Specialty/Option: TELCOM, NWS, SW

Paper: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS Duration: 3 hours

Coef: 02

Instructions: Answer all Questions

SECTION A (20mks)
MCQ RESPONSE
1 A
2 A
3 C
4 C
5 C
6 A
7 A
8 A
9 C
10 C
11 C
12 A
13 B
14 B
15 D
16 C
17 B
18 B
19 A
20 A

ANALYSIS (30 MARKS)

1
 1) Since 𝑓(𝑥) is given by two expressions, the integrals from
−𝜋 𝑡𝑜 𝜋 𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 2 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑠
1 𝜋 1 𝑜 𝜋
𝑎0 = ∫−𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋 [∫−𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑜 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ]
2𝜋

1 𝑜 𝜋 1
= [∫−𝜋 −𝑘 𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑜 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 ] = [−𝑘[𝑥]𝑜−𝜋 + 𝑘[𝑥]𝑜−𝜋 ]
2𝜋 2𝜋

1 1
= [−𝑘(0 + 𝜋) + 𝑘(𝜋 − 0)] = (−𝑘𝜋 + 𝑘𝜋) = 0
2𝜋 2𝜋

1 𝜋 1 𝑜 𝜋
𝑎𝑛 =
𝜋
∫−𝜋 𝑓(𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋
[∫−𝜋(−𝑘)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑜 𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 ]

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝜋
= [−𝑘 [ ] + 𝑘[ ] ]=0
𝜋 𝑛 −𝜋 𝑛 0

𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑡 − 𝜋, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛 = 1, 2 … … … … … …

We see that all these cosine coefficients are zero.

1 𝜋 1 𝑜 𝜋
𝑏𝑛 =
𝜋
∫−𝜋 𝑓(𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋
[∫−𝜋(−𝑘)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑜 𝑘𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 ]

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝜋
= [[𝑘 ] − [𝑘 ] ]
𝜋 𝑛 −𝜋 𝑛 0

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−∝) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∝ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos 0 = 1 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠

𝑘 2𝑘
𝑏𝑛 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠0 − cos(−𝑛𝜋) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠0) = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋)
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋

Now cosnπ = -1 cos(2π) = 1, cos3π = -1 etc in general.

−1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 = { and thus 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋 = {
1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛

4𝑘
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛
And 𝑏𝑛 = { 𝑛𝜋
0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛
4𝑘
2) Considering 𝑓(𝑥) =∑∞
𝑛=1 sin(𝑛𝑥)
𝜋𝑛

a- Since 𝑎0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑛 are zero, the series of 𝑓(𝑥) is given by

∞ 4𝑘
𝑓(𝑥) = ∑ sin(𝑛𝑥) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑛=1 𝜋𝑛

2
 4𝑘 1
= ∑∞
𝑛=1 sin(𝑛𝑥)
𝜋 𝑛

4𝑘 1 1
= ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥 + ⋯).
𝜋 3 5

b- Assuming that 𝑓(𝑥) is the sum of the series and setting 𝑥 = 𝜋⁄2
4𝑘 1 1
For 2)-a we have, 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥 + ⋯).
𝜋 3 5

And setting 𝑥 = 𝜋⁄2

4𝑘 1 1
𝑓(𝜋⁄2) = (1 − + … … … . ) = 𝑘
𝜋 3 5
𝜋 3𝜋
(Because by definition 𝜋⁄2 is an element of [0, 𝜋] and =1, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 =
2 2
5𝜋
−1, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 1 and so on)
2

4𝑘 1 1
Now
𝜋
(1 − 3 + 5
……….) = 𝑘

𝜋𝑘 1 1 𝜋 1 1
⇒ = (1 − + ……….) ⇒ = (1 − + ……….)
4𝑘 3 5 4 3 5

𝜋 1 1
Therefore we have = (1 − + ……….)
4 3 5

3) Given 𝐹(𝑠) = ℒ (𝑓) where is the Laplace Transform of 𝑓a given function of 𝑡.

Finding 𝐹(𝑠) for 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑒 3𝑡 sinh(𝑡) we have
1 1 1 1 1
ℒ(sinh(𝑡)) = [ℒ (𝑒 𝑡 ) − ℒ (𝑒 −𝑡 ) ] = [ − ]= = 𝐹(𝑠)
2 2 𝑠−1 𝑠+1 𝑠 2 −1
1 1
By the shifting theorem ℒ(𝑒 3𝑡 sinh(𝑡)) = 𝐹(𝑠 − 3) = (𝑠−3)2 =
−1 𝑠 2 −6𝑠+8
5𝑠+1
Finding 𝑓(𝑡) for 𝐹(𝑠) =
𝑠 2 −25

5𝑠 + 1 5𝑠 + 1 5𝑠 1 𝑠 1 5
= = + = 5 × + ×
𝑠 2 − 25 𝑠 2 − 52 𝑠 2 − 52 𝑠 2 − 52 𝑠 2 − 5 2 5 𝑠 2 − 52

𝑠 1 5
ℒ −1 (𝐹 (𝑠)) = ℒ −1 (5 × + × )
𝑠 2 − 52 5 𝑠 2 − 52
𝑠 1 −1 5
= 5ℒ −1 ( 2 ) + ℒ ( )
𝑠 − 52 5 𝑠 2 − 52
𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

3
 𝑠 5
But ℒ −1 ( ) = cosh(5𝑡) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℒ −1 (𝑠2−52) = sinh(5𝑡)
𝑠 2 −52
Now
1
𝑓(𝑡) = ℒ −1 (𝐹 (𝑠)) = 5 cosh(5𝑡) + sinh(5𝑡)
5

STATISTICS (30 MARKS)

X Y x-ẋ=a y-ẏ=b a*a b*b a*b

29 16 -5.8 -13.9 33.64 193.21 80.62
48 46 13.2 16.1 174.24 259.21 212.52
28 34 -6.8 4.1 46.24 16.81 -27.88
22 26 -12.8 -3.9 163.84 15.21 49.92
-
28 49 -6.8 19.1 46.24 364.81 129.88
-
42 11 7.2 -18.9 51.84 357.21 136.08
33 41 -1.8 11.1 3.24 123.21 -19.98
26 13 -8.8 -16.9 77.44 285.61 148.72
48 47 13.2 17.1 174.24 292.41 225.72
-
44 16 9.2 -13.9 84.64 193.21 127.88

855.6 2100.9 275.8

34.8 29.9

1. Scattered diagram

Y
60

50

40

30
Y
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

4
 2. It seems to be a poor relationship between the two variable neither positive or
negative
3. The correlation coefficient
From the table 𝑥̅ = 34.8 and 𝑦̅ = 29.9 ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 = 855.6 ; ∑(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅)2 =
2100.9 ; ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ ) (𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅) = 275.8 the 𝜎𝑥 = 9.75; 𝜎𝑦 = 15.28 and
𝜎𝑥𝑦 = 30.64

30.64
𝑟𝑥𝑦 = = 0.20
9.75 × 15.28
4. Regression line
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝜎𝑥𝑦 275.8
Then 𝑎 = 2
= = 0.322 and 𝑏 = 𝑦̅ − 𝑎𝑥̅ = 29.9 −
𝜎𝑥 855.6
(0.322)(34.8) = 1.03
And 𝑦 = 0.322𝑥 + 1.03
PROBABILITY (20 MARKS)

The average stock price for companies making up the S&P 500 is $30, and the
standard deviation is $8.20 (BusinessWeek, Special Annual Issue, Spring 2003).
Assume the stock prices are normally distributed.
1. What is the probability a company will have a stock price of at least $40?

For 𝑥 = 30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 8.20

𝑥−𝜇 40 − 30
𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 40) = 𝑃 ( =𝑍≥ ) = 𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 1.22) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 1.22)
𝜎 8.20
= 1 − 0.8888 = 0.1112
2. What is the probability a company will have a stock price no higher than $20?

𝑥−𝜇 20 − 30
𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 20) = 𝑃 ( =𝑍≥ ) = 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ −1.22)
𝜎 8.20
= 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 1.22) = 1 − 0.8888 = 0.1112

3. How high does a stock price have to be to put a company in the top 10%?
𝑥−𝜇
= 0.1 → 𝑥 = 0.1 × 𝜎 + 𝜇 = 0.1 × 8.20 + 30 = 30.82
𝜎