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SQL Group by Having Clause Guide

The document provides a detailed guide on SQL's GROUP BY and HAVING clauses, explaining their purposes and usage. GROUP BY is used to aggregate rows with similar values, while HAVING filters these groups after aggregation. It includes examples, best practices for handling large data sets, and a comparison of WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses.

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27 views3 pages

SQL Group by Having Clause Guide

The document provides a detailed guide on SQL's GROUP BY and HAVING clauses, explaining their purposes and usage. GROUP BY is used to aggregate rows with similar values, while HAVING filters these groups after aggregation. It includes examples, best practices for handling large data sets, and a comparison of WHERE, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses.

Uploaded by

maazrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SQL GROUP BY with HAVING Clause - Detailed Guide

1. What is GROUP BY?

The GROUP BY clause is used to group rows with the same values into summary rows.

It is used with aggregate functions like SUM(), COUNT(), AVG(), etc.

2. What is HAVING?

The HAVING clause is used to filter groups after the GROUP BY operation.

It is similar to WHERE, but WHERE is used before grouping, and HAVING is used after grouping.

3. Sample Table: Orders

CREATE TABLE Orders (

order_id INT,

customer_id INT,

product VARCHAR(100),

order_date DATE,

quantity INT,

price DECIMAL(10, 2)

);

Sample Data (only a few shown out of thousands):

(101, 1, 'Laptop', '2024-01-10', 2, 1200.00),

(102, 1, 'Mouse', '2024-01-11', 1, 25.00),

(103, 2, 'Laptop', '2024-01-15', 1, 1200.00),

(104, 3, 'Keyboard', '2024-02-05', 1, 45.00),

(105, 2, 'Monitor', '2024-02-10', 2, 300.00),

(106, 3, 'Mouse', '2024-03-01', 3, 25.00),

(107, 1, 'Laptop', '2024-03-05', 1, 1200.00),

(108, 2, 'Mouse', '2024-03-15', 2, 25.00),

(109, 4, 'Laptop', '2024-03-20', 1, 1200.00);


SQL GROUP BY with HAVING Clause - Detailed Guide

4. Example: Total Sales Per Customer

SELECT customer_id, SUM(quantity * price) AS total_sales

FROM Orders

GROUP BY customer_id;

This gives total sales per customer.

5. Example: Customers Who Spent More Than 2000

SELECT customer_id, SUM(quantity * price) AS total_sales

FROM Orders

GROUP BY customer_id

HAVING SUM(quantity * price) > 2000;

Filters out customers whose total sales are <= 2000.

6. Example: Count of Orders Per Product (With Filter)

SELECT product, COUNT(order_id) AS total_orders

FROM Orders

GROUP BY product

HAVING COUNT(order_id) >= 2;

7. GROUP BY vs HAVING vs WHERE

| Clause | Works On | When Applied | Example Use |

|----------|--------------|----------------------|---------------------------|

| WHERE | Rows | Before Grouping | WHERE price > 100 |


SQL GROUP BY with HAVING Clause - Detailed Guide

| GROUP BY | Groups | During Grouping | GROUP BY customer_id |

| HAVING | Groups | After Grouping | HAVING SUM(price) > 500 |

8. Best Practices for Large Data

- Use WHERE to filter early.

- Create indexes on columns used in WHERE and GROUP BY.

- Avoid using HAVING as WHERE.

- Use CTEs for complex filters.

- Use aliases for clarity.

9. Summary

GROUP BY is used to summarize data by column values.

HAVING is used to filter the summarized data.

Always use WHERE before grouping and HAVING after grouping.

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