D”P gva¨wgK ● A_©bxwZ (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

Aa¨vq-8: LvRbv
1. Rbve gywbiæ¾vgvb Gi †QvU GKLÛ Rwgi cvk w`‡q DÏxc‡K jÿ Kiv hvq Rbve gywbiæ¾vgv‡bi †QvU
nvBI‡q ˆZwi nIqvq Zvi Rwgi `vg K‡qK¸Y e„w× GKLÛ Rwgi cvk w`‡q nvBI‡q ‰Zwi nIqvq Zvi
cvq| G my‡hv‡M wZwb D”P `v‡g RwgwU weµq K‡i Rwgi `vg K‡qK¸Y †e‡o hvq| GB my‡hv‡M wZwb
`~ieZ©x GjvKvq Kg `v‡gi Rwg µq K‡i emev‡mi Rwg D”P `v‡g wewµ K‡i Ab¨ GjvKvq Kg `v‡g Rwg
e¨e¯’v K‡ib Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi bq GKi Rwg µq K‡i emevm ïiæ K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi †h AwZwi³
Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ fvov †bb| cÖ_‡g wZb GKi Rwgi Avq n‡q‡Q Zvi Rb¨ Zv‡K †Kv‡bv e¨q Ki‡Z nqwb|
†gvU Avq 12,000 UvKv, wØZxq wZb GKi Rwgi ïay IB GjvKvq †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v DbœwZ nIqvi
†gvU Avq 8000 UvKv Ges Z…Zxq wZb GKi Rwgi Kvi‡Y Zvi GB AwZwi³ Avq n‡h‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq
†gvU Avq 6000 UvKv| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi Rwg‡Z dmj DÏxc‡Ki gywbiæ¾vgv‡bi Rwg weµ‡qi Avq n‡jv
Pv‡li †gvU e¨q 6000 UvKv| AbycvwR©Z Avq|
K. wbg LvRbv Kx? N. wb‡P DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv
L. LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© wjL? Z‡Ë¡i we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Rbve gywbiæ¾vgvb Rwgi weµ‡qi ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v g‡b K‡ib LvRbv n‡”Q Rwgi gvwjK
Avq‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Avq ejv hvq Zv hyw³mn I Awebk¦i ÿgZvi cÖwZ`vb| G ÿgZv ej‡Z wZwb
†jL| Rwgi De©iv kw³‡KB wb‡`©k K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z me
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ Rwgi De©iv kw³ mgvb bq, G †ÿ‡Î DrK…ó I wbK…ó
we‡kølY K‡iv| Rwg i‡q‡Q| Gi Drcbœ dm‡ji cv_©‡K¨i Ici
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi LvRbv wbf©i K‡i| wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z †h Rwgi Drcv`b
K. gvby‡li m„ó Drcv`‡bi DcKiY n‡Z ¯^íKv‡j †h LiP I Avq ci¯úi mgvb †miƒc Rwg‡K
AwZwi³ Avq cvIqv hvq Zv‡K wbg LvRbv e‡j| LvRbvwenxb Rwg ev cÖvwšÍK Rwg ejv nq| myZivs
L. wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ Abymv‡i LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍfz©³ wewfbœ cÖKvi Rwgi De©iv kw³i cv_©‡K¨i Rb¨
bq| A_©vr LvRbv †`Iqvi d‡j dm‡ji `vg ev‡o bv LvRbvi m„wó nq| GRb¨ wZwb LvRbv‡K Drcv`‡Ki
eis `vg e„w×i d‡jB LvRbvi D™¢e nq| DØ„Ë ev cv_©K¨RwbZ cÖvwß e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v g‡b K‡ib cÖvwšÍK Rwg‡Z Drcvw`Z DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq Rvbve gywbiæ¾vgvb Pvlvev`K…Z
dmj wewµ K‡i ïay Drcv`b LiP D‡V gvÎ Z_v Gi cÖ_g wZb GKi Rwgi †gvU Avq 12,000 UvKv wØZxq
DØ„Ë †Kv‡bv Avq nq bv| ZvB cÖvwšÍK Rwgi LvRbv wZb GKi Rwgi Avq 8000 UvKv Ges Z…Zxq wZb
w`‡Z nq bv| Avevi `vg e„w×i d‡j LvRbvi D™¢e GKi Rwgi †gvU Avq 6000 UvKv| cÖ‡Z¨K wZb
nq Ges `vg †ewk n‡jI LvRbv †ewk nq| ZvB `vg GKi Rwg‡Z Pv‡li e¨q 6000 UvKv| myZivs,
I LvRbvi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb| 1g wZb GKi Rwgi LvRbv = (12000 - 6000)
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Rbve gywbiæ¾vgv‡bi Rwg = 6000 UvKv
weµ‡qi Avq‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j| 2q wZb GKi Rwgi LvRbv = (8000 - 6000)
mvaviYZ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Z_v †Kv‡bv GjvKvi = 2000 UvKv
wkí, KviLvbv,iv¯ÍvNvU, wkÿvcÖwZôvb, e¨emv-evwYR¨ 3q wZb GKi Rwgi LvRbv = (6000 - 6000)
†K›`ª BZ¨vw` DbœwZ n‡j †m GjvKvq Rwgi Pvwn`v = 0 UvKv
†e‡o hvq Ges Rwgi g~j¨ Av‡Mi †P‡q †ewk nq| Gi G‡ÿ‡Î 1g I 2q wZb GKi Rwg‡Z †h cwigvY DØ„Ë
d‡j Rwgi gvwjKMY AwZwi³ Avq †fvM K‡ib| m„wó nq ZvB n‡jv IB me Rwgi LvRbv| 3q wZb
wKš‘ GB ewa©Z Av‡qi Rb¨ Zv‡K A_© e¨q Ki‡Z GKi Rwg‡Z †Kv‡bv DØ„Ë bv _vKvq G Rwgi †Kv‡bv
nq bv| G fv‡e Rwgi gvwjK webv Li‡P ev cwikÖ‡g LvRbv †bB, GwU cÖvwšÍK ev LvRbvwenxb Rwg|
†h AwZwi³ Avq †fvM K‡i Zv‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq
e‡j| 2. GKwU K…wl Lvgv‡i Rwg e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖvc¨ Avq
3000 UvKv, g~jab wewb‡qvM eve` my` 2000 UvKv,
 cÖvc¨ gyRwi 1400 UvKv, gvwjK KZ…K © miKvi‡K = 12,000 - 9000 UvKv
cÖ`Ë Ki 1600 UvKv Ges SuywK MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ gybvdv = 3000 UvKv
4000 UvKv| wbU LvRbv I †gvU LvRbvi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ wb¤œiƒc:
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv Kx? 1. wbU LvRbv †gvU LvRbvq AšÍf~³ _v‡K| ZvB
L. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e D™¢e nq? ‡gvU LvRbv e„nr I wbU LvRbv ÿz`ª aviYv|
M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i †gvU LvRbv wbY©q K‡iv| 2. ïay Rwg e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖvß A_© n‡jv wbU
N. K…wl LvgviwUi wbU LvRbv wbY©q K‡i †gvU LvRbv| Ab¨w`‡K wbU LvRbv I Avbylw½K
LvRbvi mv‡_ cv_©K¨ K‡iv| Li‡Pi mgwó n‡jv †gvU LvRbv|
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 3. wbU LvRbv = †gvU LvRbv - (gyRwi + my` +
K. A_©bxwwZ‡Z f~wg ev mxgve× †hvMvbwewkô cÖvK…wZK gybvdv)| wKš‘ †gvU LvRbv = wbU LvRbv +
m¤ú` e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K †h A_© †`Iqv gyRwi + my` + gybvdv|
nq Zv‡K LvRbv e‡j| ZvB AvKviMZ cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y wbU Ges †gvU
L. Rwgi Pvn`v e„w× Ges Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ûi Rb¨ LvRbvi cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb|
AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi D™¢e nq|
‡Kv‡bv GjvKvq kni cÖmvwiZ n‡j ev bZzb kni- 3. mwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx Rvj I †bxKv w`‡q mvwbqvRvb
e›`i M‡o DV‡j wKsev wkíKviLvbv ¯’vwcZ n‡j †m b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i| nVvr b`x‡Z cÖPzi gvQ aiv covq
GjvKvi Rwgi `vg †e‡o hvq| Avevi ¯’vbxq wKsev Rvj I †bxKvi Pvwn`v A‡bK †e‡o hvq| mwn`yj I
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Dbœqb cwiKíbvaxb hw` †Kv‡bv AvBqye Avjx †P‡qwQ‡jv bZzb Rvj I †bxKv wKb‡e|
GjvKvi iv¯ÍvNvU, wkÿvcÖwZôvb, e¨emv-evwYR¨ Zv G ¯^í mg‡q m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †hme
†K›`ª, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Awdm Av`vjZ Rvj I †bxKv wQj †m¸‡jv w`‡q gvQ a‡i A‡bK Avq
BZ¨vw` M‡o D‡V Z‡e †m GjvKvi Rwgi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK Kiv m¤¢e|
¸Y †e‡o hvq| Gfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi D™¢e nq| K. wbU LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K †gvU LvRbv wbY©q Kiv L. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e m„wó nq?
n‡jv: M. Rvj I †bxKvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi LvRbvi
f~wg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i gvwjKvbv †_‡K D™¢e n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
†gvU †h Avq nq Zv‡K †gvU LvRbv e‡j| Kv‡RB N. `xN©‡gqv‡` Rvj I †bxKv †_‡K AwZwi³ Avq
†gvU LvRbv = (wbU LvRbv + my` + gyRwi + Ki + Kiv m¤¢e n‡e wK? we‡kølY K‡iv|
gybvdv)| 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
DÏxc‡K jÿ Kiv hvq GKwU K…wl Lvgv‡i Rwg K. A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K ïay Rwg e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Gi
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Avq 3000 UvKv, g~jab wewb‡qvM gvwjK‡K †h A_© †`Iqv nq Zv‡K wbU LvRbv e‡j|
eve` my` 2000 UvKv, gyRwi 1400 UvKv, cÖ`Ë Ki L. ‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gvi Dbœqb Z_v Dbœqb
1600 UvKv Ges gybvdv 4000 UvKv| Kv‡RB †gvU Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó nq|
LvRbv = ( 3000 + 2000 + 1400 + 1600 + ‡Kv‡bv GjvKvq ev kn‡i RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j
4000) = 12,000 UvKv| A_©vr †gvU LvRbvi AwZwi³ wkí, KviLvbv, iv¯ÍvNvU, ‰e`y¨wZK e¨e¯Ív
cwigvY 12,000 UvKv| cÖf„wZi DbœwZ NU‡j †mLvbKvi Rwgi `vg nVvr K‡i
N. wb‡P K…wl LvgviwU wbU LvRbv wbY©q K‡i †gvU LvRbv e„w× cvq|d‡j gvwjKMY c~‡e©i †P‡q AwZwi³ Avq
I wbU LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiv n‡jv: †fvM K‡i| Z‡e G ewa©Z cwigvY Av‡qi Rb¨ Zv‡K
‡gvU LvRbv †_‡K Avbylw½K LiP ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K ‡Kv‡bv A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq bv| mvaviYZ Giƒc
ZvB n‡jv wbU LvRbv| A_©vr ïay Rwg e¨env‡ii Rb¨ my‡hvM-myweav e„w×i Rb¨B AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó nq|
Rwgi gvwjK‡K †h A_© w`‡Z nq Zv‡K A_©‰bwZK M. DÏxcKwU‡Z mvwbqvRvb b`x‡Z nVvr K‡i cÖPyi gvQ
LvRbv e‡j| aiv covq Rvj I †bxKvi Pvwn`v e„wׇZ †mLv‡b wbg
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wbU LvRbv, LvRbvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q|
= †gvU - Avbylw½K LiP ¯^íKv‡j gvbem„ó g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖx †_‡K Gi
= 12,000 - (2000 + 1400 + 1600 + 4000) gvwjKMY AwZwi³ †h Avq Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡K wbg
 LvRbv e‡j| gvbem„ó Gme g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖxi
†hvMvb `xN©Kv‡j w¯’wZ¯’vcK n‡jI ¯^íKv‡j
Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK| Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Giƒc g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖx
†_‡K hv AwR©Z nq ZvB n‡jv wbg LvRbv|
mvwbqvRvb b`x‡Z nVvr K‡i cÖPzi gvQ aiv covq Rvj
I †bxKvi Pvwn`v ‡e‡o hvq| GRb¨ mwn`yj I AvBqye
Avjxi Rvj I †bxKv †_‡K cÖPzi Avq nq| Rvj I
†bxKv GK ai‡bi g~jabx `ªe¨| G¸‡jv ˆZwi Ki‡Z
mgq jv‡M e‡j ¯^íKv‡j Gi †hvMvb Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK| K. ‡gvU LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j?
ZvB ¯^íKv‡j PvB‡jB Gi †hvMvb e„w× Kiv hvq bv| L. Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y †Kb LvRbv †`Iqv
wKš‘ `xN©K‡j Gi †hvMvb Pvwn`vgvwdK evov‡bv A‡bK nq?
mnR| †bxKv I Rv‡ji Pvwn`v ¯^íKv‡j e„w× cvIqvi M. LvRbvi cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|
d‡j Gi †hvMvb evov‡bv m¤¢e bq| GRb¨ G †_‡K N. wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki ZëwU
AwZwi³ Avq nq| Giƒc AwZwi³ AvqB n‡jv wbg Kx †gj i‡q‡Q? we‡kølY K‡iv|
LvRbv| myZivs Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
hvq †bxKv I Rv‡ji AvKw¯§K Pvwn`v e„w×i `iæb wbg K. Rwg e¨enviKvix KZ…K© Rwgi gvwjK‡K Pzw³ Abymv‡i
LvRbvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q| cÖ`Ë †gvU A_©‡K †gvU LvRbv e‡j|
N. mwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx mvwbqvRvb b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i| L. ‡hme Kvi‡Y LvRbvi D™¢e nq Zvi g‡a¨ Rwgi
G Kv‡R Zviv †bxKv I Rvj e¨envi K‡i| nVvr Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©K¨ Ab¨Zg| †jvKemwZ Av‡Q Ggb
b`x‡Z cÖPzi gvQ aov covq Rvj I †bxKvi Pvwn`v RvqMvq ev kn‡ii Kv‡Q Rwg¸‡jv‡Z `~‡ii
A‡bK †e‡o hvq| mwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx †P‡qwQj Rwg¸‡jvi Zzjbvq mn‡RB hvZvqvZ Kiv hvq|G Rb¨
bZzb Rvj I †bxKv wKb‡Z| Zv ¯^í mg‡q m¤¢e Gme Rwg‡Z cwiPvwjZ K…wlKvR ZË¡veav‡bi LiP
nqwb| GLb Zv‡`i Rvj †bxKv †_‡K ¯^í mg‡q A‡cÿvK…Z Kg| ZvQvov Gme Rwg‡Z K…wl
AwZwi³ Avq nq| wKš‘ `xN©‡gqv‡` G †_‡K AwZwi³ DcKiYmg~n †bIqv I †mLvb †_‡K Drcvw`Z dmj
Avq Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| †Kbbv `xN©Kv‡j Rvj I AvbviI LiP Kg| G Rb¨ Gme Rwg `~‡ii Rwg¸‡ji
†bxKvi †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcK| Zzjbvq DØ„Ë Avq K‡i hv LvRbv wn‡m‡e †`Iqv nq|
¯^íKv‡j gvbem„ó g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖx †_‡K AwZwi³ G Rb¨ ejv nq Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y LvRbv
Avq DcvR©b nq Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMv‡bi Kvi‡Y| †`Iqv nq|
¯^íKv‡j g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v evo‡jI †hvMvb M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K LvRbvi cwigvY wbY©q
evov‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| wKš‘ `xN©Kv‡j Pvwn`vi mv‡_ Kiv n‡jv|
mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi mvgÄm¨ weavb Kivi Rb¨ †hvMvb mxgve× †hvMvb wewkó Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n
evov‡bv hvq| ZvB ¯^íKv‡j Giƒc g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖx Zv‡`i ¯^vfvweK Avq A‡cÿv †h AwZwi³ Avq
†_‡K AwZwi³ Avq Kiv †M‡jI `xN©Kv‡j Zv m¤¢e DcvR©b K‡i Zv‡KB A_©bxwZi cwifvlvq LvRbv
nq bv| e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki f~wg A‡ÿ (ox) Rwgi Pvwn`v I
Mwn`yj I AvBqye Avjxi Rvj I †bxKvi †ÿ‡ÎI K_v †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Ges j¤^ A‡ÿ (oy) LvRbv
mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| Zv‡`i G g~jabx `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rwgi †hvMvb m¤ú~Y©
¯^íKvjxb Pvwn`v evovi d‡j AwZwi³ Avq m„wó nq| Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK nIqvq †hvMvb †iLv j¤^ A‡ÿ¨i
wKš‘ `xN©Kv‡j Giƒc `ªe¨mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v evo‡j mgvšÍivj n‡q‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î LvRbvi cwigvY Rwgi
†hvMvbI evov‡Z nq| ZvB `xN©‡gqv‡` Gme Pvwn`vi Ici wbf©i K‡i| Rwgi cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v hLb
`ªe¨mvgMÖx †_‡K AwZwi³ Avq Kiv m¤¢e bq| AD0 ZLb a we›`y‡Z LvRbvi cwigvY n‡e (100 ×
myZivs ejv hvq, `xN©‡gqv‡` mwn`yj I AvBqye Avjxi 50) = 5000 UvKv| Avevi hLb Rwgi Pvwn`v e„w×
Rvj I †bxKv †_‡K AwZwi³ Avq Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| †c‡q AD1 nq ZLb b we›`y‡Z fvimvg¨ ¯’vbvšÍi
nq| G‡ÿ‡Î LvRbvi cwigvY n‡e (100 × 100) =
4. wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:
 10,000 UvKv| Gfv‡e Pvwn`v e„w×i d‡j Rwgi 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
LvRbvI e„w× cv‡e| K. f~wgi gvwj‡Ki wbR¯^ kÖg I wewb‡qvM Qvov f~wgi g~j¨
N. DÏxc‡K †iLv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ ZË¡wU n‡jv e„w× †c‡j Gi gvwjK †h AwZwi³ A_© jvf K‡i
LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡| wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ Avi G Zv‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j|
LvRbv ZË¡wUi g‡a¨ h‡_ó cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| L. Rwgi mxgve× †hvMvb I De©iZvi cv_©‡_¨i Rb¨
wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z LvRbv n‡jv Drcv`‡Ki DØ„Ë Avq| LvRbv †`Iqv nq|
GwU DrK…ó I wbK…ó f~wgi Drcv`b g~‡j¨i cv_©‡K¨i LvRbv DrcwËi cÖavb KviY Rwgi †hvMv‡bi
mgvb| Ab¨w`‡K LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡ g‡Z LvRbv mxgve×Zv| †`‡ki RbmsL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|
n‡jv Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb wewkó †h‡Kv‡bv Dcv`vb d‡j Rwgi Pvwn`vI e„w× cv‡”Q| wKš‘ Rwgi †hvMvb
e¨env‡ii `vg| Avevi wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z †Kej f~wgi †gvUv‡gvwU fv‡e mxgve×| ZvB Rwgi KviLvbv w`b
†ÿ‡ÎB LvRbvi D™¢e| wKš‘ LvRbvi AvaywbK w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| Rwgi De©iZvi cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y
ZË¡byhvqx Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb wewkó †h Dcv`v‡bi LvRbvi D™¢e N‡U| Rwgi †ÿ‡Î jÿ Kiv hvq †Kv‡bv
†ÿ‡Î LvRbvi m„wó nq| Rwg †ewk De©i Avevi †Kv‡bv Rwg Kg De©i|
wiKv‡W©v g‡b K‡ib f~wgi De©iZv ZviZ‡g¨i Rb¨ A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk De©i Rwgi LvRbv †ewk|
LvRbvi cv_©K¨ †`Lv †`q| wbK…ó f~wg Z_v Abye©i M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë †iLvwPÎwU LvRbv wba©vi‡Y wiKv‡W©vi
f~wgi Zzjbvq De©i †_‡K De©iZi f~wg¸‡jv †_‡K LvRbv ZË¡ cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AwaKZi dmj †`q| GRb¨ De©iZv‡f‡` LvRbvi wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z †h Rwg‡Z Drcvw`Z dm‡ji `vg Ges
cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| A_©vr f~wgi Pvwn`vi cv_©‡K¨i Rb¨ Drcv`b e¨q mgvb nq Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK ev LvRbvwenxb
LvRbvi cv_©K¨ †`Lv †`q| Rwgi Pvwn`v evo‡j Rwg e‡j| cÖvwšÍK Rwgi Zzjbvq DrK…ó Rwg‡Z †h
LvRbv ev‡o Ges Rwgi Pvwn`v Kg‡j LvRbv K‡g| AwZwi³ ev DØ„Ë dmj Drcbœ nq Zvi g~j¨B n‡jv
Avevi wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z f~wgi Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©‡K¨i LvRbv| ZvB LvRbv n‡”Q cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Drcv`‡Ki DØ„Ë
Rb¨I LvRbvi m„wó nq| kn‡ii Kv‡Q f~wg, `~ieZ©x ev cv_©K¨RwbZ jvf|
f~wg¸‡jvi Zzjbvq Kg LiP m¤úbœ nIqvq AwaK wP‡Î OA, AB I BC †K h_vµ‡g 1g,2q I 3q
dmj †`q| GRb¨ †mLv‡b LvRbv w`‡Z nq| wKš‘ †kªwYi Rwg wn‡m‡e aiv n‡jv| wZb †kÖwYi RwgiB
LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡byhvqx Dcv`v‡bi †hvMvb †Kej Drcv`b e¨q mgvb hv wPÎ Abyhvqx aiv hvK 400
Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK n‡jB LvRbvi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| UvKv| G‡ÿ‡Î,
myZivs ejv hvq, wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ Ges LvRbvi 1g Rwgi LvRbv = (600 - 400) ev 200 UvKv
AvaywbK ZË¡ GK bq eis G‡`i g‡a¨ h‡_ó cv_©K¨ 2q Rwgi LvRbv = (500 - 400) ev 100 UvKv
i‡q‡Q| 3q Rwgi LvRbv = (400 - 400) ev 0 UvKv
G‡ÿ‡Î 1g I 2q Rwg‡Z †h cwigvY DØ„Ë m„wó nq
5. wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖk¸
œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ZvB n‡jv IB me Rwgi LvRbv| 3q †kÖwYi Rwg‡Z
†Kv‡bv DØ„Ë bv _vKvq G Rwgi †Kv‡bv LvRbv †bB,
GwU cÖvwšÍK ev LvRbvwenxb Rwg|
N. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi gva¨‡g wiKv‡W©vi LvRbvi ZË¡wU
cÖKvk cvq|
wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z LvRbv n‡jv Drcv`‡Ki DØ„Ë hv Rwg
†_‡K cÖvß Drcv`‡bi weµqjä A_© †_‡K Drcv`b
K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kx? e¨q ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq| wP‡Î 1g †kÖwYi LvRbvi
L. LvRbv †Kb †`Iqv nq? cwigvY 200 UvKv, 2q †kÖwYi LvRbvi cwigvY 100
M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î LvRbv wba©vi‡Yi †h ZË¡wU UvKv Ges 3q †kÖwYi LvRbvi cwigvY 0 UvKv| cÖvß
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| LvRbv wP‡Î wb‡¤œv³fv‡e wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q:
N. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb †kÖwYi Rwgi LvRbv KZ Zv DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë wP‡Î wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡wU cÖKv‡ki
wba©viY K‡iv Ges e¨vL¨v `vI| Rb¨ a‡i †bIqv n‡”Q †h mKj Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg
mgAvqZb wewkó n‡jI De©iZvi w`K †_‡K wfbœ| G
wn‡m‡e AwaK De©i Rwg OA †K 1g †kÖwYi Rwg,
AB †K 2q †kÖwYi Rwg Ges BC †K 3q †kÖwYi Rwg
wPwüZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| mKj Rwg‡Z Pv‡li LiP aiv
n‡q‡Q 400 UvKv| Gm‡ei †cÖwÿ‡Z 1g †kÖwYi Rwgi
LvRbv wba©viY n‡q‡Q (600 - 400) = 200 UvKv,
2q †kÖwYi LvRbv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q (500 - 400)
= 100 UvKv Ges 3q †kÖwYi Rwgi LvRbv wba©viY
Kiv n‡q‡Q (400 - 400) = 0 UvKv|
wP‡Î LvRbvi G welqwU Qvqve„Ë AÂj Øviv †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| C AvqZ‡bi mgvb †ÿÎ A I B †ÿÎ ev`
w`‡j †h Qvqve„Ë Ask cvIqv hvq ZvB A I B ‡kÖwYi
Rwgi LvRbv|