DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY

CE 201 Solid Mechanics

Tutorial Sheet = 1 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. Determine the deflection of the free end of the steel rod shown in Fig. 1 under the given load (E =
200 GPa).

Fig. 1
2. A uniform timber pile which has been driven to depth L in clay carries an applied load of F at top.
This load is resisted entirely by friction along the pile, which varies in the parabolic manner f = ky2
(origin at bottom). Show that total shortening of the pile is FL/4AE. AE is the axial rigidity of the
pile.
3. Show that the total elongation of a slender elastic bar of constant cross sectional area A, length 2L,
unit weight γ is given by following expression when it is rotated in a horizontal plane with an
angular velocity of ω radians per second about its middle point.
2 γω 2 L3
∆=
3 Eg

E = Modules of elasticity and g = acceleration due to gravity.

4. The rigid bar BDE (Fig. 2) is supported by two links AB and CD. Link AB is made of aluminum
(E=70 GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of 500 mm2; link CD is made of steel (E=200 GPa) and
has a cross-sectional area of 600 mm2. For the 30 kN force shown, determine the deflection of
point B, D and E.
5. A composite bar as shown in Fig 3 is firmly attached to unyielding supports at the ends and is
subjected to the axial load F. If the aluminum is stressed to 70 MPa, what is the stress in the steel?.

Fig. 2 Fig. 3
6. Determine the stresses in each wires supporting the rigid bar shown in Fig. 4 if F = 20 kN.
7. The rigid bar ABCD is suspended from three identical wires as shown in Fig. 5. Knowing that a =
2b, determine the tension in each wire caused by the load P applied at C.

Fig. 4 Fig. 5
8. A rod consisting of two cylindrical portion AB and
BC (Fig. 6) is restrained at both ends. Portion AB is made of steel (E = 200 GPa, α = 11.7 x 10-6 /°
C) and portion BC of brass (E=105 GPa, α = 20.9 x 10-6 /°C). Knowing that the rod is initially
unstressed, determine (a) the normal stresses induced in portions AB and BC by a temperature rise
of 50°C, (b) the corresponding deflection of point B.
9. A rigid floor slab with mass of 3,200 kg rests on three columns as shown in Fig. 7. What is the
compressive stress in each of the members (a) at installation and (b) after a temperature decrease of
20 °C?

Fig. 6 Fig. 7
10. The bar shown in Fig. 8 is cut from a 10 mm thick piece of steel. At the change in cross-section at
A and B the approximate stress concentration factors are 2.25 and 2, respectively. What is the
maximum force F the bar can be subjected? Take allowable stress for axial tension in the bar as 150
MPa.

Fig. 8
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 2 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh
1. A 500 mm long, 16 mm diameter rod is observed to
increase in the length by 300 µm, and to decrease in
the diameter by 2.4 µm when subjected to an axial
load of 25 kN. Determine the modulus of elasticity,
Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus.
2. A piece of 50 x 250 x 10 mm steel plate is subjected
to uniformly distributed stresses along its edges as
shown in Fig. 1. (a) If Px = 100 kN and Py = 200 kN
then determine the change in thickness of plate. (b)
Determine the Px alone which will cause the same
change in thickness as in (a). Let E=200 GPa and Fig. 1
ν=0.25.
3. A structural steel plate with E = 210 GPa and ν=0.3
has the dimension as shown in Fig. 2 before loading.
The plate is then subjected to a state of plane stress
in xy plane with σx=150 MPa. For what value of
stress σy will the dimension Y of the plate remain
unchanged? What are the final dimension of the plate
in the other two directions?
4. The steel block shown in Fig. 3 is subjected to a
uniform pressure on all its faces. Knowing that the Fig. 2
change in length of edge AB is -24 µm determine (a)
the change in length of the other two edges, (b) the
pressure applied to the faces of the block. Let E=200
GPa and ν=0.29.
5. A circle of diameter 200 mm is scribed on an
unstressed 18 mm thick aluminium plate as shown in
Fig. 4. Forces acting in the plane of the plate later
cause normal stresses σx = 85 MPa and σz = 150
MPa. Determine the change in (i) the length of
diameter AB and CD, (ii) thickness of plate and (iii) Fig. 3
volume of plate. Let E=70 GPa and ν=1/3.
6. For the state of plane stress shown in Fig. 5,
determine the corresponding εx, εy and γxy. E=80
GPa and ν=0.35.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 3 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. A hollow steel shaft with external diameter 6. A steel shaft and an aluminium tube are
150 mm is required to transmit 1MW at 300 connected to a fixed support and rigid disk
rpm. Calculate a suitable internal diameter as shown in Fig. 2. Determine the maximum
for the shaft if its shear stress is not to torque which may be applied to the disk
exceed 70 MPa. Compare the torque without exceeding the shearing stresses of
carrying capacity of this shaft with a solid 120 MPa and 70 MPa in steel and
steel shaft having the same weight per unit aluminium tube respectively. Take G = 80
length and limiting shear stress. Take G = 80 GPa for steel and 27 GPa for aluminium.
GPa.
2. A steel shaft consists of a hollow shaft 2m
long, with an outside diameter of 100 mm
and an inside diameter of 70 mm, rigidly Fig. 2
attached to a solid shaft of 1.5 m length and
70 mm diameter. Determine the maximum
power that can be transmitted by the shaft at
a speed of 100 rpm without exceeding a 7. A circular shaft AB consists of a 250 mm
shear stress of 70 MPa and a twist of 2.5o in long, 20 mm diameter steel cylinder, in
the 3.5 m length. G = 80 GPa. which a 125 mm long, 16 mm diameter
3. Compare the torque transmitted by a solid cavity is drilled from end B (Fig. 3). The
shaft of diameter d and the torque shaft is attached to fixed supports at both
transmitted by a shaft of annular cross- ends, and a 120 N.m torque is applied at its
section of the same material with mean mid-section Determine the torque exerted by
diameter d, the weight per unit length being the shaft on both supports.
same for the two shafts.
4. A solid tapered circular shaft of length L is
fixed at one end and free on the other. The
diameter of shaft at free end is d and
increases linearly to 2d at fixed end. The
shaft is subjected to a torque T at the free
end. Determine the angle of twist at the free
end. Fig. 3
5. The solid cylindrical shaft of variable size as 8. The composite shaft shown in Fig. 4 consists
shown in mm in Fig. 1 is acted upon by the of a 5 mm thick brass jacket (Gb = 39 GPa)
torque indicated. What is the maximum bonded to a 40 mm diameter steel core (Gst
shearing stress developed in the shaft, and
between what two pulleys it occurs. Also = 77 GPa). The shaft is subjected to a 600
determine the relative twist between the end N.m torque, determine (i) the maximum
pulleys. Take G = 80 GPa. shearing stress in the brass jacket, (ii) the
maximum shearing stress in steel core, (iii)
the angle of twist of B relative to A.

Fig. 1 Fig. 4
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 4 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. For the various beams shown in Fig. 1, draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams
indicating salient features such as nature, max values and points of contraflexure etc. Also, find the
ratio a/L for minimum value of the maximum bending moment (if applicable).

Fig. 1
2. Shear force diagram for simply supported beams at point A and B is shown in Fig. 2. Draw the
diagram of beam along with its loading and corresponding bending moment diagram.

Fig. 2
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 5 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. The sections of the beam shown in Fig. 1 are 4. A trapezoidal beam section has depth
subjected to a positive bending moment of d, the top width b and bottom width
20 kN.m. Determine (i) the neutral axis and as αb. Determine the value of α if
the moment of inertia of the cross-section, the ratio of maximum stress at top to
(ii) the stresses in extreme fibers, (iii) the bottom is 1.5.
resultant compressive force above neutral
5. A steel beam in the shape of T has
axis, (iv) the resultant tensile force below
been strengthened by securing
neutral axis, and (v) the lever arm of the
bolting to it the two oak timbers
couple.
shown in Fig. 4. The modulus of
elasticity is 12.5 GPa for the wood
and 200 GPa for the steel. Draw the
bending stress diagram of the beam
due to positive bending moment 50
kNm.
6. A rectangular beam (b = 60 mm, d =
120 mm) is made of a plastic for
Fig. 1 which the modulus of elasticity in
2. A solid steel beam (Fig. 2) was loaded in tension is one-half of its value in
laboratory in pure bending about a horizontal compression. Determine the
neutral axis. Strain measurements showed maximum tensile and compressive
that the top fibers contracted 0.0003 m/m stress due to moment of 5 kN.m.
longitudinally, the bottom fibers elongated 7. A rectangular beam (b = 100 mm, d =
0.0006 m/m longitudinally. Determine the 180 mm) is made of an alloy for
total normal force which acted on the shaded which the stress-strain relationship,
area indicated in the figure. E = 200 GPa. in both tension and compression
3. A portion of the square bar is removed by may be represented by the relation
milling as shown in Fig. 3. Determine the ε = kσ3. Determine the maximum
ratio h/h0 for which the section has the stress due to moment of 60 kN.m.
maximum moment carrying capacity about 8. Determine the plastic moment of the
its horizontal neutral axis. member with the cross-section
shown in Fig. 1, assuming the
material to be elasto-plastic with
yield strength of 250 MPa.

Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4

 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 6 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. Three boards, each of 40 mm x 90 mm 4 The three beam section shown in Fig. 4

rectangular cross-section are nailed are subjected to a shear force of 100 kN.
together to form a beam which is Draw the shear stress and shear flow
subjected to a vertical shear force of 1 diagram along the depth.
kN. If the spacing between each pair of
nails is 60 mm, determine the shearing
force in each nail.

Fig. 4
5. A T-beam is loaded as shown in Fig. 5.
From this beam isolate a segment 200 x
100 x 25 mm (shown by shaded portion).
Fig. 1 Draw the free body diagram of this
segment indicating the location,
2. A wooden box beam made up of 50 mm
magnitude and sense of resultant forces
thick boards, has the dimensions shown
due to bending and shear stresses. Check
in Fig. 2. If the beam transmits a shear
the equilibrium of the isolated segment.
of 3380 N, what should be the
longitudinal spacing of the nails
connecting (a) board A with boards B
and C, (b) board D with boards B and C.
The shear carrying capacity of each nail
is 220 N.

Fig. 5
6. Determine the location of the shear centre
for the sections shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 2 Fig. 3
3. The composite beam shown in Fig. 3 has
been formed by bolting two I sections
using 16 mm diameter bolt spaced
longitudinally every 150 mm. If the
average allowable stress in the bolts is 75 Fig. 6
MPa, determine the largest permissible
vertical shear. For the I section, A=3790
mm2, depth == 157 mm, and Iz=17.23 x
106 mm4.
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 7 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh
1. For the engineering structures shown in Fig. 1 determine the normal and shear stresses at the
point shown. Sketch an element in each case showing the magnitude and sense of the stresses on
each face.
2. For the elements illustrated in Fig. 2 calculate the stress components on the inclined planes.
3. Find the principal normal and maximum shearing stresses and show their sense on a properly
oriented element for the state of stress (in MPa) shown in Table 1. by (a) analytically and (b)
Mohr's circle of stresses.
4. A chemical pressure vessel is to be manufactured from glass fibres in an epoxy matrix. If the
optimum orientation of fibre is that in which the fibres are subjected to tensile stress with no
transverse or shear stresses, determine the optimum value of α.
5. Draw Mohr's circle of strain and determine principal normal and shear strains and their
directions for the elements having the strains as in Table 2. Verify your results analytically. Also,
determine principal normal and shearing stresses. Take E=200 GPa and ν=0.3.
6. Data from rectangular strain rosette glued to steel plate are as follows ε0ο = -0.00022, ε45ο =
0.00012 and ε90ο= 0.00022. What are the principal stresses and in which direction do they act?
E=200 GPa and ν=0.3.
7. Data from equiangular strain rosette attached to aluminium alloy are as follows ε0ο = 0.0004,
ε60ο = 0.0004 and ε120ο = -0.0006. What are the principal stresses and their directions. E=70
GPa and ν=0.25
Table - 1
Element. σx σy τxy
1. 60 20 0
2. -30 50 -40
3. 200 0 80
4. 20 30 20
Table - 2
Element. εx εy γxy
1. -0.00012 0.00112 -0.0002
2. 0.0008 0.0020 0.0008

Fig. 1

Fig. 2
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics
Tutorial Sheet = 8 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. For the beams loaded as shown in the Fig. 1 determine the equations of elastic curves using the integration method.
Determine the values of maximum deflection, slope and their locations.
2. Determine the deflection of guided roller of the uniform beam shown in the Fig. 2 using moment area method.
3. Determine the deflection of the point C of the uniform overhanging beam shown in the Fig. 3. Use moment area method.
4. Determine the deflection and slope at the internal hinge of the beam shown in the Fig. 4.
5. Determine the slope and deflection of the point C of the non-uniform beam shown in the Fig. 5 using moment area
method and verify result by integration method.
6. Determine the deflection of the point C of the right angle bent as shown in the Fig. 6.
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics

Tutorial Sheet = 9 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. Compute reactions of the statically indeterminate beams shown in the Figs. 1 to 8.

Also, draw the bending moment diagram. Use both integration and moment area
method.
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics

Tutorial Sheet = 10 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. Determine the maximum allowable load P that may be applied to the aluminum
frame shown in Fig. 1. Use Euler's formula and take factor of safety as 2.5. E = 70
GPa.
2. The capacity of the jib crane is given as 20 kN as shown in Fig. 2. What size of
steel pipe AB should be used if thickness/diameter ratio of the pipe is 1/10 and E =
200 GPa. Use Euler's formula with a factor of safety 2.5 and neglect the self-
weight.
3. Using Euler's formula, find the ratio of the critical load of a solid circular column
to that of hollow circular cross-section (inner diameter is 0.8 times external
diameter) for identical end conditions and length. Both columns have equal area of
cross-section.
4. A column of length L and rectangular cross-section (a x b) has a fixed end B and
support a centric load at A as shown in Fig. 3. Two smooth and rounded fixed
plates restrain end A from moving in one of the plane of symmetry of the column
and allow it to move in the other plane. Determine the ratio a/b for most efficient
design against buckling.
5. The effective length of a composite column shown in Fig. 4 is 5m. Obtain the
dimension b so that the column has equal chances of buckling along the principal
directions. Determine the safe load carrying capacity of the column. Take E = 200
GPa and factor of safety as 2.
6. The rigid bar segments of equal length L/2 are connected at the joint and at the
bottom by frictionless hinges as shown in Fig. 5. The bars are held in vertical
position by two springs. Determine the critical load for the system.
7. Using energy method, determine the buckling load of a uniform column of length L
with pinned ends. Take the buckled shape as, v = a 0 x( L − x) .
8. Using energy method, determine the buckling load of a uniform column of length L
which is fixed at base and free at top. Take buckled shape as, v = a0 x2 (origin as
fixed support).
 fig. 1 fig. 3
fig. 5

fig. 2 fig. 4
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT BOMBAY
CE 201 Solid Mechanics

Tutorial Sheet = 11 Instructor : Siddhartha Ghosh

1. Determine the strain energy stored in the pin-jointed frame shown in Fig. 1. The
area of cross-section of member BD is twice of that for AC and CD. E is constant
for all members.
2. Determine the strain energy stored in a uniform simply supported beam subjected
to uniformly distributed load, w over the entire span due to bending and shear. The
span of the beam is L and have the rectangular cross-section (width = b and depth
= d). Compare the strain energy due to shear with that for bending.
3. A solid tapered circular shaft of length L is fixed at one end and free on the other.
The diameter of shaft at free end is d and increases linearly to 2d at fixed end. The
shaft is subjected to a torque T at the free end. Determine the strain energy stored
in the shaft. Also determine the angle of twist at the free end.
4. A tapered bar of length L is fixed at one end and free on the other. The area of
cross-section of the bar at free end is A and increases linearly to 2A at fixed end.
The bar is subjected to an axial load P at the free end. The modules of elasticity of
the bar material is E. Determine the deflection of the free end using strain energy
method.
5. A uniform simple beam of span L is subjected to a point load at mid-span. Using
energy method, determine the deflection of the beam at mid-span. Take the effect
of bending only.
6. Using strain energy method, determine the displacement in the direction of applied
load of the space structure shown in Fig. 2. The area of cross-section of the
member is circular with diameter d. Ignore the strain energy due to shear.
7. Using the strain energy method determine the prop reaction in a uniform propped
cantilever beam shown in Fig. 3.
8. A uniform cantilever beam is propped by a spring at the free end as shown in Fig.
4. The beam is subjected to a uniformly distributed load over the entire length.
Using the strain energy method, determine the force in the spring.
fig. 1 fig. 2

fig. 3 fig. 4
 CE 201 SOLID MECHANICS Autumn 2004

Answer for Tutorial Problems

Tutorial Sheet 1

1. 2.75 mm; 4. 0.514mm, – 0.3 mm, – 1.928 mm; 5. 142.05 MPa; 6. 13.14 N/mm2, 100.2
N/mm2; 7. P/12, P/3, 7P/12; 8. a) 201.79 N/mm2, 72.65 N/mm2, b) 0.106 mm; 9. a) 1230.77
kg,
738.46 kg, b) 14269 kg (T), 31738 kg; 10. 20 kN.

Tutorial Sheet 2

1. 207.23 GPa, 0.25, ...; 2. a) – 0.0035 mm, b) 140 kN; 3. 45 MN/m2, 300.195 mm, 9.997
mm; 4.a) – 12 m, – 18 m, b) 142.9 MPa; 5. a) + 100 m, b) + 348 m, c) – 20.1 m, d)
2470 mm3; 6. a) 168.75 , – 168.75 , 0, b) – 587.5 , 425 , 1349 .

Tutorial Sheet 3

1. 112.3 mm, 2.35; 2. 49.37 kW; 3. 1.7; 4. (28TL)/(3d4G); 5. 17.927 N/mm2, 1.541˚;
6. 6.2 kNm; 7. 75.5 Nm, 44.5 Nm; 8. i) 17.472 N/mm2, 27.597 N/mm2, 2.054˚.

Tutorial Sheet 5

1. i) 32.22 mm, 3142220 mm4, ii) 205.1 N/mm2, 431.4 N/mm2, iii) 292.4 kN, v) 67.25 mm;
2. 900 kN; 3. 8/9; 4. 4; 5. 43.84 N/mm2 (on top); 6. 29.65 MPa, 41.92 MPa; 7. 86.42 MPa;
8. & 9. theory not discussed in class.

Tutorial Sheet 6

1. 333.333 N; 3. 55 kN; 6. b) 4r/.

Tutorial Sheet 7

1. Beam top: 240 MN/m2, 0, Beam NA: 0, 6 MN/m2, Shaft: ­10.2 MN/m2, 122 MN/m2;
2. i) 199.6 MN/m2, 5.98 MN/m2, ii) 30 MN/m2, 110 MN/m2; 3. i) 60, 20, 20, ii) 60.57, ­46.57,
73.57, iii) 228.06, ­28.06, 128.06, iv) 45.62, 4.38, 20.63 (all in N/m2); 4. 54.74°;
5. i) Strain: 0.00115145, ­0.0001515, 0.0006515, Stress: 292.5323, 92.083, 100.2245 (all in
N/m2); 6. 38.6 MPa, ­38.6 MPa, 14.3°; 7. 43.56 MPa, ­31.11 MPa, ­30°.
 CE 201 SOLID MECHANICS Autumn 2004

Answer for Tutorial Problems

Tutorial Sheet 8

1. a) Mox(2L2 – 3Lx + x2)/6EIL; b) (– woL4/4EI) sin (x/L); c) –P[3(L – a)x2 – x3]/6EI for
AC and –P(L – a)2 (3x – L+ a]/6EI for CB; d) wx5/60EIL + (w/30EIL)〈x – L/2〉5 + wLx3/24EI
– 5wL3x/192EI; 2. – 5wL4/24EI; 3. – Pa2(L+a)/3EI; 4. – PL3/48EI, PL2/16EI, – PL2/24EI; 5.
PL2/96EI, – PL3/64EI; 6. 7PL3/24EI.

Tutorial Sheet 9

1. VB = 5P/16; 3. VA = Pb3/(a3 + b3), VB = Pa3/(a3 + b3), MA = Pb3a/(a3 + b3), MB = – Pa3b/(a3 +

b3); 4. RA = 3wL/32, VB = 29wL/32, MB = 13wL2/32; 5. VA = – 3M1/2L, VB = 3M1/2L, MA = –
M1/4, MB = – M1/4; 6. VA = 13wL/32, VB = 3wL/32, MA = 11wL2/192, MB = 5wL2/192; 7. R
= 45.76 kN, MA = 102.71 kNm, VA = 5.76 kN; 8. VA = 3wL/8, VB = 5wL/4, VC = 3wL/8.

Tutorial Sheet 10

1. 1456.5 N; 2. 64.4 mm; 3. 0.2195; 4. a/b = 0.35; 5. b = 303.35 mm, 13280.5 kN; 6. 0.293kL
& 1.707kL; 7. & 8. theory not discussed in class.

Tutorial Sheet 11

1. (55+4)PL2/8AE N; 2. UB+US = w2L5[1 + (E/G)(d/L)2]/240EI; 3. 14T2L/3Gd4,

28TL/3Gd4; 4. (PL/AE)ln2; 5. PL3/48EI; 6. PL3(4 + 3E/G)/6EI; 7. 5P/16; 8. 3wL/32.