involve self-inquiry and contemplation to realize the essence of one's being.
 REFERENCES
▪ Mayo Clinic (2010). Book of Alternative Medicine, 2nd Edition
▪ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332914/
▪ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alternative-medicine#biological-therapies
▪ https://www.egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/33274/1/Unit-2.pdf
Importance of alternative
medicines
(Alternative Medicines & Nutrition)

Bharti
602/22
Semester- 4/2nd Year
 Importance of ayurveda
Holistic Approach:
• Ayurveda views health as a balance between the body, mind, and spirit. It focuses on addressing the
root causes of illnesses rather than merely treating symptoms. This holistic approach considers an
individual's lifestyle, diet, mental well-being, and environment.
Personalized Treatment:
• Ayurvedic treatments are personalized based on an individual's unique constitution, known as
doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). This personalized approach allows for targeted and individualized
care, taking into account the person's specific needs and characteristics.
Natural Remedies:
• Ayurveda relies heavily on natural remedies, including herbal medicines, dietary guidelines, yoga,
and lifestyle modifications. This emphasis on natural elements aligns with a growing interest in
sustainable and natural healthcare options.
Preventive Care
• Ayurveda places a strong emphasis on preventive healthcare. By promoting balance and harmony within the body,
Ayurvedic practices aim to prevent the onset of diseases. This proactive approach contrasts with the reactive nature of
some conventional medical practices.

Mind-Body Connection
• Ayurveda recognizes the intricate connection between the mind and body. Mental well-being is considered essential for
overall health, and Ayurvedic practices often include mindfulness, meditation, and yoga to promote mental balance.
Cultural Heritage:
• Ayurveda has a rich history deeply rooted in Indian culture. For many individuals, the cultural significance and historical
use of Ayurveda contribute to its perceived value as a traditional and time-tested system of medicine.
Complementary to Conventional Medicine
• Ayurveda is often used as a complementary or integrative approach alongside conventional medicine. Some individuals
find that combining Ayurvedic practices with mainstream medical treatments provides a more comprehensive
approach to their health.

Global Interest and Research:

• There is a growing global interest in alternative and traditional medicines, leading to increased research into the
efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic practices. Scientific studies are exploring the potential benefits of Ayurvedic
treatments, contributing to a more evidence-based understanding of its effectiveness.
 Importance of Homeopathy
Holistic Approach
• Similar to Ayurveda, homeopathy adopts a holistic approach to health. It considers the individual as
a whole and seeks to treat the underlying causes of symptoms rather than just addressing the
symptoms themselves.
Individualized Treatment
• Homeopathic treatments are highly individualized. Practitioners take into account a person's
physical, emotional, and mental state, as well as their specific symptoms. This personalized
approach allows for a tailored treatment plan for each individual.
Minimal Side Effects
• Homeopathic remedies are often derived from natural substances and are highly diluted. This makes
them generally safe and well-tolerated, with minimal side effects compared to some conventional
medications.
Stimulation of Self-Healing
• Homeopathy is based on the principle of "like cures like" and the concept of potentization, where substances are diluted and succussed
(shaken vigorously). The remedies are believed to stimulate the body's self-healing mechanisms, encouraging the body to overcome
imbalances and restore health.
Complementary Approach
• Homeopathy is often used as a complementary or integrative approach alongside conventional medicine. Many people find that
combining homeopathic treatments with mainstream medical interventions provides a more comprehensive healthcare strategy.
Chronic and Long-Term Conditions
• Homeopathy is frequently used for chronic conditions where conventional medicine may have limitations. It is particularly popular for
conditions with complex and overlapping symptoms.
Safe for All Ages
• Homeopathic remedies are generally considered safe for people of all ages, including infants and pregnant women. This makes it an
attractive option for those who may be more sensitive to conventional medications.
Placebo Effect
• While the debate on the efficacy of homeopathy continues, some individuals report positive outcomes. The placebo effect, where a
patient experiences improvements due to belief in the treatment, may play a role in some cases.
Patient-Centered Care
• Homeopathic consultations typically involve detailed discussions about a patient's symptoms, lifestyle, and emotional well-being. This
patient-centered approach allows individuals to actively participate in their healthcare decisions.
 Importance of naturopathy
Holistic Approach
• Naturopathy adopts a holistic approach to health, treating the whole person rather than just the symptoms of a
particular ailment. Practitioners consider physical, mental, emotional, and environmental factors when developing
treatment plans.

Prevention and Wellness

• Naturopathic medicine places a strong emphasis on preventive care. By identifying and addressing the underlying
causes of illness, naturopathy aims to prevent the onset of diseases and promote long-term wellness.
Individualized Treatment
• Naturopathic practitioners tailor treatment plans to each individual's unique constitution and health needs. This
personalized approach may include a combination of dietary recommendations, herbal supplements, lifestyle
modifications, and other natural therapies.

Natural Healing Modalities

• Naturopathy utilizes a variety of natural healing modalities, including herbal medicine, nutrition, hydrotherapy, physical
therapies, and lifestyle counseling. These modalities are chosen to support the body's inherent ability to heal itself.
Focus on Root Causes
• Naturopathic medicine seeks to identify and address the root causes of health issues rather than merely treating symptoms. By
addressing underlying imbalances or dysfunctions, naturopathy aims to restore the body to a state of optimal health.
Integration with Conventional Medicine
• Naturopathy can be used as a complementary approach alongside conventional medicine. Naturopathic doctors may work in
collaboration with medical professionals to provide a more comprehensive and integrative healthcare strategy for patients.
Patient Education
• Naturopathic practitioners often prioritize patient education. By empowering individuals with knowledge about their health and lifestyle
choices, patients can actively participate in their own well-being and make informed decisions.
Emphasis on Natural Therapies
• Naturopathy promotes the use of natural and non-invasive therapies. This can be appealing to individuals who prefer a more natural and
gentle approach to healthcare, with fewer potential side effects than some conventional treatments.
Chronic Disease Management
• Naturopathy is often sought for the management of chronic conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, digestive issues, and hormonal
imbalances. The holistic nature of naturopathic medicine is well-suited to addressing complex and chronic health challenges.
Promotion of Optimal Vitality
• Naturopathy focuses not only on the absence of disease but also on promoting optimal vitality and well-being. The goal is to help
individuals achieve and maintain a high level of health and energy.
 importance of yoga
Mind-Body Connection:
• Yoga emphasizes the connection between the mind and body. Through the practice of physical postures (asanas),
breathing exercises (pranayama), and meditation, individuals can achieve a sense of balance and harmony, promoting
overall well-being.
Stress Reduction
• One of the primary benefits of yoga is its ability to reduce stress. The practice encourages relaxation and mindfulness,
leading to a decrease in stress hormones. This can contribute to improved mental health and a reduction in stress-
related illnesses.
Physical Health
• Yoga offers a range of physical benefits, including improved flexibility, strength, and balance. The gentle, controlled
movements in yoga can help alleviate tension, reduce the risk of injury, and promote overall physical fitness.
Pain Management
• Yoga has been found to be effective in managing chronic pain conditions, such as lower back pain, arthritis, and
migraines. The combination of physical postures and mindfulness practices can help individuals cope with pain and
enhance their quality of life.
Holistic Healing
• Yoga takes a holistic approach to healing by addressing not only physical health but also mental and emotional well-being. This
comprehensive approach aligns with the principles of alternative medicine, which seek to treat the whole person rather than
isolated symptoms.

Improved Mental Health

• Regular practice of yoga has been associated with improved mental health outcomes, including reduced symptoms of anxiety and
depression. The emphasis on mindfulness and self-awareness in yoga can contribute to a positive mental state.
Enhanced Immune Function
• Some studies suggest that practicing yoga may have positive effects on the immune system. The stress-reducing benefits of yoga,
coupled with its impact on overall health, may contribute to a stronger immune response.
Complementary Therapy
• Yoga is often used as a complementary therapy alongside conventional medical treatments. It can be integrated into treatment
plans for various health conditions, offering individuals a holistic approach to managing their health.
Lifestyle Modification
• Yoga encourages a mindful and balanced lifestyle. Through the practice of yoga, individuals may become more attuned to their
bodies, make healthier lifestyle choices, and adopt habits that contribute to long-term well-being.
Accessible to All Ages and Fitness Levels
• One of the strengths of yoga is its accessibility. It can be adapted to suit people of all ages and fitness levels, making it a versatile
practice that can be incorporated into diverse healthcare approaches.
 PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE
ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF
MEDICINES

“ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND NUTRITION”

SUBMITTED TO – RITU PRADHAN
SUBMITTED BY – TRIPTI
M.Sc. FOODS AND NUTRITION
ROLL NO. – 604/22
INTRODUCTION :
❖ Alternative systems of medicine, also known as complementary or
traditional medicine, encompass a diverse array of healthcare practices
and approaches that diverge from the conventional western medical
model.
❖ These systems are characterized by unique philosophies, diagnostic
methods, and treatment modalities that often priorities holistic well-
being.
❖ Emphasizing a comprehensive understanding of health, alternative
medicine addresses the interconnected aspects of physical, mental,
emotional, and spiritual dimensions.
❖ Frequently drawing upon cultural and traditional roots, these systems
incorporate practices deeply ingrained in specific communities’ beliefs
and historical knowledge.
❖ Natural healing methods, such as herbal remedies and non-
pharmaceutical interventions, are often central to alternative medicine.
❖ Individualization treatment plans, tailored to factors like constitution
and lifestyle, are a common principle, as it focus on preventive
measures and the promotion of overall wellness.
❖ Examples includes Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda,
homeopathy, naturopathy and various forms of energy medicine.
THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE : AYURVEDA
Ayurveda, often considered the oldest system of medicine, is rooted in ancient
Indian philosophy and is guided by the a set of principles that form the basis of its
holistic approach to health and wellness.

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING AYURVEDA :

✓ Pancha Mahabhutas (five Elements):- Ayurveda recognizes that all matter,

including the human body, is the five elements- earth, water, fire, air, and ether.
These elements combines in different proportions to form the three doshas
(Vata, Pitta, Kapha).
✓ Tridosha (Three doshas – Vata, Pitta, Kapha):- the Doshas represent
dynamic forces that govern various physiological and psychological functions.
Vata, associated with air and ether, governs movement; Pitta linked to fire and
water, governs transformation; Kapha, tied to earth and water, governs
structure and lubrication.
✓ Prakriti (Individual constitution):- every individual is born with a unique
combination of the doshas, known as their prakriti. Understanding one’s
prakriti is fundamental to tailoring lifestyle, diet and therapies for maintaining
balance.
✓ Vikriti (imbalance):- imbalances in the doshas, leading to vikriti, can result
from various factors such as diet, lifestyle, and environmental influences.
Identifying and addressing these imbalances is crucial for preventing and
treating diesases.
✓ Dhatus (Tissues) and Malas (waste products):- Ayurveda recognizes seven bodily
tissues (dhatus) and waste products (malas) that play a role in maintaining health.
Proper nourishment and elimination are vital for the balanced functioning of the
body.
✓ Agni (Digestive fire):- Agni, the digestive fire, is central to ayurvedic principles. It
governs the digestion and assimilation of nutrients. Balanced agni is crucial for
overall health and vitality.
✓ Srotas (Channels):- the body has various channels or systems (srotas) responsible
for the transportation of nutrients, energy, and waste. Clear and functional channels
are essential for the proper functioning of the body.
✓ Rasa (Taste), Virya (potency), vipaka (post-digestive effect):- ayurveda
categories foods based on their taste (rasa), potency (virya), and post-digestive effect
(vipaka). This classification forms the basis for dietary recommendations tailored to
an individual’s constitution and imbalances.
✓ Dincharya (daily routine):- establishing a daily routine aligned with natural rhythm
is considered essential for promoting overall well-being. This includes practices
such as oil pullling, tongue scraping and meditation.
✓ Ritucharya (seasonal routine):- ayurveda emphasizes adapting daily routines and
dietary habits according to seasonal changes to maintain balance with nature.
Different seasons are associated with changes in dosha predominance.
✓ Sadvritta (good conduct):- promoting ethical and righteous behaviour, which
includes positive thoughts, actions and relationships, is believed to contribute to
overall health. Maintaining a positive mental outlook is considered integral to well-
being.
✓ Yoga and Meditation :- integrating yoga and mediation practices into
daily life is considered beneficial for balancing the mind, body and spirit.
These practices help enhance self-awareness and promote mental
tranquility.
✓ Ahara (Diet) and Vihara (lifestyle):- Ayurveda places significant
emphasis on dietary choices (ahara) and lifestyle practices (vihara) tailored
to an individual’s constitution and imbalances. This includes
recommendations for meal timings, food combinations and daily activities.
✓ Panchkarma (detoxification):- Panchkarma therapies, including
cleansing and rejuvenation procedures, are employed to eliminate toxins
and restore balance. This involves practices such as oil massage and steam
therapy.
✓ Swasthavritta (health maintenance):- Ayurveda provides guidelines for
maintaining health and preventing disease through lifestyle practices,
including dietary choices and self- care. This involves cultivating healthy
habits and routines.
✓ Individualized treatment:- Ayurvedic treatments are personalized based
on an individual’s constitution, imbalances and specific health concerns.
Therapies may include herbal remedies, dietary modifications, and lifestyle
adjustments tailored to the unique needs of each person.

These principles collectively constitute the framework of Ayurveda,

offering a profound understanding of the dynamic interplay between the
individual and their environment. The personalizes and holistic nature of
Ayurveda aims not to treat diseases but also to promote overall well-being
and longevity.
THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE : HOMEOPATHY
Homeopathy is a system of alternative medicine that was developed
in the late 18th century. The central tenet of homeopathy is the “Law
of Similars”, which posits that a substance that causes symptoms in a
healthy person can be used in a highly diluted form to treat similar
symptoms in a sick person. Homeopathic remedies are prepared
through a process of serial dilution and succussion, where the
original substance is diluted with water or alcohol and the vigorously
shaken.
According to homeopathic principles, the more a substance is
diluted, the more potent it becomes as a remedy. This is in stark
contrast to conventional medicine, where the effectiveness of a
treatment is often associated with the dose of the active ingredient.

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING HOMEOPATHY:-

✓ Law of Similars:- the fundamental principle of homeopathy

is “like cures like,” suggesting that a substance that causes
symptoms in a healthy person can be used in a highly diluted
from to treat similar symptoms in an individual experiencing
those symptoms.
✓ Individualization:- Homeopathy treats individuals, not diseases.
The focus is on understanding the unique symptoms and
characteristics of each person to prescribe a remedy that matches
their specific symptoms, mental state, and overall constitution.
✓ Minimum Dose:- Homeopathic remedies are prepared through a
process of serial dilution and succession (vigorous shaking). The
principle of the minimum dose suggests that the more a substance is
dilluted, the more potent it becomes. This is based on the idea that
the vital force of the diluted substance imparts healing energy.
✓ Potentization:- the process of potentization involves dilution and
succussion, which is believed to release the healing energy or “vital
force” of the substance while minimizing toxicity. Higher dilutions
are considered more potent.
✓ Totality of Symptoms:- Homeopathy takes into account the totality
of an individual’s symptoms, including physical, mental, and
emotional aspects. Symptoms are considered expressions of the
body’s attempt to restore balance.
✓ Healing’s Law of Cure:- Healing progresses from the inside out,
from vital organs to less vital organs, and from the top of the body
to the bottom. Symptoms may shift during the healing process.
✓ Single Remedy:- Homeopathy typically prescribes a single remedy at a
time. The goal is to find the one remedy that best matches the totality of an
individual’s symptoms, rather than using a combination of remedies.

✓ Healing’s Rule of Cure:- As the body undergoes healing, symptoms may

move from more vital organs to less vital organs, from inner organs to the
skin, or from top to bottom. This is seen as a positive direction of cure.

✓ Dynamization and Vital Force:- Homeopathy views diseases as

disruptions in the body’s vital force. The potentized remedies are believed
to stimulate the vital force to initiate the body’s healing response.

✓ Proving:- Homeopathic remedies are selected based on information

obtained from proving, in which healthy individuals take a substance and
report the symptoms experienced. These symptoms guide the use of the
substance in treating similar symptoms in sick individuals.

✓ Chronic Disease:- Homeopathy addresses chronic diseases and their

underlying causes. Chronic conditions are often believed to have deeper
roots, such as miasms, that need to be addressed for lasting healing.
THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: NATUROPATHY
Naturopathy is a system of alternative medicine that emphasizes the body's ability to heal itself through natural therapies and
lifestyle interventions. Naturopathic medicine encompasses a holistic approach, considering the physical, mental, and emotional
well-being of an individual. Naturopaths aim to address the root causes of illness and promote overall health and wellness.

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING NATUROPATHY:-

✓ Healing Power of Nature:-The human body possesses an innate ability to

heal itself. Naturopathy recognizes and supports the healing power of
nature by removing obstacles to health and facilitating the body's natural
processes.
✓ Identify and Treat the Cause:- Naturopaths seek to identify and address
the underlying causes of illness rather than merely treating symptoms. This
involves understanding the physical, mental, and emotional factors
contributing to disease.
✓ First, Do No Harm :- Naturopaths aim to use the least invasive and least
harmful interventions to promote healing. The emphasis is on avoiding
treatments that may have harmful side effects or suppress the body's natural
processes.
✓ Doctor as Teacher :- Naturopathic physicians see themselves as educators,
empowering patients to take an active role in their health. They provide
information, guidance, and support to facilitate self-healing.
✓ Treat the Whole Person:- Naturopathy considers the individual as a whole, taking
into account physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects. Treatment plans are
personalized to address the unique characteristics of each person.
✓ Prevention:- Naturopaths emphasize preventive measures to maintain health and
well-being.This includes education on healthy lifestyle choices, stress management,
and disease prevention strategies.
✓ Wellness:-Naturopathy focuses on promoting overall wellness rather than just
treating diseases. The goal is to optimize health and prevent future illnesses by
addressing root causes and supporting the body's natural balance.
✓ Emphasize the Healing Power of Therapeutic Relationships:- Naturopaths
recognize the importance of a strong doctor-patient relationship. A supportive and
trusting therapeutic alliance is believed to enhance the effectiveness of the healing
process.
✓ Individualized Treatment (Individualization):-Naturopathic treatments are
tailored to the individual's specific needs and conditions. This includes considering
factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental influences.
✓ Educate and Empower (Empowerment):- Naturopaths educate and empower
patients to make informed decisions about their health. This involves providing
information on healthy living, self-care practices, and disease prevention.
✓ Use of Natural Therapies (Nature Cure):- Naturopathy employs a wide range of
natural therapies, including herbal medicine, nutrition, hydrotherapy, physical
manipulation, and lifestyle counseling, to support the body's healing processes.
✓ Holistic Nutrition:- Naturopathy places a strong emphasis on the role of
nutrition in health and healing. Dietary recommendations are tailored to
individual needs and may include whole foods, supplements, and
therapeutic diets.
✓ Detoxification:- Naturopaths may incorporate detoxification methods to
help the body eliminate toxins and promote overall health. This can
include dietary changes, fasting, and specific therapies to support organ
function.
✓ Mind-Body Connection:- Naturopathy recognizes the
interconnectedness of the mind and body. Mental and emotional well-
being is considered integral to overall health, and therapies may include
counseling, stress management, and mind-body practices.
✓ Integration with Conventional Medicine (Collaboration):-
Naturopaths may collaborate with conventional medical practitioners
when appropriate, promoting an integrative approach to patient care that
combines the strengths of both systems.
✓ Research and Evidence-Informed Practice:- Naturopathy values
evidence-informed practice and ongoing research. Naturopathic
physicians strive to integrate the latest research findings into their
treatment approaches while respecting the traditional knowledge that
informs their practice.
 THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: YOGA
Yoga is a multifaceted and ancient practice that originated in India. It encompasses physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines
aimed at achieving holistic well-being and self-realization. The term "yoga" is derived from the Sanskrit word "yuj," which
means to yoke or unite, reflecting the union of mind, and spirit.

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING YOGA:-

✓ Yamas (Social Ethics):-Yamas are ethical guidelines that govern

one's behavior and interactions with others.

There are five Yamas:

• Ahimsa (Non-violence): Avoidance of harm to oneself and

others.
• Satya (Truthfulness): Commitment to truth and honesty.
• Asteya (Non-stealing): Refraining from stealing, whether
physical or in thought.
• Brahmacharya (Moderation): Practicing moderation and
conserving vital energy.
• Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness): Letting go of material
attachments.
✓ Asanas (Physical Postures):- Asanas refer to the physical postures practiced in yoga.
The goal is to create harmony between the body, mind, and spirit, promoting physical
strength, flexibility, and balance.
✓ Pranayama (Breath Control):- Pranayama involves conscious control and regulation
of the breath. It aims to balance and energize the body, enhance mental clarity, and
connect with the life force (prana).
✓ Pratyahara (Withdrawal of the Senses):- Pratyahara is the withdrawal of the senses
from external stimuli. It allows individuals to turn their attention inward, fostering self-
awareness and concentration.
✓ Dharana (Concentration):- Dharana is the practice of focused concentration. It
involves directing the mind toward a single point or object, enhancing mental stability
and focus.
✓ Dhyana (Meditation):- Dhyana is the uninterrupted flow of concentration, leading to a
state of meditation. It involves deep contemplation and connection with a higher
consciousness.
✓ Samadhi (Union):- Samadhi is the ultimate state of blissful union with the divine or
cosmic consciousness. It represents a transcendent experience of oneness and
enlightenment.
✓ Ahara (Nutrition):- Yoga emphasizes mindful and sattvic (pure) eating. A yogic diet is
typically plant- based, emphasizing fresh, wholesome foods that promote physical and
mental well-being.
✓ Vihara (Lifestyle):-Yogic lifestyle choices include simplicity, moderation, and
mindfulness in daily activities. It extends beyond the yoga mat to encompass ethical
living and conscious decision-making.
✓ Seva (Selfless Service):- Seva involves engaging in selfless
service for the benefit of others. It promotes compassion, empathy,
and a sense of interconnectedness with the community and the
world.
✓ Nishkama Karma (Selfless Action):- Nishkama Karma involves
performing actions without attachment to the results. It promotes
the idea of selfless service and doing one's duty for the greater
good.
✓ Bhakti (Devotion):- Bhakti is the path of devotion and love for a
higher power. It encourages cultivating a deep connection with the
divine through prayer, rituals, and devotional practices.
✓ Gyana (Knowledge):- gyana is the path of wisdom and
knowledge. It involves self-inquiry, contemplation, and the pursuit
of understanding the true nature of the self and reality.
✓ Karma (Action):-Karma Yoga is the path of selfless action. It
encourages individuals to perform their duties with dedication and
without attachment to the results.

These principles collectively form the foundation of yoga, guiding

individuals on a transformative journey toward physical health,
mental clarity, and spiritual awakening. While the paths may vary, the
ultimate goal of yoga is to achieve a state of holistic well-being and
union with the higher self or divine consciousness.
THANK YOU
 M.Sc. Home Science (Foods & Nutrition)
4th Semester

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND

NUTRITION
• Overview of role of traditional
herbal medicines in healing
• Chinese medicine

Submitted To: Dr. Ritu Pradhan (HOD,GHSC-10) Submitted By: Gurleen Kaur (roll no: 606/22))
 Index
Overview of role of traditional herbal medicines in healing
What Is Traditional Medicine

Traditional Medicinal System In INDIA

Traditional Systems Of Medicine In Different Continents

Role of Traditional Medicine in Healing

Chinese medicine
Introduction

5 Elements of TCM

Diagnosis

Treatment
 Traditional medicine

Traditional medicine has a long history. It is the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories,
beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as
D well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.1
There are many different systems of traditional medicine, and the philosophy and practices of each are influenced by the
E prevailing conditions, environment, and geographic area within which it first evolved however, a common philosophy is a
2
F holistic approach to life, equilibrium of the mind, body, and the environment, and an emphasis on health rather than on
disease. Generally, the focus is on the overall condition of the individual, rather than on the particular ailment or disease
F from which the patient is suffering, and the use of herbs is a core part of all systems of traditional medicine.3
I
N Complementary medicine
A The terms “complementary medicine” or “alternative medicine” refer to a broad set of
health care practices that are not part of that country’s own tradition or conventional
T medicine and are not fully integrated into the dominant health-care system. They are used
I interchangeably with traditional medicine in some countries.
O
N Herbal medicines
Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal
products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or
combinations.

1. Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine. (2019, November 25). https://www.who.int/health-topics/traditional-complementary-and-integrative-medicine#tab=tab_1

2. World Health Organization (WHO). National Policy on Traditional Medicine and Regulation of Herbal Medicines. Geneva: 2005. Report of WHO global survey.
3. Schmidt B, Ribnicky D. M, Poulev A, Logendra S, Cefalu W. T, Raskin I. A natural history of botanical therapeutics. Metabolism. 2008;57:S3–9
 Traditional Medicinal System In INDIA

The system of medicines which are considered to be Indian in origin or the systems of medicine, 4which have come to
India from outside and got assimilated in to Indian culture are known as Indian Systems of Medicine.
AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unami, Siddha, Homeopathy)
1. Ayurveda
2. Siddha
3. Unani
4. Yoga
5. Naturopathy
6. Homoeopathy

4. Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy Traditional Medicine in Asia. Chaudhury Ranjit Roy, Rafei Uton Muchatar., editors. New Delhi: WHO- Regional Office for South East Asia; 2002. pp. 283–
286.
Traditional Systems Of Medicine In Different Continents

Ansari, S. (2021, January 1). Overview of traditional systems of medicine in different continents. Elsevier eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820284-5.00017-4
 • Cultural Heritage and Identity:
R • Traditional herbal medicines are deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of communities worldwide. They often
represent a crucial aspect of a community's identity, passed down through generations.
O • The knowledge of herbal remedies is frequently transmitted orally or through traditional texts, contributing to
the preservation of cultural practices and wisdom.
L
E • Holistic Health Approach:
• Many traditional healing systems, such as Ayurveda, TCM, and Indigenous healing practices, adopt a holistic
approach to health. They consider the interconnectedness of the body, mind, and spirit in maintaining overall
well-being.
• Traditional herbal medicines often address not only specific symptoms but also the underlying causes of
ailments, promoting a balanced and harmonious state of health.

• Primary Healthcare in Underserved Areas:

• In many rural or economically disadvantaged regions, traditional herbal medicines serve as primary healthcare
due to their accessibility and affordability.
• Traditional healers, often community members with specialized knowledge, play a vital role in providing
healthcare services to populations with limited access to modern medical facilities.

• Biodiversity and Sustainable Practices:

• Traditional herbal medicines rely on a diverse range of plant species, fostering a connection between
communities and their natural environments.
• Indigenous knowledge often includes sustainable harvesting practices, ensuring the conservation of biodiversity
and the long-term availability of medicinal plants.

• Preventive Healthcare:
• Herbal remedies are frequently used for preventive healthcare, with certain herbs believed to boost the immune
system and promote general well-being.
• Regular consumption of specific herbs may be part of cultural practices aimed at maintaining health and
preventing diseases.
 • Ceremonial and Spiritual Significance:
R • The use of traditional herbal medicines is often intertwined with cultural ceremonies and spiritual
O practices.
• Rituals involving the preparation and consumption of herbal remedies may have symbolic or religious
L significance, contributing to a sense of community and spirituality.

E • Complementary and Integrative Medicine:

• Traditional herbal medicines are often used alongside conventional medical treatments as complementary
therapies.
• Some individuals seek an integrative approach to healthcare, combining traditional remedies with modern
medicine for a more comprehensive and personalized healing strategy.

• Drug Discovery and Modern Medicine:

• Many modern pharmaceuticals have origins in traditional herbal medicines. Researchers study traditional
remedies to identify bioactive compounds that can be isolated and used as the basis for new drugs.
• Traditional herbal knowledge contributes to the development of evidence-based medicine, bridging the gap
between traditional and modern healthcare practices.

• Community Support and Social Dynamics:

• Traditional healers often serve as pillars of support within their communities. Their role extends beyond
providing herbal remedies to offering guidance, emotional support, and reinforcing cultural values.
• The use of herbal medicines can strengthen community bonds as individuals share common healing
practices and traditions.

• Global Interest and Research:

• Traditional herbal medicines have gained global interest, leading to increased research and scientific
validation.
• Researchers explore the safety, efficacy, and potential benefits of traditional remedies, contributing to a
more comprehensive understanding of their role in healthcare.
 1.Holistic Approach: Traditional herbal medicine typically takes a holistic approach to health. It views the individual as a whole, considering
the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of a person. The goal is to achieve balance and harmony within the body.

2.Individualized Treatment: Traditional herbal medicine often tailors treatments to the individual rather than following a one-size-fits-all
approach. Practitioners consider a person's unique constitution, lifestyle, and specific health conditions when prescribing herbal
remedies.
R
O 3.Nature as a Source of Healing: Traditional herbal medicine relies on natural substances, primarily plants, for healing. It emphasizes the
use of medicinal plants and their extracts to restore and maintain health. Practitioners believe that nature provides a wide range of
L remedies for various ailments.
E
4.Energetic Balance: Many traditional systems, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda, incorporate the concept of
energetic balance. This involves the balance of vital forces, such as Qi in TCM or Doshas in Ayurveda. Herbal remedies are often selected
I to restore and maintain this balance.
N
5.Prevention and Maintenance: Traditional herbal medicine places a strong emphasis on preventive healthcare. Herbs are often used not
only to treat illnesses but also to maintain overall well-being and prevent diseases from occurring.
H
6.Cultural Wisdom and Tradition: Traditional herbal medicine is often passed down through generations, relying on the accumulated
E wisdom of cultures and communities. This knowledge is based on observations, experiences, and the transmission of information from
A one generation to the next.
L
7.Sustainability: Many traditional herbal medicine practices emphasize sustainable harvesting and cultivation of medicinal plants.
I Practitioners recognize the importance of preserving the environment to ensure the availability of medicinal plants for future generations.
N
G 8.Balancing Opposing Forces: In some traditional systems, health is seen as a balance between opposing forces or energies. Herbal
remedies are selected to restore this balance, whether it be the balance of hot and cold, wet and dry, or other opposing qualities.

9.Empowerment and Self-Care: Traditional herbal medicine often encourages individuals to take an active role in their own health. It
empowers people to learn about medicinal plants, make informed choices about their well-being, and often includes practices like dietary
recommendations and lifestyle modifications.
Advantages of Traditional Herbal Medicines: Disadvantages of Traditional Herbal Medicines:

1.Cultural Significance: Traditional herbal medicines are often 1.Lack of Standardization: Traditional herbal medicines often lack standardized
deeply rooted in cultural practices, reflecting the accumulated formulations, leading to variations in potency and efficacy. This can make it
wisdom and knowledge of generations. They contribute to cultural challenging to ensure consistent results and dosages.
2.Limited Scientific Validation: While many herbal remedies have been used for
identity and heritage.
centuries, not all of them have undergone rigorous scientific testing. The lack of
2.Holistic Approach: Many traditional healing systems adopt a
standardized research may result in uncertainty regarding their safety and efficacy.
holistic approach to health, addressing the interconnectedness of 3.Risk of Toxicity: Some herbs can be toxic or interact negatively with
the body, mind, and spirit. Herbal remedies may offer a other medications. Without proper knowledge and guidance, there is a risk of adverse
comprehensive approach to wellness. reactions, especially when herbal remedies are used inappropriately or in excessive
3.Accessible and Affordable: In many regions, especially in amounts.
developing countries, herbal medicines are more accessible and 4.Misidentification of Plants: The misidentification of plants can occur, leading to the
affordable than modern pharmaceuticals. This makes them a use of the wrong herb or plant part. This can result in ineffective treatment or, in
primary healthcare option for a significant portion of the global some cases, toxicity.
population. 5.Delayed Treatment: Relying solely on herbal remedies may lead to delays in seeking
4.Biodiversity Conservation: Traditional herbal knowledge often conventional medical treatment for serious or acute conditions. This delay can have
serious consequences for certain health issues that require immediate attention.
involves sustainable harvesting practices, contributing to the
6.Cultural and Ethical Concerns: The commercialization of traditional herbal medicines
conservation of biodiversity. Indigenous communities may have a
may raise concerns about cultural appropriation and the ethical sourcing of medicinal
deep connection with their local ecosystems. plants. It is crucial to respect the intellectual property rights and cultural practices of
5.Preventive Healthcare: Herbal remedies are often used for indigenous communities.
preventive healthcare, with certain herbs believed to boost the 7.Interactions with Conventional Medications: Herbal remedies can interact with
immune system and promote overall well-being. Regular use may pharmaceutical drugs, affecting their efficacy or causing adverse reactions. It's
help prevent certain illnesses. essential to consider potential interactions, especially when combining herbal
6.Drug Discovery Source: Many modern pharmaceuticals have medicines with prescribed medications.
roots in traditional herbal medicines. Research on traditional 8.Lack of Regulation: In some regions, traditional herbal medicines may not be subject
remedies can lead to the identification of bioactive compounds that to stringent regulatory controls. This can lead to the availability of products that are
form the basis for developing new drugs. contaminated, adulterated, or of poor quality.
9.Inconsistent Dosages: The dosages of active ingredients in herbal remedies may
7.Community Support: Traditional healers often play a significant
vary significantly. Without standardized dosages, it becomes challenging to determine
role in communities, providing not only herbal remedies but also
the appropriate amount for therapeutic effects.
emotional support, guidance, and reinforcing cultural values. 10.Loss of Traditional Knowledge: As societies modernize, there is a risk of losing
8.Global Interest and Research: There is growing global interest in traditional knowledge related to herbal medicines. The younger generations may not
traditional herbal medicines, leading to increased research on have the same level of expertise as their predecessors, leading to a decline in the use
their efficacy and safety. This research contributes to a better of traditional remedies.
understanding of the potential benefits of herbal remedies.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) *

Origin and Developing Nation: China, Thousands of years

ago.

Characteristics of Theory or Application:

• TCM is based on Yinyang and Wuxing concepts.
• A TCM formula includes a group of various drugs
that function together congenially to achieve a
synergistic effect.
• A classic formula is composed of four elements:
monarch, minister, assistant, and servant according
to their roles in the formula.

Modern Research:
• The pharmacology of TCM has made great
advancements.
• In recent decades, many TCM active compounds and
compound-based therapeutics have been
discovered.
• Great efforts have been made to reveal the
underlying molecular mechanisms of TCM.

* Yuan, H., Ma, Q., Li, Y., & Piao, G. (2016, April 29). The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050559
Chinese medicine, often referred to as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is a comprehensive system of healthcare that
has evolved over thousands of years. It encompasses a range of practices, including herbal medicine, acupuncture,
massage (Tui Na), dietary therapy, and exercises such as Tai Chi and Qigong.
Here are key components and concepts associated with Chinese medicine:

• Qi (Chi) and Yin-Yang Balance

• Five Elements (Wu Xing)
• Meridians and Acupuncture
• Herbal Medicine
• Tui Na (Chinese Massage) and Cupping
• Dietary Therapy
• Tai Chi and Qigong
Qi (Chi): Central to Chinese medicine is the concept of Qi, often described as the vital energy or life force that flows through the
body's meridians or energy pathways (which is a wind that moves through meridians carrying nerve impulses). Maintaining a
harmonious flow of Qi is essential for good health.

According to TCM, qi is responsible for all body functions, from the heart's beating to the movement of the muscles. It's also the
motivating force of human physiological processes and mental activities.
Qi is produced by the body's organs and circulates through the body in the blood. It's believed to flow through the body in channels
called meridians.
Qi has two main branches: the vital energy and fluids of the body, as well as the physical environment we take into our bodies such as
food, air, and water.

Qi is divided into four types:

Innate Qi: (Yuan Qi, roots in the kidneys)
Breathing Qi: (Zong Qi, stored in the lungs)
Nurturing Qi: (Yingqi, produced in the stomach and spleen)
Guarding Qi: (Wei Qi, body surface)

Functions of Qi:
• Actuation: Maintains the life energy that the body needs to grow and
develop
• Holding: Holds blood and body fluids in the right place
• Transporting: Transports blood and body fluids around the body
• Warming: Warms and nourishes tissues
• Defence: Builds up resistance against disease
• Meridians and Organs:
• TCM identifies specific meridians or channels associated with each
organ. For example, the Liver meridian is associated with the Liver
organ, the Heart meridian with the Heart organ, and so on.
• Imbalances in Qi flow along these meridians are considered when
assessing a person's health.
• Qi Stagnation, Deficiency, or Excess:
• TCM recognizes different patterns of imbalance in the flow of Qi.
Common patterns include Qi stagnation, Qi deficiency, and Qi excess.
• Qi stagnation refers to a blockage or slow movement of Qi, while Qi
deficiency involves a lack of Qi, and Qi excess involves an
accumulation or excessive flow of Qi.
• Organ Systems and Patterns:
• TCM looks at patterns of disharmony rather than isolated organ
imbalances. For instance, a TCM diagnosis might involve identifying
patterns such as Liver Qi stagnation, Spleen Qi deficiency, or Kidney
Yin deficiency.
• These patterns take into account not only the specific organs but also
the relationships among organs, meridians, and the overall balance of
Yin and Yang.
• Diagnostic Methods:
• TCM practitioners use various diagnostic methods, including
observing the patient, asking about symptoms, feeling the pulse, and
examining the tongue.
• The pulse and tongue diagnosis, in particular, provide insights into the
flow and quality of Qi, helping practitioners understand the overall
balance of the body.
• Treatment Approaches:
• TCM treatments aim to restore the balance of Qi by using methods
such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietary therapy, and lifestyle
recommendations.
• Acupuncture, for example, is believed to influence the flow of Qi along
the meridians, promoting balance and harmony.
Yin and Yang: The philosophy of Yin and Yang represents the dynamic balance of opposites in the universe. In the body, Yin and Yang are
related to the balance of opposing forces, such as cold and hot, rest and activity, and internal and external.

• Yin and Yang are opposites that complement and define each other. They are interdependent and in a constant state of dynamic
equilibrium.
• Yin is associated with qualities such as darkness, passivity, receptivity, cold, and substance.
Yin/Zang organs(solid) - Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney
• Yang is associated with qualities such as light, activity, assertiveness, heat, and function.
Yang/ fu organs(hollow) - Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Gall Bladder, Urinary Bladder, Stomach

Each zang is paired with a fu, and each pair is assigned to one of the wuxing. The zangfu are also connected to the twelve standard
meridians – each yang meridian is attached to a fu organ and each yin meridian is attached to a zang. They are five systems of Heart,
Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney (the 5 elements).

The zang organs' essential functions consist in manufacturing and storing qi and blood (and, in the case of the Kidney, essence). The
hollow fu organs' main purpose is to transmit and digest.
Each zang has a corresponding "orifice" it "opens" into. This means the functional entity of a given zang includes the corresponding
orifice's functions (e.g. blurry vision is primarily seen as a dysfunction of the Liver zang because the Liver channel "opens" into the
eyes).

EXAMPLE: Organ - Lung (Yin/Zang organ)

The function of the Lung is to disperse and descend qi throughout the body. It receives qi through the breath, and exhales the waste
and helps the peristaltic action of the gastrointestinal tract. The Lung governs the skin and hair and also governs the exterior (one
part of immunity) and the closing of the skin pores. A properly functioning Lung organ will ensure the skin and hair are of good
quality and that the immune system is strong and able to fight disease. The normal direction of the Lung is defending, when Lung qi
"rebels" it goes upwards, causing coughing and wheezing. When the Lung is weak, there can be skin conditions such as eczema, thin
or brittle hair, and a propensity to catching colds and flu. The Lung is weakened by dryness and the emotion of grief or sadness.
Yin And Yang Foods:
Foods in
healing
specific
organs:

Yin and Yang emotions:

Yin yang Application in Pathological Changes of Chinese Medicine. (n.d.). http://www.shen-nong.com/eng/principles/applicationyingyang-pathological.html
Five Elements (Wu Xing):
Chinese medicine categorizes the world and the body into five elements: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. Each element is associated with
specific organs, tissues, emotions, and qualities. Understanding the relationships among these elements helps diagnose and treat
imbalances.

Imbalance of various elements:

The Five Elements are interconnected through various interacting cycles.

In the Generating Cycle - when every element generates another element, there is harmony:
•fire (heart) creates earth (promotes healthy spleen/digestion)
•earth (stomach) produces metal (supports the lungs)
•metal (lungs) melts into liquid/water (supports the kidneys)
•water (kidney)) nourishes wood (supports liver function)
•wood (liver) generates fire (regulates the heart)

In the Controlling Cycle - when elements keeps other element in check so it does not become excessive:
•the right amount of water (kidney) helps keep fire under control (heart).
•the right amount of fire (heart) refines and creates metal (skin & lung).
•the right amount of metal (lung) maintains wood (liver).
•the right amount of wood (liver) can help earth stay intact (stomach).
•the right amount of earth (stomach) absorbs excess water (kidney).

Generating and Controlling cycles work together as a self regulating system that keeps things in balance.
An example of balance: Wood generates fire, which generates earth, At the same time wood controls earth, which at the same time generates
metal, which controls wood.

Imbalance occurs when there is deficiency or an excess of another element. Called the 'Abnormal' Generating Cycle - for example when wood
becomes so weak and cannot maintain the fire, it gets extinguished. Or, if the fire flares up into a huge bonfire, the wood gets destroyed.

'Over Controlling' Cycles can also cause imbalance. For example when wood is in excess, it can over control and repress earth, creating earth
related symptoms such as nausea, weak digestion and tiredness

In the 'Insulting' Cycle, when the control goes in the opposite direction, the element becomes destructive. For example when fire goes out of
control it can dry out water, causing water related symptoms such as bladder infections and night sweats.
Maintaining a proper balance in life can help maintain a proper balance in the Five Elements preventing a lot of health issues.
DIAGNOSIS IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE:

Four Examinations (四診 - Sì Zhěn):

Pulse Diagnosis (脈診 - Mài Zhěn): Eight Principles (八綱 - Bā Gāng):
TCM diagnosis traditionally involves four main
examinations: Pulse diagnosis is a central component of The Eight Principles are used to categorize
• Observation ( 望 診 - Wàng Zhěn): The TCM. Practitioners assess the quality, patterns of disharmony based on the
practitioner observes the patient's overall strength, and rhythm of the pulses in qualities of Cold/Heat, Interior/Exterior,
appearance, including complexion, different positions on the wrists. The pulse Deficiency/Excess, and Yin/Yang. This
posture, and behavior. This examination is considered an extension of the framework helps guide treatment strategies.
provides insights into the person's vitality, meridians and organs, providing
emotional state, and potential imbalances. information about the state of Qi and
Blood. Five Elements (五行 - Wǔ Xíng):
• Listening and Smelling (聞診 - Wén Zhěn): The Five Elements theory categorizes the
The practitioner listens to the patient's body's organs and tissues into Wood, Fire,
voice, breathing, and cough, and may Tongue Diagnosis (舌診 - Shé Zhěn):
Earth, Metal, and Water. Imbalances in these
inquire about the sense of smell. Changes The examination of the tongue is
elements are associated with specific patterns
in these aspects can reveal information another essential diagnostic tool in
of disharmony.
about internal organ function and TCM. Practitioners observe the tongue's
potential disharmonies. color, shape, coating, and moisture.
• Inquiry (問診 - Wèn Zhěn): This involves Different characteristics of the tongue
Palpation and Physical Examination:
asking the patient about their symptoms, are associated with specific patterns of
In addition to pulse palpation, practitioners
medical history, lifestyle, and other disharmony in the body.
may use physical examination techniques,
relevant information. Practitioners pay such as abdominal palpation, to assess the
attention to details such as the onset, condition of internal organs and meridians.
nature, and progression of symptoms, as Pattern Differentiation (辨證 - Biàn Zhèng):
well as emotional factors. TCM practitioners aim to identify patterns of
• Palpation ( 切 診 - Qiè Zhěn): The disharmony or imbalance rather than Seasonal and Environmental Considerations:
practitioner uses palpation techniques, focusing on individual symptoms or TCM diagnosis takes into account the influence
including feeling the pulse and examining diseases. Patterns include Yin-Yang of seasonal and environmental factors on
the tongue, to gather more information imbalances, the Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, health. Practitioners consider how external
about the state of Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang Heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire), and the elements may affect the body and contribute
in the body. imbalance of the Five Elements. to imbalances.
Treatment in TCM:

Acupuncture: Herbal Medicine: Tui Na (Chinese Dietary Therapy:

Meridians are pathways in Chinese herbal medicine Massage) and Cupping: Chinese medicine
the body through which Qi uses a vast array of plant, Tui Na is a form of emphasizes the
flows. Acupuncture animal, and mineral Chinese therapeutic importance of diet in
involves inserting thin substances to address massage that involves maintaining health. Foods
needles into specific imbalances in the body. manipulation of the are classified based on
points along these Herbal formulas are muscles and acupoints. their energetic properties
meridians to stimulate or tailored to the individual's Cupping therapy uses (cooling, warming) and
balance the flow of Qi. specific constitution and suction cups to create a their impact on the body's
Acupuncture is used to symptoms. Common herbs vacuum on the skin, balance. Dietary
treat a variety of include ginseng, promoting blood flow and recommendations are
conditions and is often astragalus, and licorice. easing muscle tension. tailored to individual
employed for pain needs.
management.

Tai Chi and Qigong: Preventive Healthcare:

These are mind-body exercises Chinese medicine places a
that focus on breath control, strong emphasis on preventive
meditation, and slow, flowing healthcare, encouraging
movements. Tai Chi and Qigong individuals to maintain balance
are believed to promote the in their lifestyle, diet, and
smooth flow of Qi, improve emotions to prevent the
balance, and enhance overall development of illness.
well-being.
HERBAL FORMULA is often composed of four main components, each serving a specific role in the therapeutic
action of the formula. These components are commonly referred to as the "Fourfold Classification" or "Four
Components." The four elements are:

1.Monarch (君 - Jūn):
The monarch is the primary or principal herb in the formula. It typically addresses the main pattern or
underlying condition that the formula is designed to treat. The monarch herb is chosen based on its specific
therapeutic actions and functions related to the primary diagnosis.
2.Minister (臣 - Chén):
The minister herbs support and assist the action of the monarch. They may have complementary functions that
enhance the therapeutic effects of the monarch herb or address secondary patterns. Ministers help to
strengthen the formula's overall effectiveness and balance.
3.Assistant (佐 - Zuǒ):
Assistant herbs assist both the monarch and minister herbs. They may have specific functions, such as
moderating or directing the effects of the formula, harmonizing its actions, or addressing additional symptoms
or imbalances. Assistants contribute to the synergy and balance of the formula.
4.Servant (使 - Shǐ):
The servant herbs play a supporting role, enhancing the effects of the other components and sometimes
moderating potential side effects. They are included to facilitate the delivery of the formula and ensure its overall
safety and effectiveness.
THANK YOU
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND
NUTRITION

Role of traditional herbal

medicine in healing –
Indian Medicine
SUBMITTED TO – DR. Ritu
Pradhan
SUBMITTED BY – Shriya Sharma
ROLL NO.- 605/22
MSC Food and Nutrition
2nd Year 4th Semester
 INTRODUCTION
Traditional herbal medicine plays a vital role in Indian
healing practices, primarily through Ayurveda. This system
emphasize a holistic approach, focusing on balancing
mind, body, and spirit. Herbs like neem, turmeric, and
ashwaganda are widely used for their therapeutic
properties. The introduction of traditional herbal medicine
in India dates back to ancient texts like Charaka Samhita
and Sushruta Samhita, shaping the foundation of Ayurveda.
Today, a growing appreciation for natural remedies and
holistic health has sustained the prominence of traditional
herbal medicine in India.
HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL
INDIAN MEDICINE
Traditional Indian medicine has a rich history
dating back thousands of years. The roots lie in
the ancient system of medicine called
Ayurveda, which is considered one of the
oldest holistic healing system in the world. The
foundational texts of Ayurveda, like the
Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, were
composed around 600 BCE to 200 CE.
Ayurveda focuses on balancing the
three doshas — Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—
to maintain health and prevent
illnesses. Over centuries, Ayurveda
evolved, incorporating knowledge from
various sources and cultures. It also
influenced other traditional healing
systems in the Indian subcontinent, like
Siddha and Unani.
Throughout history, Indian medicinal
knowledge expanded with the
exchange of ideas along trade routes,
including the Silk Road. The use of
diverse herbs and minerals, yoga,
meditation, and dietary practices are
integral parts of traditional Indian
medicine, contributing to its holistic
and enduring nature.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AYURVEDA
INDIAN MEDICINES

➢ Holistic Approach: Ayurveda views health as a

harmonious balance of the body, mind, and
spirit. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of
various aspects of life and health.

➢ Doshas: The foundation of Ayurveda lies in

the concept of doshas—Vata, Pitta, and
Kapha—which represent the three
fundamental energies or bio-elements.
Balancing these doshas is crucial for well-
being.
➢ Individualized Treatment: Ayurvedic
medicine recognizes that each person is
unique. Treatment plans are tailored
based on an individual’s constitution
(Prakriti) and current state (Vikriti).

➢ Herbal Remedies: The use of medicinal

plants and herbs is central to Ayurveda.
Various herbs and formulations are
employed to balance doshas and treat
specific health issues.
➢ Detoxification (Panchakarma):
Ayurveda incorporates detoxification
processes to eliminate toxins from the
body. Panchakarma includes therapies
like oil massages, herbal enemas, and
nasal treatments.

➢ Yoga and Meditation: Physical

exercises, breathing techniques, and
meditation are integral to Ayurveda.
These practices are believed to enhance
overall well-being and balance the mind-
body connection.
➢ Dietary Guidelines: Ayurveda places
importance on proper nutrition. Dietary
recommendations are based on an
individual’s dosha balance, and the
emphasis is on maintaining a healthy
digestive system.

➢ Preventive Healthcare: Ayurveda not only

treats illnesses but also focuses on
preventive healthcare. Lifestyle choices and
dietary habits are considered crucial in
maintaining health.
➢ Influence on Other Healing Systems:
Ayurveda has influenced various traditional
medicine systems across the Indian
subcontinent, such as Siddha and Unani.

➢ Philosophical Foundation: Rooted in

ancient Indian philosophy, Ayurveda aligns
with concepts like dharma (righteous living)
and karma (action), emphasizing the
importance of living in harmony with
nature.
o According to Ayurveda, the causes
of illness are often attributed to
imbalances in the three doshas
(Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and
disruptions in the harmony of the
body, mind, and spirit. Some
common causes of illness in
Ayurveda include:
➢ Imbalance of Doshas: Disturbances or
excesses in Vata, Pitta, or Kapha can lead
to various health issues. Identifying and
restoring the balance of doshas is a key
aspect of Ayurvedic diagnosis and
treatment.

➢ Poor Digestion (Agni): Ayurveda

emphasizes the importance of a strong
digestive fire for overall health. Impaired
digestion can lead to the accumulation of
toxins and contribute to illness.
➢ Environmental Factors: Changes in
climate, seasons, and exposure to
extreme weather conditions can
influence dosha imbalances, impacting
health.

➢ Improper Diet and Lifestyle:

Unhealthy dietary habits,
inappropriate lifestyle choices, and lack
of routine can disrupt the equilibrium
of doshas, leading to various health
disorders.
➢ Suppression of Natural Urges:
Ignoring or suppressing natural urges,
such as urination, bowel movements,
or sneezing, is believed to contribute
to imbalances and illness in Ayurveda.

➢ Emotional Factors: Ayurveda

recognizes the impact of emotions on
health. Stress, anxiety, and negative
emotions can disturb the balance of
doshas and contribute to disease.
 o ROLE OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN
MEDICINES

The role of traditional Indian medicine

extends beyond treating illnesses; it
encompasses a lifestyle that promotes
balance, harmony, and a deep connection
to nature. As interest in holistic and
natural healing grows globally, traditional
Indian medicine continues to contribute to
diverse healthcare options.
 o Traditional Indian medicine,
primarily represented by
Ayurveda, plays a crucial role in
healthcare and well-being in
several ways:

➢ Holistic Approach: Traditional Indian

medicine takes a holistic approach,
considering the interconnectedness of the
body, mind, and spirit. It addresses the
root cause of ailments rather than merely
treating symptoms.
➢ Preventive Healthcare: Ayurveda emphasizes
preventive measures to maintain good health.
Dietary guidelines, lifestyle recommendations,
and practices like yoga and meditation aim to
prevent diseases and promote overall well-being.

➢ Individualized Treatment: Traditional Indian

medicine recognizes the uniqueness of each
individual. Diagnosis and treatment plans are
personalized based on an individual’s constitution
(Prakriti), current state (Vikriti), and specific
health needs.
➢ Herbal Remedies: The use of medicinal
plants and herbs is a cornerstone of
traditional Indian medicine. Herbal
formulations are believed to have
therapeutic properties that can address
a wide range of health issues.

➢ Mind-Body Connection: Traditional

Indian medicine acknowledges the
profound influence of mental well-being
on physical health. Practices like
meditation and yoga are integrated to
balance the mind and body.
 ALTERNATİVE MEDICINE
AND NUTRITION

Role of traditional Herbal

medicine in healing –
Japanese Medicine
 INTRODUCTION
➢ According to WHO,
➢ Traditional medicine (TM): Traditional medicine has a long
history. It is the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and
practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences
indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not,
used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention,
diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental
illness.
➢ Complementary medicine (CM): The terms “complementary
medicine” or “alternative medicine” refer to a broad set of
health care practices that are not part of that country’s own
tradition or conventional medicine and are not fully integrated
into the dominant health-care system. They are used
interchangeably with traditional medicine in some countries.
 HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL
JAPANESE MEDICINE

➢ Traditional Japanese medicine has been used for 1500

years and includes Kampo, acupuncture and
acupressure (Shiatsu).
➢ The word ‘Kampo’ (also written ‘Kanpo’) refers to the
herbal system used in China that developed during the
Han dynasty (between 206 BC and AD 220); today the
word is also used to describe a unique system of
Japanese herbal medicine.
➢ Kampo is widely practiced in Japan, where it is fully
integrated into the modern health-care system.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPANESE
KAMPO MEDICINE

➢ Today in Japan, prescription of Kampo formulae is limited to

medical doctors. Kampo medicine is now included in educational
programs for medical students. Physicians with profound
understanding of both conventional and Kampo medicine
diagnose and treat patients from the two different approaches,
bringing significant benefit to patients.
➢ In Japan, 148 Kampo extract formulations are used for medicinal
purposes and are covered by national health insurance.
➢ Since Japanese manufacturers first successfully developed
herbal extract formulations in the 1960s, they have been
working at the forefront of quality and safety control.
➢ One of the characteristics of the Japanese Kampo
medical system is its emphasis on clinical findings
from the patient’s body surface, especially
changes in the abdominal region. Abdominal
diagnosis was developed into a reproducible
diagnostic system in the 18th century by Yoshimasu
Todo, a Japanese Kampo master.
➢ In recent years, a lot of research has been
conducted by the members of academic
organizations related to Kampo medicine. Much
effort has been put into clinical research to
generate high-quality evidence as well as the basic
researches for action mechanisms of Kampo
medicines and their efficacy.
 ZHENG AND SHO
➢ ‘Sho’ and ‘Zheng’ in Japanese and Chinese are derived
from the same word, but over time they have come to
acquire different meanings.
➢ The disease, the symptom and the syndrome are the
basic ideas of TCM. The meanings of ‘disease’ and
‘symptom’ are similar to those in Western medicine.
➢ Zheng, which can generally be translated as ‘syndrome’,
is the basic unit and the key term in TCM theory, with a
unique meaning. Zheng is the clinical outcome of the
disease at any moment, and it generally encompasses the
etiology, pathology and disease location. After analyzing
the patient’s history and all the symptoms and signs,
doctors using TCM recognize not only the disease, but
also the more important Zheng. The same disease may
have many different Zheng because of differences in
symptoms and signs at different stages of the disease.
➢ The concept of ‘Sho’ comes from the Zheng of TCM, but is
simpler because of the simplified Kampo theory.
➢ Sho is the patient’s symptoms at any moment, recognized
in terms of Qi (well-being, energy, illness, vigor), Blood
and Water; the eight categories (Yin–Yang, hypofunction
and hyperfunction, heat and cold, superficies and
interior); the five parenchymatous viscera; and the six
stages of the disease (Taiyang, Shaoyang, Yangming,
Taiyin, Shaoyin, Jueyin).
➢ Sho is broadly defined as Kampo diagnosis in the epistemic
framework of the Kampo view of illness, and provides
information on which to base the treatment.
➢ Recently there has been a trend to name the Sho in terms
of a formula, such as ‘Kakkonto Sho’, which denotes
treatment of the patient’s symptoms with Kakkonto (a
Japanese herbal medicine, which is frequently used to
treat the common cold).
 CAUSES OF
ILLNESS
➢ Disease in Kampo medicine is the disorder of harmony of
spirit and body.
➢ The living body has physiological functions to maintain
the homeostasis of the organism against the changes of
internal and external environment. This function is
called Shoki or healthy Ki.
➢ Shoki is a function which would defend the body against
disease and would induce natural healing ability, where
the natural healing ability would seek for the harmony
of Ki, Ketsu and Sui (vital energy, blood circulation and
aqua).
➢ Endogenous factor means that the cause of disease comes
from the inside of body. It may be common emotions of
human beings. It is a physiological phenomenon and may be
quintessential in life. However, it can cause abnormality in
the functions of internal organs, when mental stress persists
or when a sudden strong shock hits us, because it would
collapse the balance of Yin, Yang, Ki and Ketsu on such
occasions. It is called the Seven Emotions –joy, anger,
anxiety, worry, grief, apprehension and fear.
➢ Exogenous factor means that ja invades the body from
outside. Diseases occur influenced by the mental or physical
changes when the body cannot accept the natural
environment such as pathogens, severe natural environment
and sudden climate changes. It is called the Six Pathogenic
Agents - wind, cold, heat, humidity, dryness and fire (fever).
These are other factors, which would cause diseases due to
other causes such as inadequate eating-drinking, fatigue,
overwork, injury, poisoning, parasite and heredity.
 CONCEPT OF KI, KETSU,
OKETSU, AND SUI

The concept of Ki (vital

energy), Ketsu
(blood/blood circulatory
function) and Sui (aqua)
is the fundamental
concept to understand
the Kampo medicine. Ki
indicates yang and Ketsu
and Sui indicate yin.
Patients reversibly show
Jitsu-Sho (excessive) and
Kyo-Sho (deficiency).
➢ Ki (the vital energy)
❑ It is the source of energy of the entire biological activities and it circulates
blood and bodily fluid in the whole body. Therefore, the inhibition of the
workings of Ki would inhibit the workings of Ketsu (blood circulation) and Sui
(bodily liquid) and thus a disease would occur.
❑ Ki belongs to yang. When these elements are excessively active, it is called
Jitsu or excess and is called Kyo or deficiency when these are deficient.
Excessive Ki is called Ki-Gyaku (ki-Jitsu) or hyperactive ki. It is called Ki-Tai
when stagnated due to over excess, while Ki-Kyo when under
hypersecretion.
➢ Ketsu, Blood circulation
❑ Blood circulates through the body and supplies nutrition to the five
parenchymatous viscera (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) and the six
hollow viscera [gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, urinary
bladder and triple heater.
❑ Ki and ketsu are interdependent each other –Ki warms up the body in Yang
and ketsu nourishes the body in Yin. There are three states of Ketsu, namely,
Ketsu-Netsu (Ketsu-Jitsu) (blood-heat), Oketsu (Ketsu-Tai) (blood stagnation)
and Ketsu-Kyo (blood deficiency).
❑ Symptoms of blood-heat shows hematemesis, bloody stools, nose
bleeds, for example and shows bleeding from tissue, constipation and
yellowish urine.
❑ When heated blood (ketsu-netsu) goes up to the upper body, it causes
not only oketsu (blood stagnation) but also affects emotions such as
irritation.
❑ Blood deficiency is the decay of the recuperation ability of blood. It
causes so-called anaemia but also shows other dysfunction such as
anorexia and weakening of digestion and absorption and these are
governed by Ki. Blood will not circulate the body if Ki is insufficient to
operate the blood vessels. This Ki in each part of the body is called Ei-
ki or Yin-energy.
❑ Ki initiates functions of each organ of the body. Ketsu belong to Yin
❑ Sansho (triple heater), one of the 12 main acupuncture channels in the
body, responsible for moving energy between the upper body and the
lower body.
➢ Oketsu
❑ Pathological condition of Oketsu (blood stagnation) is expressed in a
unique way to Kampo medicine and it is the most important concept.
❑ In the modern medicine, it is perhaps more commonly understood as one
of the syndromes of disability of microcirculation mechanism. However,
Kampo medicine does not simply diagnose the symptoms but it considers
important to identify the pathological condition which caused the
symptom and the following are considered the pathogenic Sho of Oketsu
such as the changes in the blood vessels due to inflammation,
accentuation of blood coagulation factors, blood congestion,
polycythaemia, menstruation, pregnancy or child-delivery.
❑ When the following symptoms are observed, we diagnose them Oketsu;
the patient feels mouth dryness and would moisten the mouth with water
but does not want to drink water; the patient feels stomach fullness
though the abdominal distension is not observed; burning fever is felt
locally or universally; purple spots appear on the skin or membrane;
purple spots are appearing on the skin or membrane; dark purple spots
appear on the edge of the tongue and lips are pale; stool is black; easy
bleeding. The endogenous factor is in imbalance of autonomic nerve and
the exogenous factor is coldness and bruise.
➢ Sui
❑ Sui is also called Shin-Eki.
❑ Shin is the relatively thin and pure fluids such as fluid component of blood,
tissue fluids, sweat and urine, while Eki is relatively thick and sticky fluids
among the intracellular and secretory fluids.
❑ Each shows Sho of Sui-Tai (Sui-Jitsu) and Sui-Kyo. Sui-tai means stagnation of
the body fluid. Unevenly distributed Sui or aqua causes a local oedema. When
it is linked with blood-heat, it becomes Tan-In-diseases and the fluid becomes
sticky phlegm. As the blood-heat is understood as the inflammatory blood, it
can appear when physical infection control is conducted.
❑ Ko-Katsu or mouth dryness is a symptom appearing when water is temporarily
exhausted due to insufficient intake of water. Fever, thirst and tongue dryness
are also systemically observed. It is called Sui-Kyo or aqua deficiency, which
occurs from the temporal water exhaustion and shows dehydration.
Xerostomia is a symptom of chronical insufficiency of water. Patients would
feel mouth dryness and appeal lip dryness and cracks but would not want to
drink water. It is mainly caused by the endogenous factors and systemically
showing Yin-Kyo or Yin-deficiency and is diagnosed as Oketsu-Sho. It also shows
the deterioration of kidney functions that is the symptom of deterioration of Ki
 KAMPO MEDICINE PATTERNS

➢ Kampo patterns were reconstructed logically according to the ICD

(International Classification of Diseases) principles, which are
both jointly exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Several
parameters are used for determining Kampo patterns: yin-yang,
deficiency-excess, cold heat, 6 stages of acute febrile diseases,
and qi-blood-fluid.
➢ Kampo patterns are determined for all patients according to the
flow charts shown. Patient conditions are divided into 2 groups:
acute febrile infectious conditions and chronic conditions. A 6-
stage pattern, based on Shang Han Lun, is used for describing
acute febrile infectious diseases like influenza. Qi-blood-fluid
patterns are mainly used for describing chronic diseases.
➢ Additionally, Kampo medicine was used extensively for acute febrile
infectious diseases before antibiotics were developed, where the
strength of the foreign pathogen was very important.
➢ Since the development of antibiotics, Kampo medicine has been used
more often for chronic diseases, in which the strength of the body
energy is more important.
➢ In the modern version of Kampo, the host condition is assigned a high
value, while the foreign pathogen is addressed by Western
biomedicine. Therefore, the host energy is of greater importance.
➢ The need thus arose for the option to designate the body energy level
as “neutral” rather than just “deficient” or “excessive.” This issue
was raised by Tokaku Wada (1743–1803), a physician in the Edo period.
His clinical wisdom was described in “Dosui Sagen” which was
published in 1805. In this book, “between deficiency and excess” was
described in the type of edema.
➢ For example, a patient with impaired glucose tolerance appears
normal according to the older Kampo designations, even though
Kampo medicine is indicated for this condition. In such cases, the
“neutral” designation enables acknowledgment of a condition that
lies between deficiency and excess.
 ROLE OF TRADITIONAL
JAPANESE MEDICINES

➢ Kampo medicines have been prescribed for patients with

various gastrointestinal tract disorders, who have symptoms
such as nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation,
and even along with Western medicine for improving
postoperative intestinal motility.
➢ Kampo medicine has been used for the cure and prevention
of urinary calculi for many years, but the effects and
mechanism of this use of Kampo medicines are unclear.
Gorinsan, which contains sanshishi and takusha, has been
used for the treatment of urolithiasis. Oxidative stress and
peritubular capillary injury are involved in the progression
of chronic kidney diseases.
➢ Kampo and/or traditional medicines have been used to treat
humans as a whole, but not to treat specific pathogenic targets,
because the strategy of treating disease is focused on the
improvement of the inherent human potential against disease. In
addition to clinically defined endpoint diseases, the so-called
“mibyou” condition, alternatively the sub healthy condition, is a
target of Kampo medicines. The mibyou, which is defined in
traditional Oriental medicine as the condition or state located
between health and disease, but closer to disease, is not
pathologically fully defined, but oxidative stress might be one of
its indications, because oxidative stress is a condition that leads to
many diagnosed diseases.
➢ Principally, Kampo medicine consists of formulas that are mixtures
of the crude extracts of several herbs, each of which contains
multiple components (Hayasaka et al., 2012). Thus, Kampo
medicines are composed of not only one drug, but are used in
combination with several other medicines depending on each
symptom.
 JAPANESE ACUPUNTURE

➢ Acupuncture is an age-old, East Asian form of treatment where

needles are inserted to specified points along meridian lines to
influence the restore balance to the flow of qi.
➢ Japanese acupuncture use finer needles for relaxation which are
inserted beneath the skin with a small tube for guidance.
➢ Touching is emphasized in the pre-exam of Japanese
acupuncture in order to determine proper needle insertion
points and treatment strategy.
➢ Acupuncturists study TCM and Western medicine for 3 years
giving them the skills to diagnose and treat patients in
different.
 Role of Japan Society for
Oriental Medicine (JSOM )

➢ Domestic Roles – It conducts activities like publishing and

internationalizing academic journals, standardizing educational
protocol, producing textbooks, training experts, establishing
evidence-based medicine, and establishing an ethics board. The
Japan Liaison of Oriental Medicine (JLOM) was established in 2005 to
address national issues which Kampo medicine is facing.
➢ International Roles – It works toward the standardization of
traditional medicine in the East Asia region in close coordination
with the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as JLOM, relevant
academic organizations, and the Ministry of Health, Labour and
Welfare.
Thank You
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
AND NUTRITION

Submitted by:
JASHANPREET KAUR
MSC FOOD AND NUTRITION 4th sem
ROLL NO. 608/22
 TOPIC
AWARENESS,CONTROL AND REGULATION ON
USE OF HERBAL MEDICINE
• Definition and classification of herbal medicinal
products
 Herbal Medicinal Products
• It is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which are a basis of traditional
medicine. With worldwide research into pharmacology, some herbal medicines have been
translated into modern remedies.

• A type of medicine that uses roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or seeds of plants to improve health,
prevent disease, and treat illness.

• Any medicinal product, exclusively containing as active ingredients one or more herbal
substances or one or more herbal preparations in combination with one or more herbal
preparations.

• Products made from botanicals, or plants, that are used to treat diseases or to maintain health are
called herbal products, botanical products, or phytomedicines. A product made from plants and
used solely for internal use is called an herbal supplement.
Many
. prescription drugs and over-the-counter medicines are also made from plant products, but these
products contain only purified ingredients and are regulated by the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration). Herbal Medicine may contain entire plants or plant parts.

Herbal medicine come in all forms: dried, chopped, powdered, capsule, or liquid, and can be used in
various ways, including:

Swallowed as pills, powders, or tinctures

Brewed as tea

Applied to the skin as gels, lotions, or creams

Added to bath water like Kadha

Classification
Herbal Medicine Products divides in two parts - Based on Property
Based on Region

1.BASED ON PROPERTY
It categorized in three category - Theoretical Herbs, Modern Herbs,
Empirical herbs
Category 1 - Theoretical Herbs - Herbs have been used for longer
duration And well documented with their special theories/ concepts
are accepted such as indian herbs and Chinese herbs

Category 2 - Modern Herbs - Herbs have been modify in their shape,

dosage form, methods of preparation, or medical indications.

Category - 3 Empirical Herbs - Herbs are historically and freely used

in local community or region.
, Based on Region - Indian herbology,
Chinese herbology
Arabic Herbology
Western Herbology
1. Indian Herbology - Oldest healthcare system in the world . namely known as Ayurveda
Ayurvedic preparations are typically based on complex herbal compounds, minerals, and metal substances
Ancient Ayurveda texts also taught surgical techniques, including rhinoplasty, kidney stone extractions,
sutures, and the extraction of foreign objects.
Plant-based treatments in Ayurveda may be derived from roots, leaves, fruits, bark, or seeds; some
examples of plant-based substances include cardamom and cinnamon.
Animal products used in Ayurveda include milk, bones. In addition, fats are prescribed both for
consumption and for external use.
Oils, medicines, gels, tablets etc came under in indian herbology.
 ,
 Chinese Herbology - Most influential herbal remedies in the
world .
some of examples are astragalus , kudzu , Panax ginseng , and
schizandra

• Western Herbology - It is used based on herbalists clinical

experience or intuition. The herbal Knowledge is preserved
by folk healers via oral tradition such as Europen and native
American herbs .
Some of examples are sage (Salvia officinalis) and rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis)
• Arabic Herbology - arabians adopted and improved the
ancient medicinal practices of Mesopataia, Greece, Rome,
Persia and India.
Some of examples are Anise, Black Cumin, Fennel Seed,
Frankincense , Licorice .
 Classification

.
Herbal medicinal plants
 USE OF HERAL MEDICINE PRODUCTS
• The major use of herbal medicines is for health promotion and
therapy for chronic, as opposed to life-threatening, conditions.
• boosting the immune system
• increasing energy
• losing weight
• enhancing mood
• improving sleep
• usage of traditional remedies increases when conventional
medicine is ineffective in the treatment of disease, such as in
advanced cancer and in the face of new infectious disease
 .

Thank You.
UNIT-II
AWARENESS, CONTROL AND
REGULATION ON USE OF
HERBAL MEDICINE

GOOD MANUFACTURING
PRACTICES AND
DOCUMENTATION OF QUALITY
SUBMITTED TO- DR. RITU PRADHAN
SUBMITTED BY- SHRUTI
M.SC FOODS AND NUTRITION 4TH SEMESTER
ROLL NO- 609/22
 INTRODUCTION
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
• GMP “is that part of quality assurance which ensures that product are consistently produced & controlled to the
quality standards appropriate to their intended use & as required by marketing authorization”(WHO 2004).
• GMP guidelines represent minimal standards that are necessary condition for marketing authorization. Drugs
are considered to be adulterated, if GMPs are not met. GMP standard are, however, only guidelines &
alternative processes & control mechanisms can be used under the condition that equivalent assurance is
attained.
• The objective of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Guidelines for Herbal Medicinal Products is to
ensure that products are consistently manufactured in conformance with quality standard. These guidelines are
concerned with all aspects of production and quality control of Herbal Medicinal Products.
• In India, at present, schedule T essentially describes the scope & statutory requirements under Drug &
Cosmetics Act for the manufacture of herbal medicinal products. This Schedule covers bare minimum
requirements for herbal drug manufacturing & quality control.
 IMPORTANCE OF GMP
• Unlike conventional pharmaceutical products, which are usually produced from synthetic materials by
means of reproducible manufacturing techniques and procedures, herbal medicines are mainly prepared
from materials of herbal origin, which are often obtained from varied geographical and/or commercial
sources.
• The procedures and techniques used in the manufacture and quality control of herbal medicines are
often substantially different from those employed for conventional pharmaceutical products.
• Because of the inherent complexity of naturally grown medicinal plants and the often variable nature of
cultivated ones, the examples of contamination with toxic medicinal plants and/ or plant parts and the
number and small quantity of defined active ingredients, the production and primary processing has a
direct influence on the quality of herbal medicines. For this reason, application of GMPs in the
manufacture of herbal medicines is an essential tool to assure their quality.
 HERBAL MEDICINE
• Herbal medicines must be now manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) to ensure the quality of
the finished product and also demonstrate safety.
• Herbal medicine have always played an important role in the primary healthcare in developing countries. This is
primarily because of the general belief that herbal drugs are without any side effects besides being cheap and
locally available.
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of herbal remedies throughout the world exceeds
that of the conventional drugs by two to three times. Herbal medicines have been widely utilized as effective
remedies for the prevention & treatment of multiple health conditions for centuries by almost every known
culture. There are four basic systems known for herbal medicines: Traditional Chinese, Traditional Indian
(Ayurvedic), Western, and Traditional Arab & therefore herbal medicines play an increasingly important role in
healthcare and their use at the hope of tackling diseases is widespread. In India, approximately 70% of modern
drug are discovered from natural resources and number of other synthetic analogues have been prepared from
prototype compounds isolated from plants.
COMPOSITION OF GMP
• Quality assurance in the manufacture of herbal medicine- The use of modern analytical techniques (especially
high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), mass spectrometry (MS) and atomic absorption (AA) to
characterize herbal medicines, quality assurance also requires the control of starting materials, storage and
processing.
• Sanitation & hygiene- Because of their origin, herbal materials may contain microbiological contaminants and to
reduce contamination in general, a high level of sanitation and hygiene during manufacture is necessary.
• Water supply to the manufacturing unit should be monitored, and Waste from the manufacturing unit should be
disposed of regularly so as to maintain a high standard of hygiene in the manufacturing area.
• Qualification and validation- Qualification of critical equipment, process validation and change control are
important in the production of herbal medicines with unknown therapeutically active constituents & reproducibility
of the production process is the main means for ensuring consistency of quality, efficacy and safety between batches.
• The written procedure should specify critical process steps and factors (such as extraction time, temperature and
solvent purity) and acceptance criteria, as well as the type of validation to be conducted and the number of process
runs.
• Complaints- The person responsible for handling complaints and deciding on the measures to be taken
have appropriate training and/or experience in the specific features of the quality control of herbal
medicines.
• Two types of complaints:
• 1. Product quality complaints
• 2. Adverse reaction/ events.
• Product quality complaints may be due to faulty manufacture, product defects or deterioration as well
as, adulteration of the herbal material. These complaints should be recorded in detail and the causes
thoroughly investigated.
• The second type of complaint, reports of any adverse reaction/event should be entered in a separate
register in accordance with national and international requirements.
• An investigation should be conducted to find out whether the adverse reaction is due to a quality
problem and whether it is a new observation.
• Product Recalls- The product recall procedure depends on national regulation & there should be standard operating
procedure for storage & disposal of recalled products in a secure segregated area, complying with the requirements.
• Contract production and analysis- The contract partner should have adequate premises and equipment for the
production of herbal medicines according to GMP.
• Technical aspects of the contract should be drawn up by competent persons who have knowledge of specific
characteristic of herbal medicines, including their production and quality control testing.
• Self-inspection- At least one member of the self-inspection team should possess a thorough knowledge of herbal
medicines.
• Training- The personnel should have adequate training related to herbal & records of training should be maintained
and periodic assessments of the effectiveness of training programmes should be made.
• Personal hygiene- Personnel entrusted with the handling of herbal materials, preparations and finished products
should be required to have a high degree of personal hygiene and there should be training programs & their record.
• Personnel must be protected from contact with toxic irritants and potentially allergenic plant materials by means of
adequate protective clothing.
• They should wear suitable gloves, caps, masks, work suits and shoes throughout the whole procedure
of manufacture.
• Premises- Premises should be designed, located, constructed, adapted and maintained to suit the
operations to be carried out.
1) Storage areas
• Storage areas should be well organized with special attention should be paid to cleanliness and
maintenance.
• Incoming fresh herbal materials should be stored between 2 °C and 8 °C, whereas frozen materials
should be stored below –18 °C.
• Herbal materials including raw herbal material should be kept in dry area & should be processed on
“first in, first out” (FIFO) basis.
2) Production areas
• There should be dedicated areas for production of herbal medicines & if it is not feasible, campaign
manufacturing should be adopted.
• To facilitate cleaning and to avoid cross contamination, adequate precautions should be taken during
the sampling, weighing, mixing and processing of medicinal plants, e.g. by use of dust extraction and
air-handling systems.
• Equipment- Processing of herbal materials may generate dust or microbiological contamination so effective
cleaning of the equipment is important.
• Vacuum or wet-cleaning methods are preferred.
• As a rule non wooden equipment should be used unless it is a requirement of traditional method of
manufacture, where it is necessary to use traditional equipment (such as wooden implements, clay pots,
pallets, hoppers, etc.), this should be dedicated.
• Materials- All incoming herbal materials should be quarantined and stored under appropriate condition.
Reference samples & standards
• The reference standard for a herbal medicine may be a botanical sample.
• All reference standard should be stored under appropriate condition & their expiry date should be determined
and indicated.
• Documentation-
• General Principles
• Its aims are to define the specifications and procedures for all materials and methods of manufacture
and control & to ensure that all personnel concerned with manufacture know what to do and when to do
it.
• It ensures the availability of the data needed for validation, review and statistical analysis.
• Specification for starting material
• 1) Herbal materials Specifications for herbal materials should include the following information as
appropriate:
• The family and botanical name of the plant used.
• Details of the source of the plant.
• A description of the plant material based on visual (macroscopic) and microscopic examination.
• Suitable identity tests including such as TLC or other chromatographic fingerprint for known active
ingredient. A reference sample should be available for identification purposes.
• Limit tests such as dry residue of liquids, ash value, water-soluble extractives, moisture/water content and loss
on drying.
• If starting materials are official in any pharmacopeia, reference to that pharmacopeia should be made & if
starting material is comprises of genetically modified organism, it should comply with national or
international regulations & label should indicate this information.
• Finished herbal products
• The control tests and specifications for the finished herbal product should be such as to allow the qualitative
and quantitative determination of the main active constituents.
• Processing instructions.
• The processing instructions should describe the different operations to performed on the plant material, such
as drying, crushing, milling and sifting & also include the time , temperatures required in the drying process,
and the methods to be used to control fragment or particle size.
• If the plant should be processed fresh, without drying, the reasons and criteria determining the use of fresh
material should be stated.
• For the production of processed extracts, the instructions should specify details of any vehicle, the
durations and temperatures needed for extraction, and any concentration stages and methods that may
be required.
• Any treatment, such as fumigation, used to reduce fungal or microbiological contamination and steps of
blending should be documented.
• Good practices in quality control-
• General
• The quality control of the herbal material, preparations and finished herbal products should have the
necessary expertise to carry out identification tests and recognize adulteration, & establish their quality,
but does not imply the control of every single constituent.
• Sampling
• Because herbal materials are different parts of the same plant and thus have an element of
heterogeneity, sampling should be carried out with special care by personnel with the necessary
expertise.
• Testing
• The identity and quality of herbal material, herbal preparations and of finished herbal products should be
tested as described :
• There should be adequate facilities for testing of herbal materials & medicines.
• Herbal material, herbal preparations and finished herbal products can be categorized as follows:
• a. The active constituents are identified, and may be quantified as such;
• b. The former are not identified and/or not quantifiable, but marker substances can be quantified.
• Identification methods may be based on:
• Physical and macroscopic
• Chromatographic procedures (TLC, HPLC, HPTLC or gas–liquid chromatography (GLC)), spectrometric
techniques (UV-VIS), IR, nuclear magnetic resonance.
• Where active constituents cannot be quantified, characteristic chromatograms and/or fingerprint
chromatograms may be applicable.
• Stability studies
• If the expiry date for a herbal material or herbal preparation is given, some stability data to support the
proposed shelf-life under the specified storage conditions should be available.
• The fingerprint methods used for the stability studies.
• Normally the first three production batches should be included in the stability-monitoring programme
to confirm the expiry date.
• Packaging materials and labeling
• All packaging materials, such as bottles, container & closure should be thoroughly cleaned & dried &
stored properly.
• There should be adequate information on the label to inform the users of the composition of the
product, indications or actions, directions for use, cautions and adverse reactions if any, and the expiry
date.
• The qualitative and quantitative particulars of the active ingredients in herbal materials and preparations
should be expressed in the following ways:
• For herbal materials and preparations consisting powdered herbal materials: The quantity of the herbal
material must be stated or, if constituents with known therapeutic activity are unidentified, the quantity of
the herbal material/herbal preparation should be stated.
• Herbal products are generally considered as adulterated drugs but manufacturing as per GMP guidelines
will definitely improve the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal products.
THANK
YOU!!!
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
AND NUTRITION
Ayurvedic concept of -Diet in ayurveda

Submitted by- Aaina Kaushal

M.Sc. Foods and Nutrition
610/22
Alternative medicine
• Alternative medicine encompasses various practices outside
conventional healthcare, often focusing on holistic approaches and
natural remedies.
• Practices includes acupuncture, herbal medicine, chiropractic care,
and more. Nutrition, on the other hand, involves the study of dietary
intake’s impact on health.
• Integrating alternative medicine with proper nutrition aims to
promote overall well-being, considering the connection between
lifestyle, diet, and health outcomes. It’s essential to approach these
practices with informed decisions and consultation with healthcare
professionals.
AYURVEDA
• Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine that originated in ancient
India. It focuses on balancing the body, mind, and spirit to promote
overall health and well-being. Ayurvedic principles involve
personalized approaches to diet, lifestyle, and herbal remedies based
on an individual's unique constitution or dosha.
• Ayurveda, often referred to as the "science of life," has its roots in
ancient Vedic texts and is considered one of the world's oldest holistic
healing systems. Here are some key aspects:
• Doshas: Ayurveda categorizes individuals into three doshas – Vata, Pitta,
and Kapha – representing different combinations of the five elements
(earth, water, fire, air, and ether). Balancing these doshas is crucial for
maintaining good health.
• Prakriti and Vikriti: Prakriti refers to one's inherent constitution, while
Vikriti represents the current state of imbalance. Ayurvedic practitioners
assess both to tailor recommendations for diet, lifestyle, and
treatments.
• Diet and Nutrition: Ayurveda places significant emphasis on food
choices. Different doshas are associated with specific tastes, and
balancing these tastes in one's diet is thought to promote harmony
within the body.
• Herbal Medicine: Ayurveda utilizes a wide range of herbs and natural
substances for therapeutic purposes. These are often combined into
formulations to address specific health concerns.
• Yoga and Meditation: Physical exercises, yoga, and meditation are
integral parts of Ayurveda. They are considered essential for maintaining
physical and mental balance.
• Panchakarma: This is a detoxification process in Ayurveda involving
therapies like massage, herbal steam, and cleansing techniques to
eliminate toxins and restore balance.
• Seasonal Routines: Ayurveda recognizes the influence of seasons on
health and advises adjusting lifestyle practices accordingly. This includes
variations in diet, sleep patterns, and daily routines.
• It's important to note that while Ayurveda has gained popularity
worldwide, individuals should consult qualified practitioners to ensure
personalized and safe application of its principles. it's important to note
that its effectiveness is a subject of ongoing research, and individuals
should consult healthcare professionals before making significant health-
related decisions.
• Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that originated in India over
5,000 years ago. It focuses on achieving balance and harmony in the
body, mind, and spirit to promote overall well-being.
• Ayurvedic principles are based on the belief that each individual is
unique, and their health is influenced by a combination of three
doshas: Vata (air and space), Pitta (fire and water), and Kapha (earth
and water).Ayurvedic treatments often involve herbal remedies, dietary
guidelines, yoga, meditation, and lifestyle practices tailored to an
individual's dosha composition.
• The goal is to prevent illness, maintain health, and address imbalances
through personalized approaches.While Ayurveda has gained popularity
globally, it's important to note that its effectiveness is a subject of
ongoing research, and individuals should consult healthcare
professionals before making significant health-related decisions.
ROLE OF DIET IN AYURVEDA
• In Ayurveda, which is an ancient system of medicine that originated in
India, diet plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing
diseases. The primary goal of Ayurvedic nutrition is to balance the three
doshas – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha – which are considered fundamental
energies or forces in the body.
• Here are some key principles and aspects regarding the role of diet in
Ayurveda:
• Individualized Approach: Ayurveda recognizes that each person is unique,
and there is no one-size-fits-all diet. The constitution of an individual,
known as Prakriti, is determined by the predominance of the doshas. Based
on one's Prakriti, an Ayurvedic practitioner may recommend specific
dietary guidelines to maintain balance.
• The Three Doshas and Dietary Recommendations:
• Vata Dosha: Individuals with a dominant Vata dosha are advised to favor
warm, moist, and grounding foods. They should include cooked grains, root
vegetables, warm soups, and nourishing oils in their diet. It's recommended
to minimize cold and raw foods.
• Pitta Dosha: Pitta types benefit from cooling and soothing foods.
Emphasizing sweet, bitter, and astringent tastes can help balance excess
Pitta. Foods like sweet fruits, leafy greens, and dairy products are often
recommended, while spicy and acidic foods should be limited.
• Kapha Dosha: Kapha individuals are encouraged to consume foods that are
light, dry, and warming to balance their inherent qualities. This includes a
variety of legumes, light grains, and pungent spices. Heavy and oily foods
should be minimized.
• Seasonal Adaptations: Ayurveda recognizes the influence of seasons on the
body's balance. Dietary recommendations may vary according to the season
to help the body adapt to environmental changes and maintain equilibrium.
• Six Tastes (Rasas): Ayurveda categorizes foods into six tastes – sweet, sour,
salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent. A balanced meal should include all six
tastes, as each taste has specific effects on the doshas.
• Mindful Eating: Ayurveda places importance on the manner in which food is
consumed. Eating mindfully, in a calm and peaceful environment, is believed
to enhance the digestive process. It's also advised to eat according to one's
hunger and avoid overeating.
• Digestive Fire (Agni): Ayurveda places great emphasis on maintaining strong
digestive fire (agni). To support optimal digestion, individuals are advised to
eat at regular times, avoid incompatible food combinations, and pay attention
to their own digestive capacity.
Detoxification and Cleansing (Panchakarma): Periodic detoxification
practices, known as Panchakarma, are recommended in Ayurveda to
eliminate accumulated toxins (ama) from the body. Diet plays a crucial
role in preparing for and recovering from these cleansing procedures.
• It's important to note that Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine,
and dietary recommendations are just one aspect of its approach to
health and well-being. Before making significant changes to your diet
based on Ayurvedic principles, it's advisable to consult with a
qualified Ayurvedic practitioner who can provide personalized
guidance based on your individual constitution and health needs.
ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF DIET IN AYURVEDA
1. Dietary Routines (Ritucharya): Ayurveda emphasizes the
importance of adapting diet and lifestyle according to the seasons
(Ritu). Ritucharya, or seasonal routines, involve modifying one's diet
and daily practices to align with the characteristics of each season.
For example, during the hot summer months, cooling foods and
beverages are recommended to balance the Pitta dosha.
2. Food Combinations (Viruddha Ahara): Ayurveda provides
guidelines on proper food combinations to optimize digestion.
Some combinations, such as mixing milk with sour fruits, are
considered incompatible and may lead to digestive disturbances.
Understanding these principles helps individuals make choices that
support effective digestion.
3. Fasting and Cleansing (Upavasa): Periodic fasting is a common practice in
Ayurveda for detoxification and rejuvenation. Fasting can be done in various
forms, such as skipping meals or following specific cleansing diets. It is believed
to give the digestive system a break and promote the elimination of toxins.
4. Herbs and Spices (Aushadhi): Ayurvedic cooking often involves the use of
various herbs and spices, not only for flavor but also for their medicinal
properties. For example, ginger and turmeric are frequently used for their anti-
inflammatory properties, while cumin and coriander aid digestion.
5. Eating According to Constitution (Prakriti) and Imbalance (Vikriti): Ayurveda
recognizes that an individual's constitution (Prakriti) may be different from their
current state of imbalance (Vikriti). Dietary recommendations may vary based on
whether the goal is to balance the doshas or address specific health issues.
6. Food as Medicine: In Ayurveda, food is considered a form of medicine. The
right foods can be used to pacify imbalances, support overall health, and
enhance vitality. Conversely, improper food choices may contribute to the
development of diseases.
• Lifestyle Factors: Ayurveda considers diet as just one component of a
holistic lifestyle. Factors such as sleep, exercise, and stress management
also play crucial roles in maintaining balance and well-being. Ayurvedic
recommendations often include a combination of dietary changes,
herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
• Individualized Detoxification Programs (Panchakarma): Panchakarma is
a comprehensive detoxification and rejuvenation program in Ayurveda.
It involves a series of therapeutic procedures, including dietary
modifications, to eliminate accumulated toxins and restore balance in
the body.
• Mind-Body Connection: Ayurveda recognizes the intimate connection
between the mind and the body. Emotional well-being is considered
essential for overall health. Therefore, Ayurvedic dietary
recommendations may also include foods that promote mental clarity,
emotional balance, and spiritual well-being.
• Preventive Approach: Ayurveda places a strong emphasis on preventive
healthcare. By adopting a balanced and suitable diet, individuals can
prevent the onset of diseases and maintain optimal health throughout
their lives.
• It's crucial to approach Ayurvedic dietary principles with an
understanding of individual variations and to seek guidance from
qualified practitioners who can provide personalized advice based on
your unique constitution and health goals. Ayurveda encourages
individuals to be actively involved in their well-being and make
conscious choices that support harmony and balance in the body and
mind.
CONCEPT OF DIET IN AYURVEDA
1. Cooking Methods (Paka-Vidhi): Ayurveda pays attention not only to the choice of ingredients but
also to the methods of cooking. Different cooking methods can alter the qualities of food. For
example, steaming and boiling are considered gentler methods, while frying and grilling may
increase the heat and dryness of food.
2. Ayurvedic Superfoods: Certain foods are regarded as particularly beneficial in Ayurveda due to
their inherent qualities. Examples include ghee (clarified butter), which is believed to balance all
three doshas; honey, known for its healing properties; and various medicinal herbs like triphala,
ashwagandha, and turmeric.
3. Eating Mindfully (Sattvic Eating): Ayurveda encourages mindful eating, emphasizing the
importance of the mental state during meals. Sattvic eating involves consuming pure, clean, and
consciously prepared food in a calm and pleasant environment. This practice is believed to
enhance the positive effects of food on the body and mind.
4. Fluid Intake (Svadu-Paka): Ayurveda recommends mindful drinking as well. It suggests sipping
liquids slowly and at room temperature to avoid shocking the digestive system. Cold drinks are
generally discouraged, as they are believed to weaken the digestive fire.
5. Herbal Teas and Infusions: Ayurvedic herbal teas, infusions, and decoctions are commonly used
to balance doshas and address specific health concerns. For example, ginger tea may be
recommended for Vata imbalances, while peppermint tea can help cool excess Pitta.
6. Food as Energetic Medicine: Ayurveda views food not only in terms of its physical
composition but also in terms of its energetic qualities. Foods are categorized as heating,
cooling, drying, moistening, and so on. This perspective allows for a nuanced understanding of
how different foods affect the body's energy balance.
7. Culinary Spices and Their Medicinal Properties: Ayurvedic cooking relies heavily on the use
of various spices, each with its unique taste and therapeutic properties. For instance, cumin is
believed to aid digestion, coriander has cooling properties, and fennel may help balance all
three doshas.
8. Food Rituals (Aahara Vidhi Vidhana): Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of creating a
positive and mindful eating environment. This includes sitting down for meals, chewing food
thoroughly, and avoiding distractions like television or electronic devices.
9. Balancing Agni (Digestive Fire): Ayurveda considers strong digestive fire (agni) essential for
good health. To balance agni, recommendations may include eating the main meal when
digestive fire is strongest (during lunchtime), avoiding overeating, and incorporating digestive
spices like ginger and black pepper.
10. Post-Meal Practices (Vihara): Ayurveda suggests gentle activities after meals, such as a
short walk, to aid digestion. It discourages strenuous physical activity immediately after eating,
as it may interfere with the digestive process.
11. Special Diets for Specific Conditions: Ayurveda recognizes that certain health conditions
may require specific dietary modifications. For example, individuals with joint issues may be
advised to follow an anti-inflammatory diet, while those with digestive concerns may benefit
from a digestive-friendly diet.
IMPORTANCE OF DIET IN AYURVEDA
• Ayurveda is considered important for several reasons, and its
significance lies in its holistic approach to health and well-being, its
emphasis on individualized care, and its integration of various natural
and traditional healing methods.
• The importance of diet in Ayurveda is foundational to the overall
philosophy and practice of this ancient system of medicine. Diet is
considered a key factor in maintaining balance within the body,
promoting optimal health, and preventing diseases.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE &
NUTRITION

TOPIC: Medicinal plants used in

alternative/traditional medicines
Neem, Aloe Vera & Garlic

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Ritu Pradhan Shweta Sharma

612/22

M.Sc. Foods & Nutrition 4th Semester

 INTRODUCTION
• Ayurveda is the ancient Indian science of health and wellness. The integral system of
Ayurveda is based on the natural sources specifically medicinal plants.
• Medicinal plants have tremendous uses from common gastric issues to memory
improvement and treating chronic disease.
• Transition from synthetic drugs to plant based preparations is an opportunity to establish
Ayurveda globally.
• It has been stated that as many as 35,000-70,000 species of plants species of plants are
used at one or another time for medicinal purpose.
• Apart from medicinal use plants are a part of daily diet which with proper knowledge
can provide numerous health benefits.
• Medicinal plants are better option for health and wellness as easy availability,
affordability, accessibility and efficacy.
 BENEFITS & IMPORTANCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Ayurvedic herbs are time tested for their health and other benefits. The nutritive value that they
pack are highly recommended for their healing powers. Known to induce no side effects, they have
a unique aroma and flavor and when consumed regularly, they act as a perfect mechanism to bring
about a balanced harmony between mind and body.
• They have a holistic approach and aid in proper absorption and digestion.
• They are not disease specific but act as a preventive medicine that positively effects the overall
health and well-being by boosting the immune system.
• They are at par with allopathic medicines and are at times known to be effective in treating
diseases like cancer and autoimmune diseases.
• They are self-contained and nutritive in nature, therefore, are non-toxic and harmless.
• It deals with the overall well-being and aims to bring harmony between mind, body and soul.
• Several metabolic and chronic conditions can be treated without any side effects using
Ayurvedic medicines and treatments.
 MEDICINAL
PLANTS
1. NEEM
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under C C BY
2. ALOE VERA
3. GARLIC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under C C BY

 NEEM (Azadiracta inddia A. Juss.)
• Local name: Neem (Hindi)
• Knowns as Nimba in Ayurveda
• Habitat : Found in abundance in tropical and semitropical regions like India, Bangladesh,
Pakistan and Nepal.
• Part used : Leaf, fruit, bark, seed oil
USES:
• Dental plaque/ gingivitis: Gargling with the warm decoction of Neem leaves twice daily and
brushing with twigs of Neem.
• Skin Disease: Intake of powder of Neem leaves and application of Neem oil.
• Upset stomach: Decoction of Neem leaves helps in abdominal pain and worm infestation.
• Insect repellent: Applying Neem oil to the skin to protect against mosquitoes.
• Other important uses: Used as anti-fungal agent, anti- parasitic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory,
neuro-protective, and liver protective, used in jaundice.
 PRECAUTIONS
• It can cause nausea, vomiting in some persons due to its bitter taste.
• Some studies also indicated adverse effects of excess doses on sperm count, so may not
be used in males planning for family.
• Should not be used in access during pregnancy and lactation and in children.
 ALOE VERA (Kumari) Aloe barbadensis Mill.
• Local name: Aloe Vera (English), Ghritkumari(Hindi)
• Habitat: All over India
• Part used: Gel inside the leaves
USES:
• Burns and wounds: Due to its soothing, moisturizing, and cooling properties. Aloe vera gel is used
externally to treat burns. Gel, mixed with turmeric powder and coconut oil aids early healing of wounds
and ulcers including anal fissure and skin problems.
• Digestive problems: 2 to 3 spoons of Aloe vera gel mixed with a glass of water should be taken in all types
of digestive and liver problems.
• Adjuvant therapy: aloe vera gel may be taken with antibiotics, NSAIDs and chemotherapy to eliminate
drug induced gastritis and other adverse effects.
• Multiple uses: Useful in various diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, eye disease, spleen and liver diseases.
 PRECAUTIONS
• Contraindicated in cases of known allergy to plant. It may cause redness, burning,
stinging sensation and rarely generalized dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
• Oral intake of Aloe vera is not be recommended during pregnancy as it may cause
stimulation of uterine contractions.
• It may cause gastrointestinal distress in the infants sometimes, if given to
breastfeeding mothers.
 GARLIC (Allium sativum)
Garlic is the edible bulb from a plant in the lily family. It has been used as both a medicine and a spice for
thousands of years.
• Local name: Garlic
• Latin name: Allium sativum
• Garlic’s most commonly used as a dietary supplement for high cholesterol, heart disease, and high blood
pressure.
• It is also used to prevent certain types of cancer, including stomach and colon cancers.
• Garlic cloves can be eaten raw or cooked. They may also be dried or powdered and used in tablets and
capsules. Raw garlic cloves can be used to make oils and liquid extracts.
USES:
Therapeutic use of garlic has been recognized as a potential medicinal value for thousands of years to
different microorganisms. Antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antisepticand anti-inflammatory
properties of garlic have been well documented.
 BENEFITS
1. Antimicrobial Activity
• Allicin and other sulfur compounds are thought to be the major compounds responsible for
the antimicrobial effect of garlic.
• Garlic is more effective with the least side effects as compared to commercial antibiotics;
as a result, they are used as an alternative remedy for the treatment of various infections.
2. Anti-bacterial Activity
• The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger, extracted with 95% ethanol, suggested to
have antibacterial activity against multi-drug clinical pathogens and can be used for
prevention of drug resistant microbial diseases.
• Garlic also suggested as a treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
• In a study by Lai and Roy, fresh extracts of A. sativum (garlic) and Nigella sativum (black
cumin) had more antibacterial activity against the isolates of the urinary tract infection.
 CONT.
3. Anti-viral activity
• Study has shown significant protection from the common cold virus and used for prevention, treatment
and reduction of reinfection benefits from taking allimax powder capsules once daily.
4. Anti-Cancer activity
• Among the most prominent and favorable effects of garlic is its effect on the inhibition of the growth of
cancer cells.
• Numerous epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that garlic has a great role in
cancer prevention especially in relation to digestive tract cancers. Different studies on humans have shown
that regular intake of garlic reduces the risk of esophageal, stomach and colon cancer.
• This was thought to be due to the antioxidant effect of allicin in reducing the formation of carcinogenic
compounds in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Therefore, the consumption of garlic may provide some kind of protection from cancer development.
 PRECAUTIONS
• Garlic appears to be safe for most adults. Side effects include breath and body odor, heartburn,
upset stomach, and allergic reactions. These side effects are more common with raw garlic.
• Garlic can thin the blood (reduce the ability of blood to clot) in a manner similar to aspirin.
This effect may be a problem during or after surgery.
• Garlic has been found to interfere with the effectiveness of saquinavir, a drug used to treat HIV
infection. Its effect on other drugs has not been well studied.
 THANK YOU

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Alternative medicine and Nutrition
TOPIC: Medicinal plants used in
alternative/traditional medicines
TURMERIC AND TULSI

Submitted to- Submitted by- Manjot kaur

Dr. Ritu Pradhan M.Sc. FN (sem-4)
613
 Turmeric
Local name- Haldi
Scientific name- Curcuma longa L.
Parts used- Rhizome (under-grown stem)
• Turmeric is used as an herbal medicine for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic anterior uveitis, conjunctivitis,
skin cancer, small pox, chicken pox, wound healing, urinary tract infections, and liver ailments (Dixit, Jain,
and Joshi 1988).

• It is also used for digestive disorders; to reduce flatus, jaundice, menstrual difficulties, and colic; for
abdominal pain and distension (Bundy et al. 2004); and for dyspeptic conditions including loss of appetite,
postprandial feelings of fullness, and liver and gallbladder complaints.

• It has anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antimicrobial, and carminative actions (Mills and Bone 2000).
• The main clinical targets of turmeric are the digestive organs: in the intestine, for treatment of diseases such
as familial adenomatous polyposis (Cruz-Correa et al. 2006); in the bowels, for treatment of inflammatory
bowel disease (Hanai and Sugimoto 2009); and in the colon, for treatment of colon cancer (Naganuma et al.
2006).

• For arthritis, dosages of 8–60 g of fresh turmeric root three times daily have been recommended (Fetrow
and Avila 1999).
Health benefits of turmeric in our daily life
1. It is a natural antiseptic and antibacterial agent, useful in disinfecting cuts and burns.
2. When combined with cauliflower, it has shown to prevent prostate cancer and stop the growth
of existing prostate cancer.
3. May help in the treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin conditions
4. May prevent melanoma and cause existing melanoma cells to commit suicide.
5. Reduces the risk of childhood leukemia.
6. Is a natural liver detoxifier.
7. May prevent and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease by removing amyloyd plaque
buildup in the brain.
8. May prevent metastases from occurring in many different forms of cancer.
9. It is a potent natural anti-inflammatory that works as well as many anti-inflammatory drugs
but without the side effects
10. Is a natural painkiller.
11. May aid in fat metabolism and help in weight management.
12. Has long been used in Chinese medicine as a treatment for depression.
13. Because of its anti-inflammatory properties, it is a natural treatment for arthritis and
rheumatoid arthritis.
14. Boosts the effects of chemo drug paclitaxel and reduces its side effects.
15. Promising studies are underway on the effects of turmeric on pancreatic cancer.
16. Studies are ongoing in the positive effects of turmeric on multiple myeloma.
17. Has been shown to stop the growth of new blood vessels in tumors.
18. Speeds up wound healing and assists in remodeling of damaged skin.
 Tulsi
Local name- Holy basil
Habitat- all over India
Parts used- Leaves
 MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
• Tulsi has antioxidant properties and reduces blood glucose levels, and
blood pressure.
• It reduces lipid level. So, it is good for heart disorders
• It builds the stamina and it is essential ingredient of herbal tea
• It also used to treat gastric disorders, cough, common colds, malaria, and
headaches It’s extracted water is used as mouth wash to reduce tooth
ache
• It is used in the manufacturing of many skin ointments and cosmetics
because it contains anti-bacterial activities
• It’s oil shows stomach poisoning against “malarial larva”
• It has immuno-modulatory properties
• It acts as repellent for insect. So, it is widely used to store grains
• A chemical present in Tulsi known as beta-Ursolic acid, may used as a
anti-fertility agent in future

TRADITIONAL USES
"The elixir of life" name given to Tulsi because it promotes longevity.
In Ayurveda & Siddha systems of medicine in which various parts of plant
are used for prevention and cure of many diseases.
The leaf's are used enhance the memory. Chewing of leaf's helps to treat
ulcers and infections of mouth.
Health benefits of Tulsi in our daily life
✓ Fever and Common Cold: The leaf's are used in many types of fevers. In the duration of rainy
season, when dengue and malaria fever is speeded all over the areas then its leaf's are used
as a prevalent method, as leaf's are boiled with tea and given to patients
✓ Coughs: It is a main ingredient in many Ayurvedic cough syrups and other kind of dosage
forms because they help in release mucus in respiratory disorder
✓ Sore Throat: Leaf's of this plant are boiled with water and given to a patient with sore throat
illness. This extract also used as a gargle
✓ Respiratory Disorder: The herb is useful in the Respiratory Diseases: Tulsi is very good herb
to cure the asthma and other swash diseases. Kwath of leaf's with ginger and honey is very
good and effective home remedy used for all kind of respiratory disorders and cold. Tulsi shows
a very good and effective result on the kidney. If patient has a renal stone, juice of leaf's along
with honey if it given for six months it will remove the stone through urinary tract
✓ Heart Diseases: Tulsi cure all types of heart diseases and the “weakness” of the heart. It
helps to reduce the blood cholesterol level
✓ For Children: Common-Diseases of children’s like common cold, high body temperature,
loose stools and vomiting can be cured with juice of leaf's. If blisters of chicken pox late in
their appearance, Tulsi leaf's given with kesar will rush them
✓ Stress: Tulsi leaf's are observed as an stress booster agent
✓ Insect Bites: Tulsi shows prophylactic or preventive and curative for insect tingle or bites.
Intake of leaf juice and again given after some hours. Kalk of clean roots is used in case of
insect bites
✓ Skin Disorders: Application of Tulsi juice can helps to treat the fungal infection and other
types of skin disorders. It can also used to cure leukoderma
✓ Dental disorders: Leaves dried under the sunlight and powdered, can be used in cleaning
of teeth cure the teeth disorders. Some power if mixed with mustered oil to create a paste
and applied as dental cream. This also treat pyorrhea and other teeth diseases
 References
➢ https://ejmcm.com/article_4989_ce3b6d4c20e190bd2bbf7389e7b2d147.pdf

➢ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259829295_Neem_Azadirachta_indica_and_its_Potential_for_Safeguarding_Health_of_Animals_an
d_Humans_A_Review

➢ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291766366_Medicinal_values_of_garlic_Reviewhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/32863046
5_Aloe_vera_A_Potential_Herb_and_its_Medicinal_Importance

➢ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/
Thank you
Submitted By :- Phallak Piplani
M.Sc FN 4th Semester
615/22
A. Alternative Medicine Therapies – Concept & Principle
of:
Mind body techniques :-
• Support groups
• Counselling
• Hypnosis
• Art therapy
• Support groups are a group of people with similar problems who meet
regularly to provide emotional and moral support, advice and information to
one another.
• A support group is a gathering of people facing common issues to share
what’s troubling them. Through the sharing of experiences, they’re able to
offer support, encouragement, and comfort to the other group members, and
receive the same in return.
• A support group provides an opportunity for people to share personal
experiences and feelings, coping strategies, or firsthand information about
diseases or treatments.
• Instillation of hope: A sense of optimism is created by building participants’
confidence about the great potential of being in group therapy and that recovery is
possible.
• Universality: Group members are shown that they are not alone in their struggle and
that other people may have similar thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
• The corrective recapitulation of a primary family group: Dysfunctional patterns or
relationships in the group members’ individual families can be identified and
transformed into healthier versions.
• Development of socializing techniques: Group therapists promote social skills,
empathy, tolerance of others, and healthy interpersonal behaviors.
• Interpersonal learning: Interpersonal interactions between group members help
participants better understand how they experience and interact with others; these
interactions also allow group members to perceive how other people experience their
feelings and behaviors.
• Group cohesiveness: Cohesiveness allows for a group to run smoothly and occurs
when members feel valued and a sense of belonging within the group.
• Counseling is a relationship in which one person endeavors to
help another to understand and solve his adjustment problems.
• Counseling is the individualized and personalized assistance
with personal, educational, vocational problems in which all
pertinent facts are studied and analyzed and a solution is
sought, often with the assistance of specialists, school and
community, resources and personal interviews in which the
counselee is taught to make his own decisions.
1. Principle of Acceptance - Accept the client with his physical,
psychological, social, economical and cultural conditions.
2. Principle of Communication - Communication should be verbal
as well a non verbal and should be skillful.
3. Principle of Empathy - Empathy is ability to identify with a
person.
4. Principle of Respect for the individual - Respecting an
individuals feelings must be an integral parts of counseling
process.
5. Principle of non-Judge - Mental attitudes – do not critize or
comment negatively regarding client’s complaints.
6. Principles of Confidentiality - Always keep the clients
name and the problem strictly secrete and assure the
client about the same.
7. Principle of individuality - Treat each and every client
as well as unique and respect his problems.
8. Principle of non emotional involvement - Not getting
emotionally involved with the clients and avoid getting
carried away with his feelings.
 Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased
relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. It
also is called hypnotherapy. Hypnosis usually is done with the
guidance of a health care provider using verbal repetition and
mental images. During hypnosis, most people feel calm and
relaxed. Hypnosis typically makes people more open to
suggestions about behavior changes.
 Hypnosis can be an effective way to cope with stress and
anxiety. In particular, it may ease stress and anxiety before a
medical procedure, such as a breast biopsy.
•Collaboration: You need their help too.
•Forced cognition: Saying it makes them think it.
•Sensory thought: Thinking about events triggers senses.
•Physical thought: Thinking changes the body.
•Feedback: Check that it is working and works.
•Utilization: Make use of what happens. Everything's a resource.
•Confidence: The attitude of the hypnotist is key.
• Art therapy is a mental health profession in
which clients, facilitated by the art therapist,
use art media, the creative process, and the
resulting artwork to explore their feelings,
reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-
awareness, manage behavior and addictions,
develop social skills, improve reality
orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase
self-esteem.
• A goal in art therapy is to improve or restore
a client's functioning and his or her sense of
personal well-being.
Art therapy is based on several fundamental principles.
• Firstly, it recognizes that the creative process itself is
therapeutic. Engaging in art-making can provide a non-verbal
outlet for emotions and thoughts, allowing individuals to
communicate and process their experiences.
• Secondly, art therapy emphasizes the importance of the
therapeutic relationship between the client and the art therapist.
Trust, empathy, and a safe environment are crucial for the
therapeutic process to unfold effectively.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
AND NUTRITION
Submitted By:
Preesha Satija
MSc. FN 4sem
614/22
BODY BASED PRACTICES
Massage therapy

Reflexology

Aromatherapy

Osteopathy

Acupuncture
 Massage Therapy is an ancient healing practice
with proven benefits for both the mind and body. It
relies on the principles of massage, which are based
on the understanding of human anatomy and

MASSAGE
physiology, the principles of touch, and the body’s
response to it. Through massage, practitioners can
provide pain relief, relaxation, and enhanced

THERAPY physical and emotional well-being. Massage therapy

has been used for centuries to improve physical and
emotional well-being. The earliest forms of massage
therapy can be traced back to ancient cultures such
as the Chinese, Egyptians, and Greeks, who believed
that massage could help to treat physical ailments
and reduce stress.
PRINCIPLES
Circulation of Blood: Perhaps the most basic principle in
this field is that improved blood circulation is beneficial for
virtually all health conditions. Tension in the muscles and
other soft tissues can impair circulation, resulting in a
deficient supply of nutrients and inadequate removal of
wastes or toxins from the tissues of the body.
Movement of Lymphatic Fluid. The lymph system is almost
as extensive as that of the blood. The circulation of
lymphatic fluid plays a key role in ridding the body of
wastes, toxins, and pathogens. The lymph system also
benefits from massage, particularly in conditions where
lymphatic flow is impaired by injury or surgery (e.g., in
postmastectomy women).
Release of Toxins. Chronic tension or trauma to the soft tissues of the
body can result in the buildup of toxic by-products of normal metabolism.
Hands-on techniques help move the toxins through the body’s normal
pathways of release and elimination.
Release of Tension. Chronic muscular tension as a result of high stress
lifestyles, trauma, or injury can accumulate and impair the body’s
structure and function. Psychological well-being is also affected. Release
of tension allows greater relaxation, which has important physiological
and psychological benefits.
Reduction of Stress. Stress is increasingly believed to induce illness, and
perhaps 80 to 90 percent of all disease is stress induced. Massage
therapy is an effective non-drug method for reducing stress and
promoting relaxation.
 REFLEXOLOGY
Reflexology is a form of complementary therapy which, through the massage
of the feet, aims to promote wellness in other areas of the body.
Modern reflexology is based on the principle that the foot has ‘reflex’ points
that correspond to the various structures and organs throughout the body. For
example, on the left foot, the tip of the big toe corresponds to the brain’s left
hemisphere.
Main effects of Reflexology:
total relaxation
increase circulation
increase oxygen levels within blood stream
helps in removal of toxins
aids the body to heal itself
PRINCIPLES
Reflexology uses human therapeutic touch: reflexology
technique involve touch given to points on the feet and hands by
one human being to another and this helps give an extra, powerful
dimen to the effects. It has been demonstrated that touch is
necessary for human health and well being.
Reflexology detects and treats specific imbalances: As the
reflexologist gives treatment to the feet or hands, she discovers
imbalances in the reflexes. These may be experienced by the client
as: sensitive, tender or even acutely painful at the moment when
pressure is applied. Or there may be no tender sensation at a
reflex, yet the therapist can sense changes in the tissues that also
indicate imbalance: tension or congestion of tissue, or grittiness -
sometimes referred to as crystals, or changes of temperature which
the client is not even aware of. Such tender, tense or congested
reflexes indicate that the area of the body corresponding to that
reflex is itself imbalanced.
Reflexology promotes homeostasis and aids the stress response
Homeostasis is the body's condition of relative stability, i.e. its balance
within its internal environment. Any disturbance in this balance is to
some degree a type of stress and the body responds by adjusting its
internal processes to meet the challenge. All these changes happen
automatically and we are often not even aware of them. Reflexology,
professionally applied, helps the body to return to this normal state of
homeostasis, its internal harmony and balance.
 AROMATHERAPY
Aromatherapy is a complementary medicine modality; it is the controlled use
of essential oils for specific outcomes that are measurable. It involves the
inhalation and bodily application of essential oils or essences which are
derived from aromatic plants. Aromatherapy is used to balance, relax,
rejuvenate, restore or enhance the Psychological, Anatomical and
Physiological health of an individual with a ‘Holistic’ approach to health
where all areas of a persons’ life and state of health are assessed and
treated.
The depth of use of essential oils in Clinical Aromatherapy is quite wide,
ranging from deep penetrating therapeutic uses to the extreme subtlety of a
unique fragrance.
 PRINCIPLE
The basic principle of Aromatherapy is to strengthen the self-healing processes by indirect stimulation of
the immune system. Aromas have a strong psychological influence over us, some aromas are not
pleasant and warn us of physical danger, such as fire or something rotten, and this can help our health in
a preventative way. To use aromas positively and beneficially is therapeutic, a plant produces essential
oil from its own survival - to influence growth and production, to attract pollinating insects, and to repel
predators. These oils are odoriferous, volatile liquid components; in their natural state they contain a
number of complex bio-chemicals including antiseptics, so the practice of Aromatherapy goes far beyond
smell and may have a chemical effect on the body.
Inhaling essential oils stimulates the olfactory system, the part of the brain connected to smell, including
the nose and the brain. Molecules that enter the nose or mouth pass to the lungs, and from there, to other
parts of the body. As the molecules reach the brain, they affect limbic system, which is linked to the
emotions, the heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, memory, stress, and hormone balance. In this way,
essential oils can have a subtle, yet holistic effect on the body.
Clinical Aromatherapy has a complex set of diagnostic tools, all aiming to identify the disease or injury,
treat of the disease or injury and prevent further disease or injury. In Keeping with the holistic view of
health, which is looking at the body as a whole and assessing the whole health of a person physically,
mentally, and emotionally, the first area to explore is whether the illness is coming from within the person,
or from some uncontrolled outside source, or possibly both.
 Osteopathy is a way of detecting, treating and

OSTEOPATHY preventing health problems by moving,

stretching and massaging a person's muscles
and joints.
Osteopathy is based on the principle that the
wellbeing of an individual depends on their bones,
muscles, ligaments and connective tissue
functioning smoothly together.
Osteopaths use physical manipulation,
stretching and massage with the aim of:
increasing the mobility of joints
relieving muscle tension
reducing pain
enhancing the blood supply to tissues
helping the body to heal
 PRINCIPLES
Life is movement:Life represents itself in form of movement. Everything has to be mobile, that means ever
bodily structure requires freedom of movement. Areas without optimal mobility will suffer from dysfunctions,
which will lead to diseases. Not only do the structures of the musculoskeletal system such as joints and
muscles need to be free, but also all organs, fluids (blood, lymph, etc.) must move freely and without any
disturbance.
structure and function: Structure and function of the body condition each other. Dysfunctions can manifest
themselves in impaired mobility of the structures of the body. Osteopathy examines movement of the bodily
structures. This way dysfunctions can be diagnosed and consequently treated with osteopathic techniques.
The law of artery: All tissues must have optimal supply of nutrients and oxygen as well as disposal of
products of the metabolism and CO2, for example. Long-term disturbance of this supply and disposal system
might impair quality and mobility of the tissue. This holds true for all fluids in the body (like arterial and venous
system, lymph, brain fluid etc.) Osteopathy strives at sustaining optimal supply and disposal of all fluid
structures to ensure ideal function of the body
The body is ableto heal itself: the self-healing powers, that our body possesses the ability to sustain our
health and re-establish health after disease. This can be demonstrated in numerous ways like, for
example:when coagulating blood closes a wound, when a bone grows back together after a fracture when
bacteria is fought in case of infection
Osteopathy assists this natural process of healing by re-establishing mobility of all tissue and the circulation
of all fluids in the human body.
ACUPUNCTURE
Acupuncture is the practice of penetrating the skin with
thin, solid, metallic needles which are then activated
through gentle and specific movements of the
practitioner's hands or with electrical stimulation.
Acupuncture is part of the ancient practice of Traditional
Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine
practitioners believe the human body has more than
2,000 acupuncture points connected by pathways or
meridians. These pathways create an energy flow (Qi,
pronounced "chee") through the body that is responsible
for overall health. Disruption of the energy flow can
cause disease. By applying acupuncture to certain points,
it is thought to improve the flow of Qi, thereby improving
health.
Acupuncture points are believed to stimulate the central nervous system. This, in turn, releases chemicals into the muscles,
spinal cord, and brain. These biochemical changes may stimulate the body's natural healing abilities and promote physical
and emotional well-being.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) studies have shown that acupuncture is an effective treatment alone or in combination with
conventional therapies to treat the following:
Nausea caused by surgical anesthesia and cancer chemotherapy
Dental pain after surgery
Addiction
Headaches
Menstrual cramps
Tennis elbow
Fibromyalgia
Myofascial pain
Osteoarthritis
Low back pain
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Asthma
It may also help with stroke rehabilitation.
THANK YOU
 M.Sc. Home science 4th Semester

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND NUTRITION

(THEORY)

TOPIC:
UNIT: 4
Importance and concept of
diet in Yoga

Submitted By:
Submitted To: Parnamika Yadav
Dr. Ritu Pradhan M.Sc. Home Science
HOD of Department 4th semester
Roll no: 616/22
 IMPORTANCE OF YOGA
Yoga holds significant importance for physical, mental, and emotional well-being,
and its practice has been associated with numerous benefits. Here are some key
aspects highlighting the importance of yoga:

 Physical Health:
 Flexibility and Strength: Yoga involves a variety of poses and postures that
improve flexibility and strength in different muscle groups, contributing to overall
physical fitness.
 Balance and Coordination: Many yoga poses focus on balance and coordination,
enhancing body awareness and stability.

 Mental Well-being:
 Stress Reduction: Yoga incorporates relaxation techniques, including deep
breathing and meditation, which are effective in reducing stress levels and
promoting relaxation.
 Anxiety and Depression: Regular yoga practice has been shown to alleviate
symptoms of anxiety and depression, promoting a positive mental state.
 Emotional Balance:
 Mind-Body Connection: Yoga emphasizes the connection between the mind and
body, fostering a greater awareness of emotions and providing tools for emotional
regulation.
 Emotional Resilience: Through mindfulness practices, yoga helps individuals build
emotional resilience and cope with life's challenges.

 Improved Breathing:
 Pranayama Techniques: Yoga incorporates various breathing exercises
(pranayama) that enhance respiratory function, increase lung capacity, and improve
overall breathing patterns.
 Stress Response: Controlled and conscious breathing in yoga helps regulate the
autonomic nervous system, reducing the physiological response to stress.

 Enhanced Focus and Concentration:

 Mindfulness Practices: Yoga encourages mindfulness, the practice of being present
in the moment. This can enhance concentration and cognitive function.
 Meditation Techniques: Meditation, a component of yoga, promotes mental clarity
and cultivates a focused mind.
 Improved Sleep:
 Relaxation and Sleep Quality: The relaxation techniques in yoga contribute to
improved sleep quality. Regular practice is associated with better sleep patterns and
reduced insomnia.

 Pain Management:
 Chronic Pain Relief: Yoga has been shown to be effective in managing chronic pain
conditions, promoting flexibility, and reducing discomfort.
 Posture Correction: Many yoga poses focus on body alignment, contributing to
better posture and reducing musculoskeletal issues.

 Holistic Wellness:
 Balanced Lifestyle: Yoga is not just a physical exercise but a holistic approach to
well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual aspects.
 Mind-Body Harmony: The practice of yoga promotes a harmonious relationship
between the mind and body, fostering overall health.
 Community and Social Connection:
 Group Classes: Participating in yoga classes provides a sense of community and
social connection, contributing to overall well-being.
 Shared Values: Yoga philosophy often emphasizes compassion, mindfulness, and
interconnectedness, fostering a positive and supportive community.

 Accessible to All Ages and Fitness Levels:

 Adaptability: Yoga is adaptable to different ages, fitness levels, and physical
abilities, making it accessible to a wide range of individuals.
 Low-Impact: Many yoga practices are low-impact, making them suitable for people
with various physical conditions.

In summary, the importance of yoga lies in its ability to promote holistic well-being,
combining physical fitness with mental and emotional health. Its accessibility,
adaptability, and positive impact on various aspects of life contribute to its
widespread popularity as a wellness practice.
 CONCEPT OF DIET IN YOGA
 In the context of yoga, the concept of diet extends beyond mere sustenance and
encompasses a holistic approach to nourishing the body, mind, and spirit. Yoga
philosophy emphasizes the interconnection of all aspects of life, and diet is
considered an essential element in supporting the practice and achieving overall well-
being. Here are key aspects of the concept of diet in yoga:

 Sattvic Diet:
 Balanced and Pure: Yoga encourages the consumption of a Sattvic diet, which
is considered pure, balanced, and harmonious. Sattva is one of the three gunas
(qualities) in yogic philosophy, representing purity, balance, and harmony.
 Plant-Based Foods: A Sattvic diet primarily consists of fresh, organic, and
plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and
dairy products.

 Ahimsa (Non-Harming):
 Compassionate Eating: The principle of Ahimsa, or non-harming, extends to
diet. Yogic philosophy encourages compassionate and mindful choices in food
consumption, promoting ethical and sustainable eating practices.
 Vegetarianism: Many yogic traditions advocate vegetarianism as a way to align
with the principle of Ahimsa, avoiding harm to animals.
 Mindful Eating:
 Conscious Consumption: Yoga emphasizes the importance of mindful eating,
paying attention to the quality of food, the act of eating, and its impact on the
body and mind.
 Awareness of Hunger and Fullness: Practitioners are encouraged to eat when
hungry, avoiding overeating, and to be aware of the body's signals of satiety.

 Prana (Life Force Energy):

 Energetic Quality of Food: Yogic philosophy recognizes the concept of Prana,
the life force energy. Foods are classified based on their impact on Prana, with
fresh, whole foods considered to have higher energetic qualities.
 Minimizing Processed Foods: A yogic diet emphasizes minimizing the
consumption of processed and heavily refined foods, as they are believed to have
lower Prana.
 Moderation (Mitahara):
 Balanced Portions: The principle of Mitahara encourages moderation in food
consumption. Yogic practitioners are advised to eat in moderation, avoiding
excess or deprivation.
 Balancing the Doshas: In Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine
closely linked with yoga, diet is tailored to balance individual constitutions or
doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha).

 Fasting and Cleansing:

 Detoxification: Periodic fasting or cleansing practices are part of the yogic
approach to maintain physical and mental purity. This may involve short-term
fasts or specific dietary regimens.
 Purification of Body and Mind: Fasting is seen as a way to purify the body,
release toxins, and enhance mental clarity.

 Hydration:
 Importance of Water: Proper hydration is considered essential in yoga. Water is
seen as a purifying element, aiding in the elimination of toxins from the body.
 Herbal Teas: Herbal teas and warm water are often recommended in yogic
practices to support digestion and maintain internal balance.
 Connection to Spiritual Practices:
 Diet and Meditation: The yogic concept of diet is closely linked to spiritual
practices. A clean and balanced diet is believed to support meditation and other
spiritual pursuits.
 Enhancing Spiritual Growth: Certain foods are thought to enhance clarity of
mind, intuition, and spiritual growth, aligning with the broader goals of yoga.

 It's important to note that individual dietary choices in yoga may

vary based on personal beliefs, cultural backgrounds, and specific
traditions within the broader yogic philosophy. The key is to
approach diet with mindfulness, aligning choices with the principles
of yoga to support physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
Submitted to:- Submitted by:-
Dr. Ritu Pradhan Kanika Gulati
MSc. Foods and
Nutrition 2nd yr
617/22
.
 INTRODUCTION
• Diet is an important component of a comprehensive naturopathic
healthcare plan.
• Naturopathy promotes and encourages the natural food, i.e., the food
which is provided by nature and is consumed essentially in the natural
form.
• In Naturopathy food is classified as acidic or alkaline, live or dead food,
eliminative, soothing, constructive, vegetarian or non-vegetarian,
liquid, fruit, and mono fruit diet, etc.
• Naturopathy gives more emphasis on raw food rather than cooked
food. to remain healthy 80% of the food items should be alkaline, i.e.,
uncooked and only 20% food items should be acidic, ie, cooked.
 FOOD AS MEDICINE
• Diet (Aahar) is an important component of Naturopathic plan of
disease management.
• Right food is so much important to health.Our food must be as natural
as possible.
• It should be produced under natural conditions and consumed in
natural form without being altered by man, properly selected,
rationally combined, and judiciously consumed supplying the alkaline
elements in organic form which preserve the tissues from
disorganization and from putrefaction.
• According to Sir Robert Mc Carrison,'the right kind of food is the most
important single factor in the promotion of health; and the wrong kind
of food is the most important single factor in the promotion of disease.
 NATUROPATHY BELIEVES THAT -
• Disease is a disturbance of the function or the structure of any organ or
part of the body chronic diseases are associated with an accumulation
of foreign matter, waste products, dead cells, poisonous elements and
dangerous toxins.
• These poisonous products are the result of lowered vitality, imperfect
elimination, and faulty digestion brought about by the sluggish
functioning of every organ.
• Such conditions of the body are due to denatured, demineralised, and
devitalized foods which have interfered with the natural metabolism of
the system.
• Hence, such a diet is the cause of practically all diseases of the body
and mind.
• In Ayurveda food is classified into 12 groups: grains, pulses, meat,
vegetables, fruits, salads, wines, water, milk and milk products, sugar
cane products, cooked foods and accessory foods (e.g. oils and spices) .

• According to Acharya Lolimbaraja, if wholesome diet is given in a

planned way then a separate medicinal treatment may not be required
as the diet itself can take care of the disease.
 CONCEPT OF DIET IN YOGA

Shrimat Bhagavad Gita says:

He who is regulated in his habits of

eating, sleeping, recreation and work can
mitigate all material pains by practicing
the yoga.
 MITAHARA
 A balanced diet according to Yoga, is the diet which restores balance at
all levels.
 The Yogic diet believes in the concept of Mitalara.
 This postulates that the final effect of intake of diet depends upon the
following three factors:
 Quality of food: It should be sattvik and more akin to the natural from
of it.
 Quantity of food: Half of the stomach should be filled with food, one
forth with liquid and the rest one forth should be empty for the free
flow of air (gases).
 State of mind while taking food: While during meals one should be
calm and quiet, should relish the food, and not be engaged in any form
of intense thinking activity.
CONCEPT OF DIET IN NATUROPATHY
 According to Naturopathy, accumulation of waste and
systemic poisons is the cause of the majority of diseases
arising within the human organism.

 Therefore, the neutralizing and eliminating food

elements be provided in sufficient quantities.

 In the form of purifying and eliminating fruits and

vegetables.
• Proper balance of food, food production, preparation and consumption in accordance with
natural requirements
• Proteins, starches, sugars, vitamins, mineral salts and roughage have to be considered in
relation to human needs so that health can be the result combine and balance their food
suitable to age, occupation, climate, it would make a lot of difference in their health and
resistance to disease.
• Naturopathy encourages that to remain healthy the food items must contain 80 % alkaline and
20% acidic substance.
• The proteins and carbohydrates are acid forming, and the fruits and vegetables are alkaline.
• Naturopathy believes that food has a great influence on the mind because everything we eat
and drink is transported by the blood which sustains the nervous system.
• Therefore, the quality of food has much to de with the quality of the mind.
• The broad classification of these food items are acidic and alkaline food, live and dead food,
eliminative, soothing and constructive food, fruit diet, liquid diet, raw diet, mono diet, etc.
 ELIMINATIVE DIET
 During the first stage of treatment eliminative diet pattern is
followed which encourages the detoxification of the body by
eliminating the morbid matter and toxins from the system by way
of activating the eliminative organs, i.e., kidneys, intestines.
 The eliminative diet is very near to fasting.
 Therefore, the food items like citric juices, lemon water, tender
coconut water, etc., are generally prescribed as eliminative diet.
 It is also known as cleansing diet.
 SOOTHING DIET
 In second stage of Naturopathy treatment when the
body is almost clean and detoxified, the patients are
kept on soothing diet for sometime which is slightly
filling wherein patient don't feel as he or she is fasting
and action is not as vigorous as eliminative diet.
 The food items in this phase generally consists of the
fruits, salads, boiled/steamed vegetables, sprouts,
vegetable soups, butter milk, wheat grass juice, etc.
 CONSTRUCTIVE DIET

 In the third phase of treatment when the body is fully detoxified and patient is
free of disease condition, he is prescribed constructive diet whereby his new
blood, lymph and body cells are building up normally.
 The food items in this phase generally consist of wholesome flour, unpolished rice,
pulses, sprouts, curd, etc.
 Being alkaline, these diets help in improving health, purifying the body and
increasing immunity.
 HEALTH LAWS
• To build and maintain proper health it is necessary to observe the health laws
in totality which is summarized as under
• Fresh air and sun shine
• Deep breathing exercise
• Correct posture
• Rest
• Recreation
• Relaxation
• Sleep
• Right mental Attitude
• Internal cleanliness
• Proper elimination
 FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
 For getting optimum health and prevention from disease . Naturopathy advises to
avoid following health harming and disease developing items :
 Tobacco Cigarette, Cigar and Pan masalas Coffee, Tea, Chocolate and Cold drinks.
 Over use of salt.
 Alcohol and drugs
 White sugar, fine flour, maida and its products like bread, biscuit, sweets. namkeen,
puri and ice-cream, etc.
 All processed, refined, tinned, preserved and chemically prepared factory foods.
 All foods kept overnight and stinking foods.
 Egg, meat, fish, fried food, polished rice, condiments and pickles, etc.
 All garden and farm products with pesticides and disinfectants.
 FOODS TO BE TAKEN

 Food items which are necessary for maintenance and improvement of physical and mental
health as under
 Vegetables-All green fresh vegetables such as Cabbage, Turnip, Beet, Carrot, Cucumber,
Spinach, Radish, Tomato, Methi, Dhania, etc.
 Cereals - Unpolished rice, Wheat flour with bran
 Sweets-Honey, Jaggery.
 Sprouts Moong, Moth, Gram, Methi, Wheat, Alfalfa, Ground nut, etc.
 Dry fruits- Date, Fig, Raisin.
 Fresh fruits - All seasonal fresh and ripe fruits like Guava, Pear, Apple, Banana, Papaya,
Cheku, Orange, etc. Juice-Fresh juice of Pine apple, Orange, Carrot, etc.
 Soup-Vegetable soup.
 Liquid- Lemon water, Coconut water, Butter milk, etc.