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PDEs Solutions and Applications

The document outlines techniques for formulating and solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), including methods for first-order PDEs, homogeneous linear PDEs, and separation of variables. It details steps for deriving PDEs from relations, applying Lagrange’s method, and solving linear PDEs with constant coefficients. Additionally, it discusses applications of PDEs in modeling one-dimensional heat and wave equations, emphasizing the use of separation of variables and Fourier series for solutions.

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26 views2 pages

PDEs Solutions and Applications

The document outlines techniques for formulating and solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), including methods for first-order PDEs, homogeneous linear PDEs, and separation of variables. It details steps for deriving PDEs from relations, applying Lagrange’s method, and solving linear PDEs with constant coefficients. Additionally, it discusses applications of PDEs in modeling one-dimensional heat and wave equations, emphasizing the use of separation of variables and Fourier series for solutions.

Uploaded by

tommymommy67
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) –

Solving Techniques and Applications


1. Formulation of Partial Differential Equations
Formed by eliminating arbitrary constants or functions from a relation involving two or
more variables.

Example: From z = f(x + ay + bt), differentiate and eliminate f to get a PDE.

Steps:

1. Differentiate the given relation w.r.t. the variables.

2. Eliminate arbitrary constants or functions.

3. Resulting equation is the required PDE.

2. Solution of First Order Partial Differential Equations


General form: F(x, y, z, p, q) = 0 where p = ∂z/∂x and q = ∂z/∂y

Lagrange’s Method:

1. Solve using the auxiliary equations:


dx/P = dy/Q = dz/R

2. Solve these to get two independent solutions u(x, y, z) = c₁ and v(x, y, z) = c₂

3. General solution: φ(u, v) = 0

3. Homogeneous Linear PDEs with Constant Coefficients


Form: f(D, D')z = 0 where D = ∂/∂x and D' = ∂/∂y

Steps:

1. Replace D and D' with m and n to get the auxiliary equation f(m, n) = 0

2. Solve the equation to get roots

3. Form the complementary function (CF) using the roots

4. General solution = CF (no PI for homogeneous case)


4. Method of Separation of Variables
Used for solving linear PDEs with boundary/initial conditions

Assume solution in the form: z(x, y) = X(x)Y(y)

Steps:

1. Substitute in the PDE and separate variables

2. Get two ODEs, one in X and one in Y

3. Solve each ODE and multiply the results to get the complete solution

5. Applications of PDEs in One-Dimensional Heat and Wave Equations


1D Heat Equation: ∂u/∂t = c² ∂²u/∂x²

1D Wave Equation: ∂²u/∂t² = c² ∂²u/∂x²

Solution by separation of variables:

1. Assume u(x, t) = X(x)T(t)

2. Substitute and separate variables to get two ODEs

3. Solve with boundary and initial conditions

4. Combine solutions (often leads to Fourier series representation)

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