STRESS LEVEL DIFFERENCE
BASED ON SMOKING HABITS
AGES 18-25 IN ILOILO CITY
CHAPTER 1 AND 3
Members:
Deblois, Kyle Justin (Leader)
Camanay, Joanna
Canja Sophia Mae
Canobas, Mary Jane Mae
Consolacion, Jewel Marie
Cortes, Mia Lycca PRESENTED BY GROUP 3
Escosa, Geraldine
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY HYPOTHESIS
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY DEFINITION OF TERMS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
04
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
STRESS IS AN INEVITABLE PART OF LIFE [ NLM
P.22,24], BUT IT SHOWN INDIVIDUAL
VARIABILITY IN THE AFTERMATH OF EXPOSURE
BACKGROUND
TO STRESSFUL EVENTS AND IN HOW
EFFECTIVELY THEY DEAL WITH STRESS.
OF THE STUDY
CIGARETTE SMOKING HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY
STUDIED, AND RESEARCH SUGGESTS A
COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP WITH STRESS.
(SMITH & JONES, 2019). WHILE SOME
INDIVIDUALS MAY SMOKE TO COPE WITH
STRESS DUE TO THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF
NICOTINE,(LEE ET AL., 2021) LONG-TERM
SMOKING IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH
02
INCREASED STRESS, ANXIETY, AND
DEPENDENCE (BROWN (2020)
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
01
To determine the To identify which group (vape users,
cigarette smokers, or non-smokers)
differences in exhibits
02 the highest and lowest levels
stress levels of stress.
based on smoking To assess and compare the perceived
stress
03 levels among each group
habits of
To determine if there is a significant
individuals ages relationship between smoking
18-25 in Iloilo City. behavior
04
and stress levels among the
respondents.
NCEPTUAL FRAMEWOR
CO K
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Vape Users
Cigarette Users
PERCEIVED
Non-smoking
STRESS LEVEL
Individuals
HYPOTHESIS
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
There is a significant difference in
stress levels between cigarette users
and vape users
NULL HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference in
stress levels between cigarette users
and vape users
GNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
SI
NURSING
01 03
COMMUNITY
EDUCATORS
02
NURSING 04
FUTURE
STUDENTS RESEARCHERS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
01
VAPE USER 03
CIGARETTE SMOKER
02
02
STRESS LEVEL 04
SMOKING HABITS
05
NON-SMOKING INDIVIDUAL
06
PERCEIVE STRESS SCALE
(PSS)
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
FOCUSES ON PERCEIVED STRESS LEVELS AMONG 18–25-YEAR-OLD VAPE
USERS, CIGARETTE SMOKERS, AND NON-USERS IN ILOILO CITY.
THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON MIDDLE-CLASS MALES WITHOUT CHILDREN
WHO USE EITHER VAPE OR CIGARETTES EXCLUSIVELY. THOSE WHO USE
BOTH OR HAVE CHRONIC ILLNESSES ARE EXCLUDED.
MEASURES SELF-REPORTED STRESS THROUGH SURVEYS, NOT CLINICAL
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS.
FINDINGS ARE LIMITED TO THE SPECIFIC AGE GROUP, LOCATION, AND
TIME OF DATA COLLECTION; NOT INTENDED FOR GENERALIZATION.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
05
THIS CHAPTER PRESENTS THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY.
SPECIFICALLY, IT DISCUSSES THE RESEARCH LOCAL, PARTICIPANTS,
02 06
RESEARCH DESIGN, QUESTIONNAIRE, SAMPLING PLAN, SOURCES OF
DATA, DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES, AND STATISTICAL DATA
03 07
ANALYSIS
08
RESEARCH LOCALE
Individuals Ages 18 to 25 in Iloilo City”
Rising use of cigarettes and vaping devices among young adults in
urban areas like Iloilo City
Compare stress levels between vape users, cigarette smokers, and
non-smokers
Determine if stress influences the initiation or continuation of
smoking or vaping
Despite health campaigns and regulations, smoking and vaping
rates continue to increase
High prevalence among college students and young professionals
RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS
Individuals aged 18 to 25 years old, middle-class males without
children who exclusively use either vape or cigarettes. Individuals
who use both products or have chronic illnesses are excluded from
the study.
Three distinct groups: vape users, cigarette smokers, and non-
smoking individuals
A total of 90 participants and each group will consist of 30
participants
RESEARCH DESIGN
Descriptive-comparative research
A survey questionnaire will be the
primary method of data collection.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
SURVEY
PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
SMOKING/ VAPING HABITS
PART II: PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE
(PSS)
DATA COLLECTION
1.The researchers will approach selected participants
and explain the purpose of the study. Informed
consent will be obtained to ensure that participation is
voluntary and that confidentiality will be maintained
throughout the study.
2.Printed copies of the questionnaire will be personally
distributed to the participants by the researchers.
3.The questionnaire will assess participants' stress
levels and will include both lifestyle-related questions
and items specific to their smoking or vaping habits.
DATA COLLECTION
4. Participants will be given sufficient time to answer
the questionnaire in a private and comfortable setting.
Researchers will remain available to clarify any
questions, without influencing participants’ responses.
5. Once completed, the questionnaires will be collected
on the same day by the researchers.
6. The collected questionnaires will be reviewed for
completeness and accuracy, then securely stored for
subsequent data analysis.
QUESTIONNAIRE:
Part 1: Demographic and Smoking/Vaping Habits
01. Name (Ngalan):_______________
02. Age (Edad)
☐ 18 ☐ 19 ☐ 20 ☐ 21 ☐ 22 ☐ 23 ☐ 24 ☐ 25
03. What type of smoking product do you currently use?( Ano nga sahi
sang produkto sa pagpanigarilyo ang imo ginagamit subong?)
☐ Vape only (Vape lang )
☐ Cigarette only (Sigarilyo lang)
Part 2: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
✔
For each of the following questions, please check ( ) the option
that best describes how often you have felt or thought a certain
way in the past month. (Para sa tagsa ka pamangkot, palihog
✔
butangi sang tsek ( ) ang sabat nga nagapakita sang kon pila ka
beses mo nabatyagan ukon naisip ang amo nga butang sa nagligad
nga bulan.)
Answer choices / Sabat:
0 = Never / Wala gid
1 = Almost Never / Halos wala gid
2 = Sometimes / Kon Kaisa
3 = Often / Pirme
4 = Very Often / Pirme gid
No. Questions (English) Pamangkot (Hiligaynon) 0 1 2 3 4
Pila ka beses ikaw
How often did you
naakig ukon na
get upset because
dismaya bangud
1 something
may natabo nga
unexpected
wala mo ginpaabot?
happened?
Pila ka beses mo
How often did you nabatyagan nga indi
feel like you couldn’t mo makontrol ang
2
control important importante nga
things in your life? butang sa imo
kabuhi?
No. Questions (English) Pamangkot (Hiligaynon) 0 1 2 3 4
How often did you Pila ka beses mo
3 feel nervous or nabatyagan ang
stressed? kakulba ukon
stress?
Pila ka beses ikaw
How often did
naakig tungod
things happen that
sang mga butang
4 made you angry
nga indi mo
but were out of
makontrol?
your control?
No. Questions (English) Pamangkot (Hiligaynon) 0 1 2 3 4
Pika ka beses ka
How often did you
nagahunahuna
find yourself
sang mga
5 thinking about
kinahanglan mo
things you needed
tapuson?
to get done?
Pila ka beses mo
How often were
makontrol ang
you able to
6 paggamit sang imo
manage how you
oras?
spent your time?
Pamangkot
No. Questions (English) 0 1 2 3 4
(Hiligaynon)
Pila ka beses mo
How often did
nabatyagan nga
problems pile up
sobra na gid ang
7 so much that you
problema kag
felt
indi mo na kaya?
overwhelmed?
Pila ka beses mo
How often did na solusyonan
you handle sang maayo
8
annoying mag-resolba
problems well? sang mga
problema?
Questions Pamangkot
No. 0 1 2 3 4
(English) (Hiligaynon)
Pila ka beses
How often did nabatyagan mo
you feel like nga kaya mo gid
you were ang pag-
9
dealing well atubang sang
with important mga importante
changes? nga kabag-
uhan?
How often did Pila ka beses mo
nabatyagan nga
you feel
may kumpiyansa ka
confident about
10 sa pag-atubang
handling your sang imo personal
personal nga mga problema?
problems?
INTERPRETATION
0-13: Low Stress
14-26: Moderate Stress
27-40: High Stress
REFERENCE:
REFERENCE: Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global
measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social
Behavior, 24, 385-396
https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/psychology/stress-immunity-
disease-lab/scales/pdf/globalmeas83.pdf
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
MEAN STANDARD
This was used to
DEVIATION
obtain the average
This was used to
perceived stress level
determine the
scores for each of the
three groups: vape
consistency of stress
users, cigarette level scores within
smokers, and non- each group of
smokers. respondents.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
ANOVA CHI-SQUARE TEST
These were used to OF INDEPENDENCE
determine if there is a This was used to assess
significant difference the relationship between
in the stress levels the type of user (vape,
cigarette, or non-smoker)
among the three
and the categorized stress
groups of levels (low, moderate,
respondents. high).
EET
THHIC
ICA
ALL C
COON
NSSII
DDE
ERRA
ATTII
OON
NSS
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS WILL BE FOLLOWED
THROUGHOUT THE STUDY. ALL PARTICIPANTS WILL BE
INFORMED OF THEIR RIGHTS, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO
WITHDRAW AT ANY TIME WITHOUT CONSEQUENCE. ALL
COLLECTED DATA WILL BE KEPT CONFIDENTIAL AND
USED SOLELY FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES. THE
ANONYMITY OF PARTICIPANTS WILL BE ENSURED, AND
NO IDENTIFYING INFORMATION WILL BE INCLUDED IN
02
ANY REPORTS OR PUBLICATIONS RESULTING FROM THE
STUDY.
REFERENCES
Resano, J. E., Regencia, Z. J., & Baja, E. (2023, March). Association between smoking
and vaping usage and perceived stress levels of undergraduate nursing students in
Manila, Philippines. Journal Of Public Health and Emergency,
https://doi.org/10.21037/jphe-22-52
Lee, D., Kim, H. M., & Stevens, E. (2024, September). How stress influences e-
cigarette health message perceptions and intentions to abstain from vaping among
young adults who vape. National Library Of Medicine,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108174
Wang, Y., Sung, H. Y., Watkins, S. L., Lightwood, J., Yao, T. & Max, W. (2023,
December). The association of current exclusive e-cigarette use and dual use of e-
cigarettes and cigarettes with psychological distress among U.S. adults. Preventive
Medicine Reports, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102425
REFERENCES
Kim, S. J., Chae, W., & Jang, S. I. (2019). The impact of smoking
cessation attempts on stress levels. BMC Public Health.,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6592-9
Stubbs, B., Veronese, N., Vancampfort, D., Prina, M., Lin, P. Y.,
Tseng, P. T., Evanagelou, E., Solmi, M., Kohler, C., Carvalho, A.,
& Koyanagi, A. (2017, August). Perceived stress and smoking
across 41 countries: A global perspective across Europe, Africa,
Asia and the Americas. Scientific Reports.,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07579-w
REFERENCES
Philippine News Agency. (2024, June 19). ICAST seeks
school support to stop students from smoking, vaping.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/121436
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global
measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social
Behavior, 24, 385-396
https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/psychology/stress-immunity-
disease-lab/scales/pdf/globalmeas83.pdf
FRADEL AND SPIES
THANK YOU
