// method overloading // Rectangle input
[Link](“Enter length of rectangle: “);
Import [Link].*; Double length = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](“Enter breadth of rectangle: “);
Class Shape { Double breadth = [Link]([Link]());
// Area of rectangle: length * breadth [Link](“Rectangle Area: “ + [Link](length, breadth));
Public double area(double length, double breadth) {
Return length * breadth; // Triangle input
} [Link](“Enter base of triangle: “);
Double base = [Link]([Link]());
// Area of triangle: 0.5 * base * height [Link](“Enter height of triangle: “);
Public double area(double base, double height, boolean isTriangle) { Double height = [Link]([Link]());
If (isTriangle) { [Link](“Triangle Area: “ + [Link](base, height, true));
Return 0.5 * base * height;
} // Circle input
Return -1; // Invalid case [Link](“Enter radius of circle: “);
} Float radius = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](“Circle Area: “ + [Link](radius));
// Area of circle: π * radius * radius }
Public double area(float radius) { }
Return [Link] * radius * radius;
Public class Exam {
Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Bu eredReader reader = new Bu eredReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
Shape shape = new Shape();
// single inheritance If (balance – amount >= MIN_BALANCE) {
Balance -= amount;
Import [Link].*; [Link](“Withdrawn: “ + amount);
} else {
Class Account { [Link](“Error: Insu icient balance or withdrawal would go below minimum balance.”);
String acno; // Account number }
String name; // Account holder’s name }
Public Account(String acno, String name) { Public void displayBalance() {
[Link] = acno; [Link](“Account: “ + acno);
[Link] = name; [Link](“Name: “ + name);
} [Link](“Current Balance: “ + balance);
} }
Class Savings extends Account {
Double balance; Public class Exam {
Final double MIN_BALANCE = 1000; Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader([Link]);
Public Savings(String acno, String name, double initialBalance) { Bu eredReader br = new Bu eredReader(isr);
Super(acno, name);
[Link] = initialBalance >= MIN_BALANCE ? initialBalance : MIN_BALANCE; // Create an Account and Savings object
} [Link](“Enter Account Number: “);
String acno = [Link]();
Public void deposit(double amount) { [Link](“Enter Account Holder’s Name: “);
Balance += amount; String name = [Link]();
[Link](“Deposited: “ + amount);
} Savings account = new Savings(acno, name, 1500); // Initial balance 1500
Public void withdraw(double amount) { Boolean exit = false;
While (!exit) { }
[Link](“\nBank Menu:”); }
[Link](“1. Deposit”);
[Link](“2. Withdraw”); [Link]();
[Link](“3. Display Balance”); }
[Link](“4. Exit”); }
[Link](“Choose an option: “);
Int choice = [Link]([Link]());
Switch (choice) {
Case 1:
[Link](“Enter deposit amount: “);
Double depositAmount = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](depositAmount);
Break;
Case 2:
[Link](“Enter withdrawal amount: “);
Double withdrawAmount = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](withdrawAmount);
Break;
Case 3:
[Link]();
Break;
Case 4:
[Link](“Exiting…”);
Exit = true;
Break;
Default:
[Link](“Invalid choice. Please try again.”);
// exeption If (math < 60 || phy < 60 || chem < 60) {
Throw new ArithmeticException(“Not eligible: Marks in one or more subjects below 60%”);
Import [Link].*; }
Public class Exam { If (percentage < 50) {
Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Throw new ArithmeticException(“Not eligible: Total percentage below 50%”);
Index obj = new Index(); }
[Link]();
} [Link](“Eligible. Total Percentage: “ + percentage + “%”);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
Class Index { [Link]([Link]());
Public void calculate() throws IOException { }
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader([Link]); }
Bu eredReader br = new Bu eredReader(isr); }
Try {
[Link](“Enter Math marks: “);
Int math = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](“Enter Physics marks: “);
Int phy = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](“Enter Chemistry marks: “);
Int chem = [Link]([Link]());
Double total = math + phy + chem;
Double percentage = total / 3.0;
// multi level inheritance }
Import [Link].*; Public double calculateTotalMarks() {
Return (ceMarks / 50.0) * 100 + (eseMarks / 75.0) * 100;
Class Student { }
String regNo; // Registration number
String name; // Name of the student Public String calculateGrade() {
Double totalMarks = calculateTotalMarks();
Public Student(String regNo, String name) { If (totalMarks >= 85) {
[Link] = regNo; Return “A”;
[Link] = name; } else if (totalMarks >= 70) {
} Return “B”;
} } else if (totalMarks >= 50) {
Return “C”;
Class CE_Marks extends Student { } else {
Double ceMarks; // Continuous Evaluation marks Return “F”;
Public CE_Marks(String regNo, String name, double ceMarks) { }
Super(regNo, name);
[Link] = ceMarks; Public void displayDetails() {
} [Link](“Registration Number: “ + regNo);
} [Link](“Name: “ + name);
[Link](“CE Marks: “ + ceMarks + “/50”);
Class ESE_Marks extends CE_Marks { [Link](“ESE Marks: “ + eseMarks + “/75”);
Double eseMarks; // End-Semester Exam marks [Link](“Total Marks: “ + calculateTotalMarks());
[Link](“Grade: “ + calculateGrade());
Public ESE_Marks(String regNo, String name, double ceMarks, double eseMarks) { }
Super(regNo, name, ceMarks); }
[Link] = eseMarks;
Public class Exam { // interface
Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader([Link]); Import [Link].*;
Bu eredReader br = new Bu eredReader(isr);
Interface Savings {
// Get student details Void withdraw(double amount);
[Link](“Enter Registration Number: “); Double MIN_BAL = 500;
String regNo = [Link](); }
[Link](“Enter Name: “);
String name = [Link](); Class Account implements Savings {
[Link](“Enter CE Marks (out of 50): “); String acno;
Double ceMarks = [Link]([Link]()); String name;
[Link](“Enter ESE Marks (out of 75): “); String address;
Double eseMarks = [Link]([Link]()); Double bal;
// Create an instance of ESE_Marks and display the details Account(String acno, String name, String address, double bal) {
ESE_Marks student = new ESE_Marks(regNo, name, ceMarks, eseMarks); [Link] = acno;
[Link](); [Link] = name;
} [Link] = address;
} [Link] = bal >= MIN_BAL ? bal : MIN_BAL;
Public void deposit(double amount) {
If (amount > 0) {
Bal += amount;
[Link](“Deposited: “ + amount);
} else {
[Link](“Invalid deposit amount.”);
}
} [Link](“Enter Address: “);
String addr = [Link]();
Public void withdraw(double amount) { [Link](“Enter Initial Balance: “);
If (amount > 0 && (bal – amount) >= MIN_BAL) { Double bal = [Link]([Link]());
Bal -= amount;
[Link](“Withdrawn: “ + amount); Account account = new Account(acno, name, addr, bal);
} else {
[Link](“Cannot withdraw. Balance would fall below minimum.”); Boolean running = true;
} While (running) {
} [Link](“\n--- Menu ---“);
[Link](“1. Deposit”);
Public void enquiry() { [Link](“2. Withdraw”);
[Link](“\nAccount Details:”); [Link](“3. Enquiry”);
[Link](“Account Number: “ + acno); [Link](“4. Exit”);
[Link](“Name: “ + name); [Link](“Choose an option: “);
[Link](“Address: “ + address); Int choice = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](“Current Balance: “ + bal);
} Switch (choice) {
} Case 1:
[Link](“Enter deposit amount: “);
Public class Exam { Double dep = [Link]([Link]());
Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { [Link](dep);
Bu eredReader br = new Bu eredReader(new InputStreamReader([Link])); Break;
// Get account details before menu Case 2:
[Link](“Enter Account Number: “); [Link](“Enter withdrawal amount: “);
String acno = [Link](); Double wdr = [Link]([Link]());
[Link](“Enter Name: “); [Link](wdr);
String name = [Link](); Break;
Case 3:
[Link]();
Break;
Case 4:
Running = false;
[Link](“Exiting…”);
Break;
Default:
[Link](“Invalid choice.”);
