NAME:
MATRIC NO:HCSF/23/00
COURSE CODE: COM 428
COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
HANDOUT ASSIGNMENT
1. What do you understand by research? Explain its Significance in modern times.
Definition of Research
Research is a systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising facts.
It involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to answer specific questions or
solve problems.
Significance of Research in Modern Times
Knowledge Advancement: Research contributes to the expansion of knowledge in various fields,
leading to innovations and improvements in technology, medicine, and social sciences.
Informed Decision-Making: It provides empirical evidence that supports decision-making in
policy, business strategies, and personal choices.
Problem Solving: Research identifies problems and proposes solutions, addressing societal
challenges such as health crises, environmental issues, and economic disparities.
Education and Learning: It enhances educational practices, helping educators develop effective
teaching methods and curricula based on evidence.
Global Competitiveness: Nations that invest in research and development tend to lead in
technological advancements and economic growth.
2. Describe the different types of research, clearly pointing out the difference between an
experiment and a survey
Different Types of Research
1. Basic Research: Aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of fundamental principles
without immediate practical application.
2. Applied Research: Focuses on solving specific, practical problems.
3. Qualitative Research: Explores phenomena through non-numerical data, such as
interviews and observations.
4. Quantitative Research: Involves numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses.
Difference Between Experiment and Survey
Experiment:
Purpose: Tests hypotheses by manipulating variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Method: Involves controlled conditions, random assignment, and often a control group.
Data: Typically quantitative, providing measurable results.
Survey:
Purpose: Gathers information about opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a group.
Method: Uses questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample population.
Data: Can be qualitative or quantitative but primarily focuses on descriptive statistics.
3. Short Notes
Motivation in Research
Motivation in research refers to the underlying reasons or drives that inspire individuals to
engage in the research process. This can include curiosity, the desire to solve a problem, the need
for academic advancement, or the aspiration to contribute to societal knowledge. A motivated
researcher is more likely to persist through challenges and produce meaningful results.
Objectives of Research
The objectives of research define the specific goals that the researcher aims to achieve. Common
objectives include:
To explore a particular phenomenon or issue.
To describe characteristics or behaviors of a population.
To explain relationships between variables.
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or programs.
To generate new theories or models.
4. Differences Between Exploratory, Descriptive, and Explanatory Research
a. Exploratory Research
Purpose: To explore a problem or phenomenon when little is known.
Characteristics: Flexible and open-ended; often qualitative; aims to generate hypotheses rather
than test them.
Example: Conducting interviews to understand consumer behavior in a new market.
b. Descriptive Research
Purpose: To provide a detailed account of a phenomenon or population.
Characteristics: Uses quantitative methods; seeks to describe characteristics without
manipulating variables.
Example: A survey measuring the demographics and preferences of a specific group.
c. Explanatory Research
Purpose: To explain the reasons behind a phenomenon or the relationships between variables.
Characteristics: Often employs quantitative methods; aims to establish cause-and-effect
relationships.
Example: A study investigating how social media usage affects mental health outcomes.
