Republic of the Philippines

SMILE
(Simplified Module Intended for Learning Encounters)
Department of Education
Region V, Schools Division of Sorsogon
12
Learner’s Packet
GUBAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Gubat, Sorsogon

Name: Year, Strand & Section:

Date: October 14– 18, 2024 (Week 9) Score:

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

FOR GRADE 12

Quarter 2 – Module 3
Examine the Concept, Characteristics and Forms of Stratification Systems
Using Sociological Perspectives

I. Introduction
In the last learning activity sheet that you have undertaken, you have learned about the functions and
importance of education. On that LAS, you were able to recognize that education is not only confined to
industrialized countries but also to the developing countries; it is equally important and beneficial for the
entire world. Education provides assistance and support to less developed countries and motivate them for
achieving growth. Education involves knowledge acquisition, learning skills, and enhancing or polishing
abilities and attributes. Education is recognized worldwide as beneficial for individuals and encourage the
national and economic development. Now, in this learning activity sheet, you will examine and discuss the
concept, characteristics and forms of stratification systems using sociological perspectives.

II. Learning Skills

After going through this learning activity sheet, you should be able to:
1. understand the different social desirables as explained by Karl Marx and Max Weber; and
2. analyze the different social classifications and how one moves from one class to another.

III. Activities

A. Let Us Review
For a short review, complete the graphic organizer by identifying the Functions of Education based
on the previous learning activity sheet that you studied.

Functions
of
Education
B. Let Us Study
MEANING OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Social stratification is the classification of people into socioeconomic class, based upon their
occupation and income, wealth and social status. Stratification is the relative social position of people within
a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. Social stratification is distinguished as three
social classes: the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided
into strata: the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and the lower stratum. Social stratum can be formed upon
the bases of kinship or caste, or both.

MEANING OF SOCIAL DESIRABLES

Social desirables are resources considered valuable by societies. These resources may be tangible or
intangible. Sociologist may focus on any of these resources as the basis of their theoretical perspective on
social inequality. In short, the recognition of the existence of these social desirables is what brings together
the sociological camps.
Generally, prestige, power, and wealth are three important social desirables. It describes the social
standing of individuals relative to others. Social standing reflects persons’ worth and access to social,
political, and symbolic capital. Sociologists have different vies as to what constitute social class. Karl Marx
looked at it in terms of wealth produced in relation to the ownership of the means of production. Wealth may
refer to money, properties, and similar tangible resources.
Max Weber, on the other hand, differentiates them into three: wealth, power, and prestige.
Individual’s social standing can be measured, all at once, based on their relative access to these three.

Bases of Class According to Karl Marx and Max Weber

KARL MARX MAX WEBER
ECONOMIC STATURE POWER WEALTH PRESTIGE
Material prosperity, Political or social authority Material prosperity Widespread respect and
ownership of the means of or control, especially that admiration felt for
production which is exercised by a someone due to his or her
government achievements or quality

MEANING AND TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

Social mobility refers to changes of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people
within or between social class in a society. It is a change in social status relative to one's current social
location within a given society.

Types of Social Mobility

1. Horizontal mobility
This happen when a person changes their occupation, but their overall social standing remains
unchanged.
2. Vertical mobility
It is a change in the occupational, political, or religious status of a person that causes a change in
their societal position. A person or social object moves from one social class to another.
3. Upward mobility
It is when a person moves from a lower position in society to a higher one. It can also include people
occupying higher positions in the same societal group. However, upward mobility, while seen as a good
thing, can also come at a cost for individuals.
4. Downward mobility
It takes place when a person moves from a higher position in society to a lower one. It happens
when someone is caught performing a wrongful act that can result in the loss of the position they currently
hold.
5. Inter-generational mobility
This happen when the social position changes from one generation to another. The change can be
upward or downward.
6. Intra-generational mobility
Change in societal position occurs during the lifespan of a single generation. It can also refer to a
change in position between siblings. One way is when a person climbs up the corporate ladder in their
career.
 Some Issues Relative to Social Stratification
Wealth and Income Ethnicity Gender and Sexual Person with
Orientation Disabilities (PWD)
In the Philippines, there Ethnic groups are also Woman have always These people are also
are 92.3 million facing discrimination. been coerced by discriminated, and their
Filipinos lives below Aside from cultural societies that have a physical impairments
poverty line because of marginalization that structural bias because become basis of denial
the country’s economic they suffer from the of cultural beliefs. Men and equal opportunity in
and social inequality. dominant cultural are seen in many employment. They do
According to the majorities, where their cultures as natural not enjoy the benefits
ASEAN Trade Union cultural practices are leaders and conformed that abled persons
Council, the Philippines subjects of ridicule and more social and political receive.
has the highest rate of their physical rights. In some culture,
economic and social appearances and women cannot own
inequality in Southeast demeanor ear for them property. And they
Asia, and unless action over forms of cannot drive their own
is taken, the gap will discrimination through car. Woman also
continue to widen. The stereotypes and end up experienced harassment
4 major causes of as victims of in the workplace and
income inequality in our development become victim of sexual
country are: aggression. Their harassment and
1. The rising ancestral lands are either violence. A similar
proportion of urban forcibly taken away situation is being
households from them in the guise experienced by LGBT
2. Age distribution of development projects people. They are often
changes like government subjected to
3. Increasing number infrastructures or discrimination and
of highly educated dumping site for toxic ridicule by a society that
household waste. considers them
4. Wage rate aberrations or forms of
inequality deviancy.

C. Let us Practice
Activity 1: Accomplishing Graphic Organizers
Directions: To strengthen and broaden your knowledge on the lessons that you had learned,
complete the given graphic organizers below and give short information or example. The main ideas are
already given.

Social Social
Stratification Desirables
 Social Mobility

D. Let us Remember
Activity 2: Think and Discuss
Directions: Answer the following questions based on your own understanding. Write your answer
inside the box.

What is social stratification?

What do you mean by social desirable?

What is the relationship of social mobility and social inequality?

How can social inequalities in the Philippines be addressed?

E. Evaluation
Inform Me!
Directions: Below are the issues relative to social stratification in the Philippines. Complete the
table by giving 1 situation in each issue. Then, look on the constitution of the Philippines and identify a law
that promotes equality. Discuss in 3 sentences how the law promotes equality.

Issues Relative to Social Stratification

Wealth and Income Ethnicity Gender and Sexual Person with
Orientation Disabilities (PWD)

Law that Promotes Equality

Wealth and Income Ethnicity Gender and Sexual Person with
Orientation Disabilities (PWD)

IV. Rubric for Scoring

Rubrics for Activity 1, 2 and 3
Criteria Points
Content and Understanding 10
Organization of information 5
Neatness and Attractiveness 5
Total 20

V. Answer Key
Answers may vary and please see the rubrics.

VI. Reflection

I have learned that …

(3 points)

I wish to ask my teacher about …

(2 points)

VII. Reference
Consuelo, Ma. Cristina L., SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Quarter
2-Module 3, 2020

VIII. Authors

Prepared by: CHARISSE F. DIVINAGRACIA, LPT

Subject Teacher, UCSP

Reviewed by: RECHIL G. FAJARDO

MT III, HUMSS Subject Group Head