Chapter Four
Control Flow Statement
(Selection and Repetition Statements)
Contents:
• Overview
• Sequential Statements
• Selections Statements
• Repetition Statements
• Continue and Break Statements
4.1 Over view
• Flow of the program:
• The order in which statements in a program are executed.
• Flow control:
▪ Programmers can control which instruction to be executed in a program.
• Flow control in a program is typically sequential, from one statement to the next.
• But we can also have execution that might be divided to other paths by
branching statements.
• Or perform a block of statement repeatedly until a condition fails by Repetition or
looping.
Cont…
• C++ statements
▪ Sequential
▪ Selection
▪ Repetition
4.1.1 Sequential Statements
• Program will executed one after the other in the order scripted in
the program.
• The order will be determined during program development and
cannot be changed.
4.1.2 Selection Statements
• Program will decide at runtime whether some part of the code should or
should not be executed.
• There are two types of selection statements in C++:
▪ if statement, and
▪ switch statement
[Link] The if statement
• It is sometimes desirable to make the execution of a statement
dependent upon a condition being satisfied.
• The different forms of the ‘if ” statement will be used to decide whether to
execute part of the program based on a condition which will be tested either
for:
• TRUE, or
• FALSE result.
Cont…
• The different forms of the “If ” statement are:
▪ The simple if statement
▪ The if else statement
▪ The if else if statement
i. The simple if statement
• The simple if statement will decide only one part of the program to be
executed:
▪ if the condition is satisfied, or
▪ ignored if the condition fails.
• The General Syntax is:
if (expression)
statements;
ii. The if else statement
• Another form of the “if ” is the “if …else” statement. The “if else if ”
statement allows us to specify two alternative statements:
• One which will be executed if a condition is satisfied and
• Another which will be executed if the condition is not satisfied.
Cont…
• The General Syntax is:
if (expression)
statements1;
else statements2;
• First “expression” is evaluated and if the outcome is none zero (true), then
“statements1” will be executed.
• Otherwise, which means the “expression” is false “statements2” will be executed.
iii. The if else if statement
• The third form of the “if ” statement is the “if …else if ” statement.
• The “if else if ” statement allows us to specify more than two
alternative statements each will be executed based on testing one or more
conditions.
Cont…
• The General Syntax is:
if (expression1)
statements1;
else if(expression2)
statements2;
.
.
.
else if(expressionN)
statementsN;
else statements
iv. Nesting if statement within another
statement
• One or more if statements can be nested with in another if
statement.
• The nesting will be used to test multiple conditions to perform a task.
• It is always recommended to indent nested if statements to enhance
readability of a program.
• The General Syntax might be:
if (expression1)
{
if (expression2)
statementsN;
else
statementsM;
}
else
{
if (expression3)
statementsR;
else
statementsT;
}
Cont…
• StatementsN will be executed if and only if “expression1” and “expression2”
are evaluated and if the outcome of both is none zero (TRUE).
• StatementsM will be executed if and only if “expression1” is TRUE and
“expression2” is FALSE.
• StatementsR will be executed if and only if “expression1” is FALSE and
“expression3” is TRUE.
• StatementsT will be executed if and only if “expression1” is FLASE and
“expression2” is FALSE.
