Roof Design
and Materials
A roof is more than that structure above your head.
What is a ROOF?
Protection
Aesthetics https://charliesroadtofame.wordpress.com/2019/07/10/listeni
ng-to-the-rain-on-the-roof/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iglesia-ni-Cristo
Identity
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica
How do you select roofing materials?
Cost
Availability https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/gi-roofing-sheets-
12627837491.html https://www.burnbankroofing.co.uk/slating-tiling-ayr/
Maintenance
http://www.houseofharperblog.com/5-simple-tips-for-effective-roof- http://rayahsolar.com/blog/homes/a-roof-over-head-
maintenance/ roof-maintenance-and-protection/
How do you select roofing materials?
Context
Natural
Conditions Photo by Trish Feaster Source: Robinson Beach house from Booking.com
Preference
Source: Metapicture.com Source: Cour de Sanglier, Pinterest
Emilio Aguinaldo house
Kawit, Cavite
Source: Keystone View Company via John Tewell.
Source: https://www.gwt.org.uk/.
How do you select roofing materials?
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsummer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fpuyatsteel.com%2Flongspan-steel-
https://unsplash.com/photos/QxFmvKlsxas roofing%2F&psig=AOvVaw0O2qL-
yieHDamm8ck4BuVH&ust=1614215094520000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCOjBto
Gqge8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
1. METAL ROOFING
Most popular in the Philippines Life of 20 to 50 years
Pitched typically 3-in-12 Several selection of colors
Highly customizable Major uses: residential, commercial
Will not stain adjoining materials if and institutional buildings
galvanized and painted
https://www.sheehan.com.ph/roofing.html
1. METAL ROOFING
Roof Accessories
https://www.sheehan.com.ph/roofing.html
1. METAL ROOFING
Roof Accessories
FLASHING – Metal molding RIDGE – Horizontal line at the VALLEY – V-cut angle along
that prevents water from top of a roof junction of two slopes of roof
infiltrating roofs
https://www.roofersguild.com/residential-roofing/roof-flashing/ https://in.onduline.com/en/faq/glossary/what-roof-ridge Source: interlock@lifetime metal roof system
1. METAL ROOFING
Roof Accessories
HIP – External angle where GABLE – triangular section GUTTER – duct for water
adjacent sloping sides of a of wall at the end of a discharge
roof meet pitched roof DOWNSPOUT – Channel
transporting rainwater from
gutter to catch basin.
https://www.iko.com/na/learning-center/roofing-101/hip-roof-vs- https://www.baysideplasterboard.com.au/the-difference-
Source: designingbuildings wiki
gable-roof// between-eaves-and-soffits/
1. METAL ROOFING
Roof Accessories
EAVES – Edges of the roof FASCIA – Trim at the SOFFIT – Component
that protects the exterior edge of the eave under the overhang
siding of the structure
https://www.iko.com/na/learning-center/roofing-101/hip-roof-vs- https://atlantacommercialroofingcontractors.com/what-is-a-soffit-why-you-need-it/
gable-roof//
SOFFIT (EAVES) MATERIALS
Aluminum – Color and texture baked in; Life: 20+ years
Wood – Dependent on type and treatment of wood; Life: 5 to 15
years
UPVC (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride) – Comes in different colors
but may fade; Life: 10 to 20 years
Vinyl – Comes in different colors but may fade; Life: 10 to 20 years
Steel – Available in multiple colors and textures; Life: 25+ years
Fibre Cement Board – Durable but needs more frequent repainting;
Life: 30+ years when properly installed
1. METAL ROOFING
Bases of metal sheet are imported,
mostly from China
Bases are flat sheets which are extruded
through machines to desired profile
Three components: metal, galvanize,
paint
Usually comes in Gauge 24 or 26. The
smaller the gauge, the thicker the sheet
More flexible sheets are desired
https://www.sheehan.com.ph/roofing.html
2. CEMENT OR CLAY
ROOF TILES
Type of roof –pitched
Maximum life of better than 20 years
Will not stain adjoining materials
Very limited selection of colors
Fire resistant
Major use: residential building
Disadvantages
Requires extra framing due to weight
Costlier than asphalt, metal or wood
May break if walked on
3. SHINGLES
Type of roof –pitched
Maximum life of 20 years for some
types
Will not stain adjoining materials
Wide selection of colors
Limited fire resistance
Major uses: All types of buildings
https://www.roofingcalc.com/best-roofing-materials/?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=
https://www.multi-line.com.ph/products/multi-line-structures-corporation/roofing/asphalt-roof-shingles/
4. WOOD SHINGLES
Type of roof –pitched
Maximum life of 15 years if
not stained or painted
Will become gray if not
stained
Not fire resistant
Major uses: Residential
buildings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_shingle
https://theconstructor.org/building/top-1o-roof-shingles-building-construction/36806/
4. WOOD SHINGLES
Photo by Paolo Plopenio
4. ASPHALT BUILT-UP
Type of Roof - Flat or slightly pitched roof
Maximum life of 20 years
Will not stain adjoining materials
No selection of colors except for granule
topping
Requires skilled craftsmen to install
Can be used as terrace with tile or
concrete surface
Mainly composed of bitumen material,
ply sheets, surfacing material
Major uses: All types of buildings
https://www.mcstayqualityroofing.com/how-do-you-repair-a-built-up-roof/
4. ASPHALT BUILT-UP
Slag or Gravel in Asphalt
Ply sheet with Roofing Asphalt
Venting Base Sheet with Roofing Asphalt
Roofing Asphalt
Insulation
Decking
https://www.heritageohio.org/2018/09/10/architectural-description-make-application-national-register-historic-
places/
5. ALUMINUM SHEETS
Type of roof – Pitched
Will not stain adjoining materials
Requires no painting
Reflective insulation value
Lightweight and fire resistant
Commercial life of 20 years or better
Difficult to solder
No color selection except in enameled
type
Must be insulated from non-compatible
materials to stop galvanic or corrosive
action
Major uses: industrial and farm buildings
https://www.metalarchitecture.com/projects/aluminum-roof-fits-in-saltwater-environment
6. ALUMINUM SHINGLES
Type of roof – Pitched
With range of colors and types,
easily installed
Looks like Asphalt shingles
Lightweight and fire resistant
Must be insulated from non-
compatible materials to stop
galvanic or corrosive action
Major uses: Residential and small
commercial buildings
https://www.forbes.com/sites/sherikoones/2019/07/17/metal-shingles--a-great-roofing-
solution/?sh=50b0adb55e06
7. ASBESTOS
Type of roof – Pitched
Will not stain adjoining materials
Easily installed
Life of better than 20 years
Fire resistant
Limited selection of colors
Major uses: Residential buildings
Toxicity level: Medium
https://www.asbestos-testing-uk.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-
asbestos-roofing-sheet-and-roof-components
8. SOLAR SHINGLES
Type of roof – Pitched
Very expensive but produces
electricity
Usually covers partial roof area only
Installed on south side of the roof
Life span of 20 to 25 years
9. GLASS
Type of roof – Slightly sloped
Very expensive
Usually covers partial roof area only or
for walks, terraces and canopies
Life span of 20 to 25 years
Can be single or multi-panel
https://www.cantifix.co.uk/blog/choosing-a-glass-roof---everything-
you-need-to-know-about-glass-
roofing/#:~:text=Glass%20roofs%20are%20one%20of%20the%20most
%20effective%20ways%20of,interior%20spaces%20with%20natural%2
0light.
10. POLYCARBONATE
Type of roof – Sloped or curved
Durable despite its lightness
Blocks UV light
Resistant to heat, sunlight, rain
Does not fade easily
Scratches and dents easily
Can come as webbed design or solid
Comes in several thicknesses https://www.tuflite.com/blog/how-to-repair-minor-faults-in-your-
polycarbonate-roof
https://urbansplatter.com/2020/03/the-benefits-of-
using-polycarbonate-roofing-in-construction/
Concrete Slab Roofing
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Cross-section-of-the-roof-before-renovation-The-roof-detail-consists-of-a-hollow_fig1_254221398
Other Roofing Materials
Stainless Steel
Steel Shingles
Terneplate
Textiles
Wood
Zinc
ROOF STYLES
https://homesthetics.net/roof-types/
ROOF STYLES
SKILLION/ LEAN-TO
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
OPEN GABLE
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
DORMER
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
HIP
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
HIP AND VALLEY
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
GAMBREL
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
MANSARD
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
BUTTERFLY
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
DUTCH GABLE
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
JERKINHEAD
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
FLAT
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
SHED
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
M SHAPED
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
ROOF STYLES
SALTBOX
https://www.decoraid.com/blog/roof-types
GREEN ROOF
https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/green-roof-living-roof-designs
GREEN ROOF
https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/green-roof-living-roof-designs
https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/using-green-roofs-reduce-heat-islands
ROOF TRUSS
TRUSS
• Structure consisting of members
• Triangulated system of
interconnected structural system
support usually made of steel or
wood
• Able to span long distance with
light structural materials
• Most common use it to support
roofs, floors and internal loadings
https://www.sheehan.com.ph/roofing.html
https://mtcopeland.com/blog/what-is-a-truss/#:~:text=A%20truss%20is%20a%20web,to%20resist%20being%20pulled%20apart.
ROOF TRUSS
https://civilsuccessonline.com/what-is-truss-components-of-truss/
SPAN - Distance between the two supports (i.e. Metal Column or Post or Built-up column etc.)
PRINCIPAL RAFTER/TOP CHORD - Member of roof truss from End support to the Ridge Point
- Main function is to support the purlins and carry compression forces
MAIN TIE OR BOTTOM CHORD - One of the most important components of the truss as it takes tension
SAG TIE - The vertical member joining ridge point and Midpoint of main Tie or Bottom Chord
RIDGE POINT - Highest Point of the truss
https://civilsuccessonline.com/what-is-truss-components-of-truss/
EAVES POINT - Edge of the truss
PANEL POINT OR NODAL POINT - where vertical or inclined members are connected to the principal rafter
PURLIN member - Supported on the Panel Points of two consecutive roof truss
SAG RODS - Used to connect two purlins. It controls the deflection and transmits the gravity load to the supporting
member
RISE - Vertical distance from main tie to the Ridge
PITCH - Ratio of Rise and Span
https://civilsuccessonline.com/what-is-truss-components-of-truss/
KING POST TRUSS
• Two top chords
• One bottom chord
• Center vertical post
(King Post)
• Simplest form of truss
https://engineeringtich.blogspot.com/2018/10/king-post-truss.html.
QUEEN POST TRUSS
• With two shorter posts
supporting the top and
bottom chords
• May have openings with a
longer span compared to
the King
• More structural stability
• More space to add a room
https://engineeringtich.blogspot.com/2018/10/queen-post-roof-truss.html
https://mtcopeland.com/blog/what-is-a-truss/#:~:text=A%20truss%20is%20a%20web,to%20resist%20being%20pulled%20apart.
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN CHOOSING ROOF MATERIALS
AND DESIGN:
• What kind of specialized installation will this material
need? Are skilled installers available?
• Are there a variety of colors and styles available in
this material that complement your structure?
• Does the material meet the local codes in the area?
(subdivision policies, fire code, etc)
• Are there special installation and maintenance
techniques to consider?
• Depending on frequent weather conditions in your
area, what kind of performance can each material
best provide you?
• What is the cost, lifespan, and warranty for each
home roofing material?
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