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Transactions in SQL

The document explains SQL transactions, highlighting their role in ensuring data consistency and integrity through ACID properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. It details transaction control commands such as START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT, along with practical examples of their usage in MySQL. Additionally, it illustrates the effects of abnormal termination on transaction data and the importance of using COMMIT to permanently save changes.

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ZULQARNAIN AHMAD SHEIKH
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43 views10 pages

Transactions in SQL

The document explains SQL transactions, highlighting their role in ensuring data consistency and integrity through ACID properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. It details transaction control commands such as START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT, along with practical examples of their usage in MySQL. Additionally, it illustrates the effects of abnormal termination on transaction data and the importance of using COMMIT to permanently save changes.

Uploaded by

ZULQARNAIN AHMAD SHEIKH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Transactions in SQL

Understanding SQL Transactions with ACID


properties and control commands
What is a • A transaction in SQL is a sequence of one or more
SQL operations executed as a single logical unit of
Transaction? work. It ensures data consistency and integrity.
ACID Properties of Transactions

ATOMICITY – ALL CONSISTENCY – THE ISOLATION – TRANSACTIONS DURABILITY – COMMITTED


OPERATIONS IN A DATABASE REMAINS IN A RUN INDEPENDENTLY DATA IS PERMANENT
TRANSACTION ARE VALID STATE BEFORE AND WITHOUT INTERFERENCE.
COMPLETED, OR NONE ARE. AFTER THE TRANSACTION.
Transaction • START TRANSACTION / BEGIN – Starts a
transaction
Control • COMMIT – Saves all changes
• ROLLBACK – Undoes changes
Commands • SAVEPOINT – Creates intermediate point
• RELEASE SAVEPOINT – Deletes a savepoint
MySQL Savepoints and
Transaction Control

Demonstration of Savepoints, Rollback, DDL


Effects, and Commit Behavior
Table Setup

• CREATE TABLE employee (


id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
salary INT
);
• START TRANSACTION;
• INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1,
'Alice', 50000);
• SAVEPOINT S1;

• INSERT INTO employee VALUES (2,


'Bob', 55000);
• SAVEPOINT S2;

Create • INSERT INTO employee VALUES (3,


'Charlie', 60000);
Savepoints • SAVEPOINT S3;

• INSERT INTO employee VALUES (4,


'David', 62000);
• SAVEPOINT S4;

• INSERT INTO employee VALUES (5,


'Eva', 58000);
• SAVEPOINT S5;
• ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT S3;

• -- Output:
1 | Alice | 50000
Rollback to 2 | Bob | 55000
3 | Charlie | 60000
Savepoints
• ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT S1;

• -- Output:
1 | Alice | 50000
• START TRANSACTION;
• INSERT INTO employee VALUES (6,
'Frank', 57000);

Abnormal • -- Exit MySQL client without


Termination •
COMMIT
-- Restart and check:
Behavior
• SELECT * FROM employee WHERE
id = 6;

• -- Output: No result (data not


saved)
• START TRANSACTION;
• INSERT INTO employee VALUES (7,
'Grace', 61000);
Using COMMIT • COMMIT;
and COMMIT • START TRANSACTION;
WORK • INSERT INTO employee VALUES (8,
'Hassan', 53000);
• COMMIT WORK;

• -- Data is permanently saved.

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