S.

Tentishev Asian medical institute

Faculty of General Medicine (5 year program)
Subject: Latin language
1st year 1st semester exam

1. Which of the following terms contains both digraph and diphthong?

Diphthong: is a combination of two vowels, producing one sound and making one
syllable. There are four diphthongs in the Latin language: ae(aeterus), oe(oedema),
au(auris), eu(pleura).
NOTE: äe, öe → read these vowels separately.
Digraph: is a combination of two consonants producing one sound used in Greek origin
words.
ch – [kh], ph – [f], rh – [r], th – [t]
That option will be correct which contains both digraph and
diphthong in it.
2. Indicate group of masculinum nouns?
Musculinum noun endings=us(manus), er(cancer)
3. For which group of adjectives chain of gender endings er-era-erum is correct?
1st group

4. Which of the III declension nouns have Vowel Type stem?

Vowel type - base ends with endings -al, -er.
5. How to indicate stem of Adjective?
 Construct all the gender forms.
 Remove the gender endings:
 Remained and the repeating part will be the stem of the adjective.

6. Which group of adjectives are given in positive form and comparative, superlative forms are
given in ready-made form?

7. Find group of terms containing only adjective making suffixes?

-ic, -al, -ar , -in, -e – related to.
-fer- carrying.
-iv – able to do something.
-genus- causing, caused by.
-id-, -formis- having shape of, resembling, looking like.
-os -containing, covered with.
8. Indicate the group of terms containing all three types of clinical terms?

 Form“cardio” – (heart) are the following:

 cardiogenesis – formation of the heart in the embryo;
 cardiogramma – the graphic tracing made by the stylet of a cardiograph;
 cardiomegalia – enlargement of the heart;
 cardiologus – physician specializing in cardiology;
 cardiometria – measurement of the dimensions of the heart;
 cardiopathia – any disease of the heart; cardiolysis – an operation for breaking up the
adhesions on the heart;
9. Which of the following terms contains only prefixes of quality?
Hyper- increased function: hyperthyroidismus - a condition in which thyroid activity is
increased;
Hypo- decreased function: hypothyroidismus - a state of the patient whose thyroid gland
activity is reduced.
Tachy- fast: tachycardia - heart palpitations
Brady- slow: bradycardia - slow heartbeat
Dys- difficulty or deficiency, pain: dysphasia - difficulty speaking and stating words in a
specific sequence.
Eu- good, healthy: eurrhythmia - the right rhythm
10. Indicate the component elements denoting physiological processes?
 Pnoё – normal breathing/respiration: Dyspnoё (difficulty in breathing);
 Genesis – tissue generation, development: Cardiogenesis (fetus’ heart
formation), osteogenesis (formation of bone tissue);
 Phago-, -Phagia – 1) swallowing; 2) eating: Dysphagia (difficulty in
swallowing), aphagia (inability to swallow);
 Phasia – speaking, voice: Aphasia (loss of voice);
 Opia, -Opsia, -Optica – vision: Cyanopsia (disturbance of vision: vision
only in blue color), diplopia (double vision);
 Poiesis, Poiet- – production: Haemopoiesis (production of blood);
 Necr- – dying; related to dead body: necrobiosis (gradual degeneration and death
of cells in the body tissues);
 Trophia – nourishment: atrophia (wasting away of tissue or organ caused by
inadequate cell nutrition due to poor blood circulation);
11. Semisolid dosage forms are …
 Unguentum, i n  Balsamun, i n
 Pasta, ae f  Gelum, i n
 Suppositorium, i n  Cremor, oris f
 Emplastrum, i n  Pastillus, i m
12. “Signаtura” the third part of prescription contains…
 Way of drug administration (SIGNATURA)
 Doctor’s signature and individual seal (SIGILLUM MEDICI)
 Third part must be written in state language or official language understandable for
the patient.
13. Indicate terms given in sequence: containing digraph, diphthong and letter combination
Diphthongs: ae, oe, au, eu.
Digraph: ch, ph, rh, th.
Letter combination:

14. Which of the following nouns construct Genetivus with ending –i?
Nouns with endings
 Us →i Musculus(muscle)= Musculi(of muscle)
 Um →i Cavum(cavity)= Cavi(of cavity)
 On →i Neuron(neuron)=Neuri(of neuron)
Construct genitivus with ending “i”
15. Indicate adjectives which do not keep letter “e” in femininum and neutrum forms
The most of adjectives with ending –er will not keep letter “e” in femininum and neutrum
forms, but adjectives
celer, liber, asper
will keep letter “e” in all gender forms
16. Adjectives having no positive degree are…

17. For indicating stem of noun we need to

 First step is to construct genetivus form.
 Second step is to remove genetivus endings.
 What is left would be the stem of noun.

18. Indicate group of root-terms borrowed by full transliteration

19. Diminutive suffixes…

Diminutives – ell, ill, ul, cul, ol – construct new nouns with meaning of “small size
structure”
 Globus + ul = Globulus (globule – small ball)
 Vena + ul= Venula (venule – small vein)
 Frenum + ul= Frenulum (frenule – small bridle )
 Canalis + cul= Canaliculus (canaliculus – small canal)
 Tuber + cul= Tuberculum (tubercle-small tuber)
 Genu + cul= Geniculum (geniculum – small knee-like structure)
 Auris + cul= Auricula (auricle – small ear-like structure)
 Bronchus +ol= Bronchiolus (bronchiole)
 Area + ol= Areola (areole – small area)
 Arteria +ol = Arteriola(arteriole – small arteria)
 Lamina + ell = Lamella (lamella – thin layer)
 Cerebrum + ell= Cerebellum (cerebellum – portion of brain)
20. Which terms contain prefixes meaning of color?

21. Which option contains only terms developing meaning of surgical operations?
Component elements denoting surgical procedures:
 Lysis, -lyt- 1) destruction, dissolving; 2) an operation for breaking up the adhesions
in an organ: Cardiolysis (the operation of freeing the heart from its adhesions to the
sternal periosteum in adhesive mediastinopericarditis)
 Tomia – incision, a cutting operation: Pelviotomia (surgical incision into a pubic bone
or renal pelvis), osteotomia, gastrotomia
 Ectomia – removal of any anatomical structure: Appendectomia, splenectomia,
lobectomia (surgical excision of a lobe, as of the lung, brain, liver, or thyroid)
 Stomia – 1) artificial or surgical opening; 2) creation of an anastomosis:
Gastrostomia, nephrostomia, choledostomia (formation of an artificial passage through
the abdominal wall and into the common bile duct to remove gallstones)
 Pexia – fixation, usually surgical: Hepatopexia, hysteropexia (a lifting up and
reinforcing the support structures of a uterus)
 Rrhaphia – surgical suturing: Neurorrhaphia, tendorrhaphia (the surgical suturing of
a divided tendon)
 Plastica – plastic surgery; restoration of the shape and function of organs and
tissues: Rhinoplastica, otoplastica, alloplastica (surgical repair or replacement of tissue
and organs with inorganic or synthetic materials);
22. What is allowed to abbreviate in prescriptions?
In prescriptions they usually make abbreviations for:
 Names of drug forms
 Names of parts of plants
 Standard prescription formulations: directions to a pharmacist.
They forbid making abbreviations of plant names and of names of drugs to prevent confusion
and wrong interpretation of drug names. Or
 Standard prescription phrases.
 Common prescription phrases.
 Pharmaceutical forms.
 Names of parts of drug plants.
23. Indicate option containing only liquid dosage forms
 solutio, onis f  decoctum, i n  gutta, ae f
 mucilago, inis f  tinctura, ae f  sirupus, i m
 emulsum, i n  extractum, i n  oleum, i n
 suspensio, onis f  mixtura, ae f
 infusio, onis f  linimentum, i n
24. Which standard prescription phrase must be written with exclamation mark?
 Singularis  Pluralis  Meaning
 Sterilisa!  Sterilisate!  Sterilize!
25. Consonant “s” does not produce sound [z] in case of …
Constant S produces sound [z] - between two vowels; between a vowel and consonants m, n,
r, l.
Tonsilla
26. Genetivus ending “–is” common for…
It is common for the 3rd Declension nouns (M, F&N) to have genetivus ending “is”

27. Latin adjectives can have three gender form, but

Only masculinum form of Latin adjective is given, other two gender
forms(femininum and neutrum) are to be constructed.
28. Consonant stem is indicated by
 Consonant type-base ends with one consonant/or
 Stem ending at consonant.

29. Compound term is a term containing

Compound terms are the terms consisting of one or more root word, prefix, and suffix and
component elements connected by a combining vowel.

30. Indicate group of adjective suffixes

 -ic, -al, -ar , -in, -e – related to.
 -fer- carrying.
 -iv – able to do something.
 -genus- causing, caused by.
 -id-, -formis- having shape of, resembling, looking like.
 -os -containing, covered with.
31. Prefixes develop meaning of
 Location
 Direction
 Quality
 Quantity
 Color
 Absence
 Terminological prefixes

32. Indicate component elements denoting diagnostic methods

 Scopia (study, inspection) –an action or activity involving the use of an instrument for
viewing: Bronchoscopia – visualizing the inside of the airways
 Graphia (to write) – registration of the work of the organ; 2. X-ray examination:
Electroencephalographia –method of recording brain’s electric activity
 Gramma – [Link] written (a line or tracing denoting varying values of commodities,
temperatures, etc.); 2. result of X-ray examination: myogramma – record of electrical
signals obtained by recording muscular contractions
 Metria – measurement: Cephalometria - measurement of foetus head size
33. Which Common Stems reflect chemical composition of drug?
-acet(yl)- the presence of acetylsalicylic acid
-aeth(yl) the presence of ethyl, ethylene
-arsen- the presence of arsenic
-az(o)- the presence of nitrogen or "nitrogen group"
-bis- the presence of bismuth
-fer(r)- the presence of iron
-glyc- the presence of glucose, sugar
-io- the presence of iodine
-merc- the presence of mercury
-meth(yl)- the presence of methyl, methylene
-ox(y)- the presence of oxygen
-phen(yl)- the presence of phenyl
-phosph- the presence of phosphorus
-phthor- the presence of fluoride
-thi(o)- the presence of thio salts, thio acids
-yl- the presence of acid and hydrocarbon radicals
-zid-, -zin-, -zol- the presence of nitrogen or "nitrogen groups"
ephedr- from Greek. “Ephedra” - “needles”
phyll- from Greek. “Phyllon” - “leaf”
-phyt- from Greek. “Phyton” - “plant”
theo- from Latinized Chinese “thea” - “tea”

34. In which option vitamin names are coming in order Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin C
 Vitaminum A - Axerophtholum – Retinolum
 Vitaminum B1 - Thiaminum
 Vitaminum B2 - Riboflavinum
 Vitaminum B6 - Pyridoxinum
 Vitaminum B12 - Cyanocobalaminum
 Vitaminum C - Acidum ascorbinicum
35. Which dosage forms group is only semisolid …?
• Unguentum, i n • Balsamun, i n
• Pasta, ae f • Gelum, i n
• Suppositorium, i n • Cremor, oris f
• Emplastrum, i n • Pastillus, i m

36. Which phrases indicate instructions on application of drugs (duration, frequency etc.)?
 the signature section:
Signature (Instruction to patient)
37. In what cases “x” produces sound [kz]?
When “X” comes between two vowels it produces the [kz] sound
38. Which nouns construct Genetivus form with the help of ending –us
Musculinum

39. Group of adjective indicated by…

By their masculinum form ending, which are classified into two groups
 adjectives having ending –us, -er belong to the first group
 adjectives having ending –is belong to the second group
40. Comparativus forms are constructed by using structures…
For constructing Comparativus we use following structures:
 stem+ior – for masculinum femininum
 stem+ius – for neutrum
 stem+ioris – for Genetivus all genders
41. Mixed Type stems are characterized by…
Mixed type - stem ends with two consonants or endings -is, -es.
42. Pharmacy is branch of Medicine dealing with…
Manufacturing, standardization, research, storage and dispensing of medicine as the means
used for diagnosis prevention, treatment or
Pharmacy is a field of medicine studying exploration, obtaining, production and application of
drugs of plant, mineral, animal and synthetic origin
43. Drug substance of natural origin means…
* used for diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases.

44. What are the meanings of suffix -ismus?

-Ismus means deviation, syndrome or addiction or poisoning
45. Prefixes with meaning “under”
Sub-, infra-, hypo- means under
46. Inscriptio part of prescription contains
 The name of a medical establishment (stamp) and code
 The date of prescribing medicine (DATUM)
 Name of a patient (NOMEN AEGROTI)
 Age (AETAS AEGROTI)
 Doctor’s name (NOMEN MEDICI)

47. Which option contains only B Vitamins?

 Vitaminum A - Axerophtholum – Retinolum
 Vitaminum B1 - Thiaminum
 Vitaminum B2 - Riboflavinum
 Vitaminum B6 - Pyridoxinum
 Vitaminum B12 - Cyanocobalaminum
 Vitaminum C - Acidum ascorbinicum

48. In which case “c” produces sound [ts]?

“C” produce sound [ts] before the sounds [e], [ɪ], expressed through e, ae, oe, i, y;
49. Which nouns belong to III declension?
Masculine, Feminine, Neutrum.

50. Second group adjectives construct gender forms by chain of endings…

Masculinium Feminine Neutrum
Is is e

51. Comparativus forms of “magnus”

M/F N
Major Majus

52. Suffix –fer means

fer- carrying.
53. One word terms are divided into

54. Prefixes are one of the

Way of term building by attaching prefix to root-words and component elements.
55. Component elements are
Final meaningful part of a compound term, developing terminological meaning about
science, and classifying the clinical term into terminological groups
56. Pasta is type of ointment containing
Powdered substances more than 20-25%
57. Common stems indicating hormones
*Cort, cortic, progest(er), insul, stan, vir, parathyr, pitu,
andr-, -test-, -ster- steroid hormones13 – androgens
-oestr-, -estr- steroid hormones – estrogens
-thyr- thyrotrophic hormone

58. Name of drug based on name of active substance is

The international non-proprietary name(INN) is based on the name of the “active substance” -
a drug that determines the healing properties of a given drug.
59. Which of the options is name of organic acid?
IDK
60. Which of the following is not type of ointment?
Below are the name of some ointments
 unguentum, i n
 pasta,ae f
 balsamum, i n
 gelum, i n
 cremor, oris f
 linimentum, i n
Choose the correct option according to the given option.
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