Problem Statement - IS Project - Guided
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Problem 1:
An independent research organization is trying to estimate the
probability that an accident at a nuclear power plant will result in
radiation leakage. The types of accidents possible at the plant are,
fire hazards, mechanical failure, or human error. The research
organization also knows that two or more types of accidents cannot
occur simultaneously.
According to the studies carried out by the organization, the
probability of a radiation leak in case of a fire is 20%, the probability
of a radiation leak in case of a mechanical 50%, and the probability of
a radiation leak in case of a human error is 10%. The studies also
showed the following;
The probability of a radiation leak occurring simultaneously with fire is 0.1%.
The probability of a radiation leak occurring simultaneously with a mechanical
failure is 0.15%.
The probability of a radiation leak occurring simultaneously with a human error
is 0.12%.
On the basis of the information available, answer the questions
below:
1.1 What are the probabilities of a fire, a mechanical failure, and a
human error respectively?
1.2 What is the probability of a radiation leak?
1.3 Suppose there has been a radiation leak in the reactor for which
the definite cause is not known. What is the probability that it has
been caused by:
a) a fire?
b) a mechanical failure?
c) a human error?
Problem 2:
Grades of the final examination in a training course are found to be
normally distributed, with a mean of 77 and a standard deviation of
8.5. Based on the given information answer the questions below.
2.1 What is the probability that a randomly chosen student gets a
grade below 85 on this exam?
2.2 What is the probability that a randomly selected student scores
between 65 and 87?
2.3 What should be the passing cut-off so that 75% of the students
clear the exam?
Problem 3:
Business Context
The advent of e-news, or electronic news, portals has offered us a
great opportunity to quickly get updates on the day-to-day events
occurring globally. The information on these portals is retrieved
electronically from online databases, processed using a variety of
software, and then transmitted to the users. There are multiple
advantages of transmitting news electronically, like faster access to
the content and the ability to utilize different technologies such as
audio, graphics, video, and other interactive elements that are either
not being used or aren’t common yet in traditional newspapers.
E-news Express, an online news portal, aims to expand its business
by acquiring new subscribers. With every visitor to the website taking
certain actions based on their interest, the company plans to analyze
these actions to understand user interests and determine how to
drive better engagement. The executives at E-news Express are of
the opinion that there has been a decline in new monthly subscribers
compared to the past year because the current web page is not
designed well enough in terms of the outline & recommended
content to keep customers engaged long enough to make a decision
to subscribe.
[Companies often analyze user responses to two variants of a
product to decide which of the two variants is more effective. This
experimental technique, known as A/B testing, is used to determine
whether a new feature attracts users based on a chosen metric.]
Objective
The design team of the company has researched and created a new
landing page that has a new outline & more relevant content shown
compared to the old page. In order to test the effectiveness of the
new landing page in gathering new subscribers, the Data Science
team conducted an experiment by randomly selecting 100 users and
dividing them equally into two groups. The existing landing page was
served to the first group (control group) and the new landing page to
the second group (treatment group). Data regarding the interaction
of users in both groups with the two versions of the landing page was
collected. Being a data scientist in E-news Express, you have been
asked to explore the data and perform a statistical analysis (at a
significance level of 5%) to determine the effectiveness of the new
landing page in gathering new subscribers for the news portal by
answering the following questions:
1. Do the users spend more time on the new landing page than on the existing
landing page?
2. Does the converted status depend on the preferred language?
3. Is the mean time spent on the new page the same for the different language
users?
Data Dictionary
The data contains information regarding the interaction of users in
both groups with the two versions of the landing page.
1. user_id - Unique user ID of the person visiting the website
2. group - Whether the user belongs to the first group (control) or the second
group (treatment)
3. landing_page - Whether the landing page is new or old
4. time_spent_on_the_page - Time (in minutes) spent by the user on the landing
page
5. converted - Whether the user gets converted to a subscriber of the news portal
or not
6. language_preferred - language chosen by the user to view the landing page
